occupational ergonomics 2.1 subjective objective questionnaire Nordic Musculoskeletal QuestionnaireNMQ Nordic Council of Ministries NMQ NMQ reliability77 100 validity 80 100 [1]NMQ 2.2 checklist 2.2.1 MSDs OSHA musculoskeletal disorders, MSDs MSDs MSDs 1
5 8 D 0.5 E 5 2.2.2 BRIEF Humantech Inc. Baseline Risk Identification of Ergonomic Factors, BRIEF BRIEF BRIEF 2 10 1 2 BRIEF 2.3 2.3.1 OWAS OWASOvako Working Posture Analysis System Ovako Oy 1973 Karhu, et al., 1977, 1981 OWAS 2 1....2....3. OWAS Karhu et al., 1977 OWAS OWAS 4-
OWAS Action Categories, AC AC1AC2 AC3 AC4 1 4-2 4-3 1 / AC/AL AC1/AL1 AC2/AL2 AC3/AL3 AC4/AL4 AC OWAS Action CategoriesAL RULA Action Level 2.3.2 RULA OWAS high generality but low result details RULA Rapid Upper Limb Assessment RULA A B Group AGroup A BGroup B Action Level, AL 1 1~2 AL 1 3~4 AL 2 5~6 AL 3 7 AL 4 2.4 manual materials handling NIOSH 1981 1991 1981 asymmetric multiplier coupling multiplier 3
RWLLC HM VM DM AM FM CM 23 (25/H (1-0.003 V-75 (0.82+4.5/D (1-0.0032A FM CM RWL, recommended weight limit HM multiplier VM DM AM CM 6-1 FM 6-2 A sagittal plane 1991 LI LBP LILoad LiftedRWL LI 1 LI 1 LI1 LBP Ayoub and Mital, 1989 LI3 2.5 computer simulation access reach vision posture strength fit clearance 3.1 NMQ 1 n=517 4
3.2 2 / 3 4 2 3 / 4 3.3 1. 52. 5 1. IOSH87 -H333 2. 5
NMQ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ( 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 6
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ( ( 8. ( (1 (2 (3 (4 (5 (6 (7 (8 (9 (10 7
1. 2. 1 3 6 1 3 3 3. ( 4. 5. 6. 7. ( ( 8. 8
1. 1. 2. 1 3 6 1 3 3 3. ( 3. ( 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 2. 1 3 6 1 3 3 6. 7. ( ( 7. ( ( 8. 9
MSDs / A B C D E F 2~4 4~8 >8 1. ( 1 3 2. 1 3 3., 0 1 50 75% 1. 4.5 4.5 2. 1 1 1 3 2 3 1. 20 20 5 10
A B C D E F 2~4 4~8 >8 2. 2 3 3. 4. 20 30 2 3 5. 0 1 1. 2. 2 3 1. ( 0 1 ( 2. 16 5 0 1 6 1. 1 2 11
/ A B C D E F 2~4 4~8 >8 1. 20 45 2. 45 2 3 3. 4. 2 3 5. 6. 0 1 7. 2 3 8. 12
A B C D E F 2~4 4~8 >8 1. 2. 2 3 1. 2. 2 3 1. 1 2 9 90 23 13
* * 23 * 5 8 23 * 3 * 4.5 8 0 0 16 6 6 16 3 5 0 13 6 3. 5 13 3 4.5 0 * * 10 1 1 * 1 1 1 5 1 1 5 2 3 3 10 10 2 3 14
BRIEF 15
OWAS 4-1 OWAS 4-2 3 4 5 6 7 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 3 1 4 2 3 AC1 AC2 AC3 AC4 4-3 (Graham and Nicola,1996 16
RULA http://www.ergonomics.co.uk/rula/ergo/ 17
Table A wrist 3 4 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 1 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 1 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 7 5 2 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 3 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 1 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 6 2 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Table A + + C Table B TRUNK POSTURE SCORCE 3 4 5 6 1 1 3 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 2 2 3 2 3 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 5 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 Table B + + D Table C GRAND TOTAL SCORE C SCORE D 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 4 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 5 4 4 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 6 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 9 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 18
6-1 V75 V75 1.00 1.00 0.95 1.00 0.90 0.90 6-2 work duration 1h 2h 8h (Lift/min V75 V75 V75 V75 V75 V75 0.2 1.00 1.00 0.95 0.95 0.85 0.85 0.5 0.97 0.97 0.92 0.92 0.81 0.81 1 0.94 0.94 0.88 0.88 0.75 0.75 2 0.91 0.91 0.84 0.84 0.65 0.65 3 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.79 0.55 0.55 4 0.84 0.84 0.72 0.72 0.45 0.45 5 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.60 0.35 0.35 6 0.75 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.27 0.27 7 0.70 0.70 0.42 0.42 0.22 0.22 8 0.60 0.60 0.35 0.35 0.18 0.18 9 0.52 0.52 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.15 10 0.45 0.45 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.13 11 0.41 0.41 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00 12 0.37 0.37 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 13 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19