I

I

1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. II

...I... II... III... VII... IX ()... 1... 1... 2... 12 ()... 17... 17 ()... 29 ()... 39... 39... 40... 41 ()... 53... 53... 61... 67 ()... 87... 87... 87... 88... 89 ()...107...107 III

IV...109...109... 111... 112 ()... 117... 117...124...143...151...157...161...169 ().183...183...195...200...203...207...207...209...222...224...228...230...237...239

...240...241...242 ()...243...244...245 o oo...248...249...250...251...253...255 V

VI

1.1 ( )... 7 1.2... 8 1.3... 14 2.1... 19 2.2... 20 2.3... 20 2.4... 21 2.5... 22 2.6... 24 2.7 ()... 25 3.1... 42 5.1... 90 5.2 CNS... 97 5.3 CNS...102 5.4...102 7.1... 119 7.2..121 7.3...126 7.4...145 7.5...148 8.1...185 8.2...190 VII

VIII

1.1 ()... 5 1.2... 12 1.3... 13 2.1 HSE... 27 3.1... 41 5.1... 91 5.2... 92 5.3... 93 5.4... 93 5.5... 94 5.6... 95 5.7... 95 5.8... 95 5.9... 95 5.10... 97 5.11...101 5.12...105 7.1...127 7.2...127 7.3...128 7.4...128 7.5...128 7.6...129 7.7...129 7.8...129 7.9-12...130 IX

7.13-15...131 7.16-18...132 7.19...133 7.20 -...135 7.21 -...135 7.22 -...135 7.23 -...136 7.24...137 7.25...137 7.26...137 7.27...137 7.28...138 7.29...138 8.1...185 8.2...186 8.3...190 8.4...194 X

() ( ) 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. ( ) 3. 4. 1. 2. 1

3. 4. 1. 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) ( ) 2

1. (1) (2) (3) 2. (1) (2) ( ) ( ) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1. 3

2. 3. 4. 1.1 1. 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 4

5 ( ) () 1.1 ()

1.1 1.2 6

1.1 7

1.2 ( ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 8

9

( ) 10

11

1.2 1.2 63 4 16 80 5 17 12

88 1.3 1.3 34 34 88 14 13

90 3 1.3 1.3 14 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. ( 88 191)

1.3 ( ) http://www.cla.gov.tw http://www.iosh.gov.tw 15

16

() ( ) ( ) (Hazard) ( ) (Hazard Identification) ( ) (Risk) ( ) (Risk Assessment) ( ) ( ) ( ) (PEME) (people)(equipment) (Material) (Environment) ( ) 1. (Contact) 17

(1) / / (2) (3) (4) (5) / (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) 2. ( ) 1. 2. 3. ( ) 1. 2. 3. ( ) 1. 2. 3. 18

( ) 2.1 2.1 / / X-rayγ -ray α β ( ) ( ) 2.2 1. ( ) (...) (...) (...) (...) 2. ( ) (...) (...) (...) 19

(...) (...) (...) (...) (...) 2.2 (Dust) (Gas) COHCNO 3 NH 3 SO 2 Cl 2 (Vapor) (Fume) (Mist) HCl ( ) 2.3 2.3 A B ( ) ( 2.4 ) 20

( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2.4 ( ) ( ) 2.5 (,1999) 21

2.5 (1999) 28/99 22

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 3 4 ( ) ( ) 2.6 2.7 23

2.6 / ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) 24

2.7 () /X- / / / 25

(CPR) (MSDS) (Spill kit) 26

(Health and Safety Executive, HSE,2001) ( 2.1 ) 2.1 HSE 1 () 2 3 ( ) ( ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) () 5 () 27

3 1. 2. 3. 28

() ( 90) 91 10 16 ( ) () ( 313314 ) ( 312 ) 29

() () ( ) ( ) 30

() () () () () () ( 277 ) 31

(91 ) ( ) ( ) 1. 300 2. ( 100 30~100 30 ) 3. ( 300 500 ) 4. 1. 2. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 300 7. 1. 7 2 2. 3. 8. 3 9. 100 10. ( ) 11. 32

12. ( ) 13. ( ) 1. 2. 30 30~45 45 3. 4. 5. 1. 5 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 5 6. 3 7. 8. 50 50 1 33

34 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. 3. MSDS MSDS 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

35 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) 5. 6. 1. 2. 24 3. (91 ) ( ) ( )

/ / (Water Bath) 36

( ) 37

38

() 39

PQRSTP - Product-Material Q - Quantity-Volume R - Routing-ProcessS Supporting-ServiceT Time 40

,,,, (space bubble) 3.1 180 3.1 41

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization,UNESCO 3.1 5 7.5 10 15 10 20 3.1 42

21 ( 90 12 12 ) 31 ( 90 12 12 ) 1. 2. 43

3. 4. 45 ( 92 08 20 ) ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 34 ( 90 12 12 ) 44

200 300 500 1,000 1,000 30 ( 90 12 12 ) 313 ( 90 12 12 ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 45

219 ( 92 08 20 ) ( ) 101 ( 91 07 30 ) 3 ( 87 04 29 ) ( ) 1. 46

(1) (2) (3) (4) 2. (1) (2) (3) 4 ( 87 04 29 ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 ( 87 04 29 ) 1. 2. 6 ( 87 04 29 ) 1. 47

2. 7 ( 87 04 29 ) (CNS 9328 Z 1024) 5 ( 88 06 29 ) 1. 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 116 ( 92 08 20 ) ( ) 1. 48

2. 74 ( 91 07 30 ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 7 ( 88 09 01 ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 8 ( 88 09 01 ) 49

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 ( 88 09 01 ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 10 ( 88 09 01 ) 1. 2. 3. 147 ( 88 09 01 ) 1. 2. 50

3. 4. 148 ( 88 09 01 ) 151 ( 88 09 01 ) (Lux) 161 ( 88 09 01 ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ( ) 51

52

() 53

54

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 55

Χ α β γ 56

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 57

2. 3. 1. 2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 3. 58

1 2 3 59

60

( ) 61

: 62

63

~ 64

65

66

: ( ) 1. 2. 3. 67

4. ( ) ; ; 68

( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 69

16. 17. 18. 19. 110 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 1. 70

2. 3. 1 2 3 4. 71

1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) 1. 60Hz 180Hz 2. ( ) 72

1. / 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 73

180Hz 60Hz 3 4 74

75

1/8~3/16 3~5 2 3 76

77

1. 78

2. 1. 2. 3. ( ) ( ) 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 79

8 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 80

30 130 1. 2. 81

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 100 1. 82

2. 3. 4. 5. 1.6 1/16 5 3/16 1. 83

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 8 (5/16 ) 9. 10. 5 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 84

19. 20. 21. 22. 90 8 85 50 85

86

() 87

: 88

5.1 CNS 6636-Z200023 87-10-23 6637-Z200024 87-10-23 6638-Z200025 87-10-23 6860-Z200026 87-10-23 6861-Z200027 87-10-23 6862-Z200028 87-10-23 11981-Z200064 87-10-23 1336-Z3000001 86-5-27 2396-Z2000009 87-3-23 3902-Z300014 87-3-23 4598-Z200022 87-10-23 4599-Z300015 87-10-23 8454-T200012 87-10-23 89

2397-Z200010 87-10-23 3504-Z200019 87-10-23 7174-Z200031 87-10-23 7175-Z200032 87-10-23 7176-Z200033 91-4-10 7177-Z200034 91-4-10 8164-T200011 87-10-23 X 10297-T200016 87-10-23 X 10298-T4000005 87-10-23 7178-Z200035 87-10-23 8068-T200010 88-6-28 X 10295-T200015 87-10-23 X 10296-T4000004 87-10-23 12544-Z200075 88-4-6 12545-Z300031 88-4-6 12546-Z200076 87-10-23 6863-Z200029 91-4-10 7759-Z200038 87-10-23 8878-Z200045 87-10-23 12707-Z200077 87-10-23 12708-Z200078 87-10-23 12709-Z200079 87-10-23 7534-Z200037 87-10-23 7535-Z300020 87-10-23 5.1 90

5.1 5.1-5 91

5.2 5.2 - (CNS 2397Z49) 5.3 5.4 92

5.3 5.4 - (CNS 7176Z2033) (CNS 7177Z2034) 5.3 5.4 2.5mm (CNS 7174Z2031) 5.3 5.4 105 5.5 CNS 7175 93

5.5 - (CNS 7175Z2032) 5.65.7 5.6 CNS 4590 5.8 94

5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9-5.9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 95

CNS ANSI EN CSA JIS 1. 2. 3. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5.10 96

( ) 5.10 5.2 CNS 7178 8068 10295 X X X 12544 12546 300V 7000V 5.2 CNS 97

- 98

X X X 99

5.11 100

101 5.11 ( )

5.3 CNS 6863 7759 8878 12707 12708 12709 5.3 CNS - 5 5.4 H S L - 102

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 1. 2. 3. 4. 103

CNS 6863 PVC 1kg 5.12 104

5.12-105

106

() (self-inspection) (OSHA) : 107

; 80 12 30 87 6 29 85 : 108

100 11 : 109

; : ( ) ( ) 100 110

; ; ; 111

() : () : () : 112

() : l. 2. 3. () : () : () : : l. ( ) 2. 3. 4. 5. 113

() : : 1. : 2. : 3. 4. : 5. : 6. : 7. : 8. : 9. : () () () () () () () 114

() () 115

116

() () 1. 2. () 1. 2. () 1. 2. () 1. 2. () 1. 117

2. () 1. 2. 7.1 ()(A) 1. ()(B) 1. 2. ()(C) 1. 2. ()(D) 1. 118

119 7.1 A B C A B D () () () () () () () () ()

() () () () () () () () () ( ) () () 7.2 120

121 7.2 ( p8 ) ( ) ( ) 1000m/sec~3500m/sec 50%

() 7~10 122

2000~3000 0.1 0.2 2~3 / 1,3-123

(1) (2) 124

(3) ( 119) C.P.R 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 125

( ) 7.3 7.3 () 1. 1 () 2 3 2. () 1 2 3 3. () 1 2 3 126

4 5 4. 1 2 3 ( 7.1) 7.1 ( ) 1~2 ( 7.2) 7.2. 5 ( 7.3~7.5) 127

7.3 7.4 7.5 C.P.R(Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation) 7.6) ( 128

7.6 ( 7.7~7.8) 7.7 7.8 80~100 15 15 (152) ( 7.9~7.19) 129

7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 130

7.13 7.14 7.15 131

7.16 7.17 7.18 132

7.19 ( - www.doh.gov.tw/lane/health_edu/b1_2.html) 133

1. 2. 3. 4. 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) 2. (1) (2) (3) 1. 2. 20~30 3 4. ( ) 134

1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. ( 7.20) 7.20 ( 7.21) 7.21 ( 7.22) 7.22 135

( 7.23) 7.23 ( 1000 ) () ( ) ( 7.24) 136

7.24 () () ( 7.25) 7.25 () () ( 7.26) 7.26 () ( 7.27) 7.27 137

5 ( 7.28) 7.28 () () () () ( 7.29) 7.29 138

() 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. RICE 1.Rest 2.Icing (24~36 5~10 10~15 20 ) 3.Compression 4.Elevation 1. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 () 139

1. 2. 3. a. b. 10-15 10-15 15 c. d. 140

e. 1 2 3 ( 4 ) 5 6 7 8 30 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 2 3 141

() 1. (Ethanol) 2. (Methanol), 6~30 () CO O2 200 O2 142

( ) ( ) ( 2001) (Plog BA, 1992) ( 1991) 143

X-. 144

7.4 ( 2002) 7.4 CO( ) ( 1993 ) AAAB 145

4% 7% 15% () m n 2-3 ( ) 80 5 1 = E + 4 E ] 4mn [ E + 2 () 5 1 4 ( )= E( ) 4 i= 1 ( 2 )= ( E + 2 E ) 6 1 4 i= 1 A C 146

( ) ( ) () () 147

148 (7.5) ( ) 7.5

304 CO ( ) 90 90 () () 149

() () () () () () () () () 150

() () () () ( 91) 151

() ( ) ( ) ( ) () 152

( 89) (Orientation Training) (On The Job Training) (0ff The Job Training) 1. 2. 153

3. 4. 5. 6. () 154

() 1. 2. 1. 2. 155

156

. 3000 1 157

--- 2 1 30 2 30 45 3 45 A 158

--- ( ) 159

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1. 1 2 3 2. 1 2 3 1. 2. 160

161

- - X 162

( ) 163

. 164

165

( ) ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 166

2. 3. 4. 5. 1. ( ) 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 1~2 167

2. 3. 4. 1. 1. 2. 3. 2 168

169

170

1. MSDS 2. 3. 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 171

172 2. (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (4)

3. (06) (07) (06) (06) (06) (07) (07) (07) 1. (1) ( ) (2) a. b. c. d. e. f. 173

174 2. ( )

3. (1) 敎 02-2397693 (2) 24 2 8 080-066666 07-5371100 07-5371109 07-5371100 06-6572916 78 ext.415 06-6564303 06-6572916 04-2521718 04-2521718 04-2516843 497 ext.355 ext.101 3 02-23117722 02-23117722 02-23810562 41 ext.2870~2878 ext.2467 8 (3) (4) (5) 175 CPR ( ) 1. 1. 1 2. 2

3. 1 4. 5... 5. 2 6. 8 7. 15 8. CPR 3 2. (1) (2) 3 (1) (2) (3) ( ) 1. 2. a. b. c. d. e. (a) 176

(b) (c) 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 2. (1) (2) (3) 1. (1) (2) 2. (1) a. b. c. (2) 177

( CO2 ) 178

179 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) 5. 6. 20% 119

119 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 180

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ). ( ) 15~20 ( ) ( ) ( ) 181

182

() (I) (II) (III) (I) (II)(III) 1. ( 1. ) 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. () () 1. 2. 3. () 1. 2. 3. 183

4. 5. 6. 7. () ( ) () () ( ) 1. (1) 6,000 (2) 6,000 (3) 8.1 8.1 8.2 (4) 184

8.1 6,000 6,000 300 100 75 60 50 150 35 200 150 120 100 75 600 400 300 240 200 300 150 900 600 500 450 400 600 350 3,000 2,400 3,600 4,500 4,500 3,000 ( ) 1,800 ( ) 6,000 ( ) 600 ( ) 3,000 ( ) 50 8.1 185

8.2 ( ) () 1. 2. 8 3. 186

187 () ( ) 10 6 (F.R)= 6 10 () ( ) (S.R)= 10 6 () (1) (2) 1. (3) (4) 2. (5) (1) (2) 1. (6) 3. (3) 2.(1) (2) 4. (1) (2) 5. 3. (3) 6.

188 (4) (1) 4. (2) 7. (1) (2) 8. (3) (4)X 5. (5) 9. () ( ) ( ) 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. (1) 5. (2) 6. (3) 7. 5. (4) 8. 6. 9. 7. 10. 8. 11. 9. 12. 10. 13. 11. () (1) (2) (3) (4) 1. (5)

2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 3. 4. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) () ( ) (root causes) () () 8.2 8.3 8.3 1. 2. 189

190 3. 4. 8.2 () 1. 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. 8.3 () 1. ( )

( ) 2. () () ( 83) 1. 2. 3. 4. () 1. (1) ; (2) 191

192 2. ( 10 ) () 1. (1) (2) (3) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (4) ~ ( ) (5) ( ) ( ) 2. (1) (2)

193 86-01-01 (3) 111 222 211 (4) (5) 6000 ( 90) ( ). 10 http//www.cshm.org.tw/safelab/ 8.4

8.4 194

( ) (Reactive) (Pro-active) ( ) 195

196 (reactive) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15. ( )16. ( ) (close loop) ( ) ( ) 197

1. 2. 3. (Safety Audit) 1. ( 2 ) 2. ( 4 ) 3. ( 9 ) 4. ( 8 ) 5. ( 8 ) 6. ( 5 ) 7. ( 4 ) 8. ( 6 ) 9. ( 2 ) 10. ( 2 ) 198

(behavioral observation) (feedback) 199

Plan-Do-Check-Act-Plan (close loop) () () () () () 8.3 () () 200

() 8.3 ( ) 编 SHIP003 92 9 20 92 9 20 92 20 100 1. 2. 1 92 10 NT$ 1,000 2 92 10 NT$ 60,000 3 92 11 NT$ 3,000 () 201

202

203 (2000) (1995) (1997) (2002) (1991) (2000) http://www.yuntech.edu.tw/~leesh/16-sm.htm 2001 (2002) (2001 5 27 ) http://www.safelab.ncu.edu.tw/document.asp?no=156 2001 2002 - http://192.192.46.133/claweb/claweb.nst/ 2002 - - http://www.doh.gov.tw/lane/health_edu/b1_2.html (1995) (1991) (1991) (1995) (1992) (2001) (2002) (1996) (1998) 12(1)121-128 (2002) 10 (1999) 28/99

204 (2002) pp.6 (2001) (2001) 2002 (2003) (2002a) (2002b) ( ) (1993) 1998 (1996) (2001) 4 (1996) (80) (1998) 1991 (2000) ( ) www.gm.tcu.edu.tw/security/ /.htm (2002) 10 (2002) () (2001) (2001) (2001) 3 (1996)

Anderson, B.(2000). A Guide to the Establishment and Implementation of an Effective Risk Management Program. British Standards Institution. (1999). Occupational health and safety management systems-specification OHSAS 18001. British Standards Institution. (1996). BS 8800 Guide to Occupational health and safety management systems. British Standards Institution. (1999). Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series OHSAS 18001Occupational health and safety management systems Specification. London. CEN/CLC Memorandum No. 9:1994 Guidelines for the inclusion of safety aspects in standards. HSE. (1997). Successful health and safety management HSG 65. 2nd ed. UKHealth & Safety Executive. Plog BA, Beniamin GS, Kerwin MA(1992). Fundimental of Industrial Hygien. 3th, National Safety Council, U.S.A. 205

206

V(14) V(14) V(14) V(15) V(16) V(16) V(47) V(17) V(17) V(18) V(19) V(19) V(48) V(20) V(20) V(49) V(21) V(21) V(50) V(22) V(22) V(23) V(51) V(24) V(52) V(25) V(53) V(26) V(55) V(27) V(72) V(28) V(66) V(29) V(66) V(30) V(31) V(32) V(39) V(33) V(59) V(34) V(44) V(35) V(36) V(37) (>100m 3 ) V(38) V(38) 207

V(45) V(40) V(45) V(41) V(46) V(42) V(65) V(43 ) V(54) V(56) V(61) V(57) V(58) V(60) V(62) V(63) V(64) V(67) V(68) V(69) V(70) V(71) V(72) V(72) V(72) V(72) 1. ( ) V 2. 85 177 186 292 300 313 3. 208

177 14 14 14 15 47 209

178 16 47 17 47 18 ( ) 210

179 19 48 20 ( ) 211

180 49 21 ( ) 50 212

181 22 ( ) 24 52 213

214 ( ) 25 53 54 26 55 27 182

215 ( ) 28 ( ) 29 30 ( ) 31 ( )

183 32 () () () () () () () () () () () () 33 34 216

184 35 44 36 37 38 ( ) () 217

185 () () () () () () () () () 39 40 218

186 41 45 57 219

220 58 56 59 187

188 60 61 63 64 66 67 72 221

( () () ) 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 40 1 2 3 0.5 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 1 50 2 3 222

( () () ) 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 223

1.1 1. 2. 3. 4. 20 1.2 1. 2. 1.3 1. 2.1 2. 3. 56 60 15cm 1.4 (1. ( ) 2. 100cm 3. 80cm ) 4. 2 5. ( ) 1.5 (1. ( 75cm ) ) (12mm ) 2. 30 15 1.6 1. 2. 3. 1.7 1. 2. 16.5cm 3. 4. 60cm 224

2.1 1. 2. 3. 4. 2m 2.2 1. 2. 3. 2.3 1. 2. ( ) 2.4 1. 2. 2.5 1. 2. 3.1 1. 2. 3. 0.25m 4. 3.2 1. 2. 3. 3.3 1. 4.1 1. 2. 4.2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 225

4.3 1. (1.5 ) 2. 10 5.1 1. 2. 3. 4. MSDS 5. 5.2 1. 2. MSDS 3. 4. 5. 6.1 1. 6.2 1. 6.3 1. 6.4 1. 2. 6.5 1. 2. 6.6 1. 6.7 1. 6.8 1. 6.9 1. 6.10 1. 7.1 1. 226

7.2 1. 7.3 1. 227

1. (1) (2) (2) (3) (4) (4) (5) (5) (6) (6) (7) (7) 2. (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) 3. (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) 4. (1) (2) (3) (4) 5. (1) (2) (3) (3) (4) (5) (4) (5) 228

6. (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4) (5) (5) (6) (6) 229

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1. b b b b b b b b b b b b 2. b b b b 3. b b b b b b b b b b b b 4. b b b b b b b b b b b b 5. b b b b b b b b b b b b 6. b b b b b b b b b b b b 230

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 7. 12 b 8. b b b b b b b b b b b b 9. b 10. b b b b 1. b b b b (4 10 ) 2. b 231

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3. b b 4. b 5. b 6. b 1. b b b b b b b b b b b b 2. b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b 232

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1. b b b b 2. b b b b b b b b b b b b 3. b 4. b b b b b b b b b b b b 5. b b b b b b b b b b b b 6. b b b b b b b b b b b b 7.b b b b 8. b b b b b b b b b b b b 9. 10. b b 233

11. b b b b b b b b b b b b 12. b 13. 14. b 15. b 16. b 17. ( b ) 18. b b b b b b b b b b b b 19. b 1. b b b b b b b b b b b b b 234

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2. b b b b b b b b b b b b 1. b 2. 3. b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b 1. b b b b b b b b b b b b 2. b 235

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3. b b b b b b b b b b b b 4. b b b b b b b b b b b b 5. b b b b b b b b b b b b 1. b 2. b b b b b b b b b b b b 236

10 1 25cm 2 3 50cm 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0.1M 237

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 238

1 2 3 ( ) 4 ( ) 5 6 ( ) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 315 16 17 18 10 19 20 21 22 23 239

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 240

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 241

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 242

243 () ( ) ( ) A ( ) 0900 1030 A 1030 1040 1040 1200 A 13:30 15:00 A 1500 1510 1510 1630 A

( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 90) 36 244

( ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ( V) ( ) ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 V) 245

( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 V) ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 V) ( V) 246 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 247

o oo O54 O55 O51 O52 O53 O41 O42 O43 O44 O32 O33 O21 O22 O23 O24 O25 248

( ) 1( ) 2 ( ) 3( ) 4( ) 5 ( ) 6( ) 7( ) 8 ( ) 9( ) 10( ) 11 ( ) 12( ) 249

( ) ( ) 1. ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 2. ( )( ) ( )( ) 3. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4. ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 5. ( )( ) ( )( ) 6.( ) ( ) ( )( ) 7. ( )( ) ( )( ) 8. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 6. 250

1-10 ( ) 11-14 15-18 19-25 ( ) ( ) (1) (2) (3) (4) 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 (5) (6) 46-52 53-60 (7) 61-63 ( ) 11-14 15-20 21-22 23-26 10 20 30 40 251

( ) 252

1-10 11-16 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-24 25-27 28-29 30-33 34-35 36-41 42-51 253

254

() ˇ 2 1 0 / 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 255

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. ( ) 256

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 257

1. 2. 3. 24 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 1. 2.. A.85100 B.7084 C.55 69 D.4054 E.039 258