女运动员月经状况调查 背景 : 大运动量训练对女子月经周期 初潮年龄 经期长短 经血量多少等都有不同程度的影响, 加之运动专项需要, 许多女运动员在青春前期或青春早期就开始了系统的专业训练, 并且绝大部分运动员经期还需正常训练, 因此, 运动员月经失调的情况较普通人群明显升高

COMPANY NAME 女运动员月经状况调查

女运动员月经状况调查 背景 : 大运动量训练对女子月经周期 初潮年龄 经期长短 经血量多少等都有不同程度的影响, 加之运动专项需要, 许多女运动员在青春前期或青春早期就开始了系统的专业训练, 并且绝大部分运动员经期还需正常训练, 因此, 运动员月经失调的情况较普通人群明显升高

运动性月经失调 运动性月经失调 定义病因影响因素症状 并发症

运动性月经失调 运动性月经失调 (athleticmenstrual cycle irregularities 简称 AMI) 定义 : 因运动引起的月经失调是女运动员参加训练后的一个特殊医学问题 运动员发病率高达 30% 一 35%

运动性月经失调 病因 运动性月经失调 (athleticmenstrual cycle irregularities 简称 AMI) 病因 : 体质量及体脂量 体脂百分比 机体能量平衡状态 运动量 训练初始年龄 心理压力等因素与运动性月经失调关系密切

运动性月经失调 病因 体脂量 月经初潮的临界体脂需达到体质量的 17% 运动的强度及时间低性腺类固醇水平 运动负荷 训练初始年龄 初潮年龄 : 不规则月经, 闭经 肾上腺皮质激素释放因子的分泌亢进抑制垂体分泌促性腺激素. 精神因素

运动性月经失调 症状 初潮年龄异常月经量异常行经时间异常月经周期异常痛经 症状. 闭经

运动性月经失调 症状 初潮年龄相关因素月经初潮年龄. 多在 13~15 岁之间, 早至 11.00 12.00 岁, 迟至 17.00 一 18.00 岁 运动训练的起始年龄 训练开始的年龄愈早, 月经初潮的时间愈晚. 项目特点 - 表现类项目对体脂体质量有较高的要求 运动员等级水平 - 训练水平越高, 初潮时间越迟

运动性月经失调 症状 月经量异常 月经量超过 80 ml 为月经量过多 ; 经量小于 20 ml 为月经量过少. 月经量异常在运动员中比例较低, 经量过多 多见, 这可能与经期运动盆腔充血加剧有关 经量过少者体内往往存在高雄激素状态, 应 注意是否伴有多囊卵巢综合征或女子运动三 联征的存在

运动性月经失调 症状 行经时间异常 行经时间延长至 7 d 以上为经期延长, 缩短至一二天者为经期缩短 经期的异常在运动中发生率最低, 其中经期延长占 2.54%, 经期延长往往伴发月经量过 多

运动性月经失调 症状 月经周期异常 经周期超过 35 d 为月经周期延长, 短于 23 d 为周期缩短 ; 月经周期延长或缩短在 7 d 以上且前后不定者为月经周期不规律. 月经周期异常在运动员中也很常见, 主要表现为月经周期的延长, 各项目运动员发生率相似 月经周期发生率最高的是跳水队, 月经周期缩短

运动性月经失调 症状 痛经 痛经指在行经前后或月经期间出现下腹疼痛 坠胀, 伴腰酸或其他不适, 程度较重以致影响生活和工作质量. 16 岁以上的运动员绝大部分是有排卵型月经, 无排卵型月经一般不发生痛经 痛经也可能与运动时血液重新分布减少了子宫血流量, 使局部代谢物积聚, 刺激了疼痛神经元有关

运动性月经失调 症状 闭经 是最为严重的一种月经异常现象, 分为原发性和继发性闭经 闭经的原因多种多样, 女性运动员闭经通常是下丘脑功能紊乱引起的 继发性闭经的影响因素 治疗方法 : 增加食物摄入和保持能量平衡 恢复患者的月经 雌激素和孕激素联合疗法 激素替代治疗

运动性月经失调 并发症 三联征 女运动员三联征即饮食失调 / 不规律饮食习惯 闭经 / 月经过少 骨密度减低 ( 骨质疏松和骨量减少 ) 运动员应力性骨折的发生率较高 骨密度的降低与青春期大运动量训练 体质量下降 能量负平衡所导致的月经失调有关

影响因素 运动员资料 月经初潮年龄 实际年龄 行经天数 闭经 经血量及颜色 月经周期 痛经 有无闭经史及其治疗情况 有无痛经及其程度

影响因素 运动史资料 运动项目 专项训练年限 运动级别 运动史资料 运动负荷量 运动训练开始的年龄 行经期的训练情况

经期症状及对运动员的影响 一般月经期无特殊症状, 部分女性可有下腹及腰骶部下坠感, 个别人可伴有尿频感, 也有部分人有轻度的神经系统不稳定症状, 经期症状在运动级别间没有明显的不同 但由于项目特点原因, 不同项目的运动员对月经期训练的身体反应程度有一定差异,

调整和预防措施 经期避免剧烈大强度运动 不宜在过于寒冷或炎热的场地进行训练 合理安排膳食 休息与心理 Company LOGO 加强监控工作.

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