7 9 Vol. 7 No. 9 2016 9 Journal of Food Safety and Quality Sep., 2016 林 * 昕, 黎其万, 杜丽娟, 兰珊珊, 魏茂琼, 和丽忠, 刘宏程 ( ( ),, 650223) 摘要 : 目的 方法 2014 1950, (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS),, 结果 2.5%, (0.2 mg/kg); (HQ) 97.5% 99.5% 1 结论,, 关键词 : ; ; ; ; Content determination and health risk assessment of cadmium in rice in Yunnan province LIN Xin, LI Qi-Wan, DU Li-Juan, LAN Shan-Shan, WEI Mao-Qiong, HE Li-Zhong, LIU Hong-Cheng * (Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Kunming), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China) ABSTRACT: Objective To evaluate the health risk on human caused by cadmium (Cd)accumulated in rice in Yunnan province. Methods Cadmium concentration of 1950 rice samples collected from Yunnan province in 2014 was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The metal pollution in milled rice was evaluated by single factor pollution index, and the metal health risk was assessed by nonparametric probability method. Results Cadmium concentration of 2.5% samples was exceeded the China health standards for food (0.2 mg/kg). The hazard quotient (HQ) of the health risk was higher than 1 for 97.5% and 99.5% exposure. Conclusion The accumulation of Cd in rice is a potential health risk to consumers of some areas in Yunnan province. Considering the potential health risk, it is necessary to implement yearly monitoring of Cd contamination in milled rice in Yunnan province. KEY WORDS: cadmium; rice; dietary exposure; health risk assessment; Yunnan province 1 引言,,,, [1], 1200, [2],,,,, * 通讯作者 :,, E-mail: liuorg@163.com *Corresponding author: LIU Hong-Cheng, Researcher, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Kunming), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.9 Xueyun Road, Kunming 650223, China. E-mail: liuorg@163.com
3842 7 (Cd),,,, 258, 207, (FAO/WHO) (JECFA), (PTWI)7 μg kg -1 BW -1 (PTMI)25 μg kg -1 BW -1[3], [4],,, Salomon-Sand [5], ; Ji [6],, ; Kim [7],, ; [8] 2007~2014, : ; [9], 8.89% ; [10], ; [11],,,, [12],,,, ( 1),,, 2 材料与方法 2.1 原料与试剂 2014,, 1950 10, 3.33 hm 2 5,, 2, 50, 1 kg (, ), (Cr) ( ), 1 mg/ml 2.2 仪器与设备 (ELAN9000DRC-e, PerkinElmer ) 2.3 样品检测,, GB/T 5009.15-2014 [13] 0.25 g 10.0 ml +1.0 ml, 25 ml,, 1 GBW10045, 2.4 大米中镉的评价 NY/T398-2000 [14],, : PI=C i /S i : PI ; C i, mg/kg;s i, mg/kg -1 GB2672-2012 [15], : 0.2 mg/kg 表 1 单因子污染指数评价标准 Table 1 Single factor contamination index 0.6, 0.6~1.0 1.0,
9, : 3843 2.5 大米中镉的健康风险评估 2.5.1 膳食暴露评价模型 (USEPA), (CDI) : CDI=Cf IR EF ED D/BW AT 365 : CDI, mg kg -1-1 ; Cf, mg/kg; IR, kg/d; EF, d/a; ED, a; D, d/ ; BW, kg; AT, d 2.5.2 健康风险定量评估 (PTMI) (JECFA 0.025 mg kg -1-1 ), CDI PTMI (HQ), HQ 1, ; HQ 1,,, : HQ=CDI/PTMI 2.5.3 蒙特卡洛法 (Monte Carlo) 模拟风险评估法 Monte Carlo,,, Oracle Crystal Ball( ) Monte Carlo CDI HQ, 10000 Monte Carlo, 100%,, HQ 95% 97.5% 99.5% [16] 2.6 数据处理 Microsoft Office Excel 2007, Crystal Ball 3 结果与分析 3.1 云南大米中镉超标评价 1, 1950 : 100% Crystal Ball,,, 2, PI 95% 0.6, ; 97.5%, PI 1,, 2.5%; 99.5%, PI 2,,,, 3.2 云南大米中镉的暴露评估 2, Monte Carlo Crystal Ball Monte Carlo, 3 : CDI 0.01 mg kg -1-1, FAO/WHO (JECFA), ; 95% 0.02,, 97.5% 99.5%,, 99.5% CDI 2.8 表 2 大米镉暴露量评价公式计算参数 Table 2 Parameters for probability model of Cd in rice sample (IR) 0. 485 kg/d [16] (EF) 350 d/a [17] (ED) 70 a [17] (AT) 70 d [17] (D) 30 d [18] (BW) 60 kg [19] 3.3 云南大米中镉的健康风险评估 CDI, Crystal Ball HQ, 4 : HQ 1, 95% 1, 97.5% 99.5% 1.167 2.662, 97.5% 99.5% HQ 1, 6.23% 4 讨论,, Monte Carlo,,,,
3844 食品安全质量检测学报 Fig. 1 图 1 大米中镉含量数据分布拟合图 Fitting distribution of cadmium contents in rice samples Fig. 2 图 2 大米中镉的单因子污染指数 Index of cadmium pollution in rice samples 第7卷
第9期 林 昕, 等: 云南省大米中重金属镉含量及其健康风险评估 Fig. 3 图 3 大米镉月暴露风险评估模拟 Probability distribution of CDI for cadmium in rice samples Fig. 4 图 4 大米中镉风险熵的评估值结果 Result of risk assessment of cadmium in rice samples 3845
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