20 ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 205 :,1999,574
2005 6 20 80,10,,,,, 20,10,,,,,,,,,,, 20,,:, :,1991 ;:,:, 1997,3 24 ;:, :,47 69 ;:, 1996 3 80, 1996 3 206
20,,,, 1985 8,,,, 1985 11,,,,,, 1986 6,,:,1991 ;:,1993 ; :,1994 ; :, 1997 ; :,1997,,2002, :,1991 ;:, 1991,,: (,,1988 ) ;: (,,1988 ) ;: (,,1991 ) ;: (,,1992 ) ;: (,,2004 ) ;: (1854 1950 ) (,,2005 ), 207
2005 6,,,,1988 1990 1995,,,,,, :,,,6, 1853,,1865, 1873,,,, 1949, 6 ;, ;, 20,, 208
20, (1988 ) ; :1861 1910 ( 1992 ) ; (1874 1907) (1 9, 1990 1996 ) ; ( 1997 ) ;: (2001 ) ; (1 3,2003 ) ;, ( 2003 ) ; : (2004 ), 6, 20 : :,9,, 1970 ;:,1996 ;:,:,, 1996,349 366 ;:,:,25 30 ; :, 2002 2 ;:, : 4, 2003,384 411 ;:, 2003 3 ; :, 2005 3 209
2005 6 (1882 1931) ( 1985 ) ; (1986 ) ; (1986 ) ; (1876 1949) ( 1987 ) ; (1990 ) ; (1991 ) ; (1992 ) ; ( 1993 ) ; 1854 1898 ( 1993 ) ; (1996 ) ; ( 1997 ) ; (1887 1946) (1998 ) ; (2002 ), :1859 1949 (170, 2001 ),1859 1948,,, (,1982 210
20 ) ; (1987 ) ; (1987 ) ; (1989 ) ; (1991 ) ; ( 1991 ) ; ( ) (1993 ) ; (1993 ) ; ; ( ) (1999 ) ; (2004 ) ; ( 2005 ),,Jean Aitcheson, The Chi nese M ariti me Customs Service i n the T ransition f rom the Ch i ng to the N ationalist Era : A n Ex am2 i nation of t he Relationshi p bet w een a Western2style Fiscal I nstit u2 tion and Chi nese Government i n the Period bef ore the M anchurian Inci dent ( Ph. D. Dissertation, Modern History : London, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1983) ; : ( 1989 ) ; John King Fairbank, Martha Henderson Coolidge, Richard Joseph Smith, H. B Morse : Customs Com m is2 sion and Historian of Chi na (Lexington : University Press of Ken2 tucky,1995) ; : ( 1999 ) ;Atkins Martyr. Inf orm al Em pi re i n Crisis : B ritish Diplo2 m acy and the Chi nese Customs S uccession : 1927 1929 ( Ithaca, N. Y : East Asia Program of Cornell U niversity, 1995) ; L yons, Thom as P : Chi na M ariti me Customs and Chi na s T rade S tatis2 211
2005 6 tics, 1859 1948 ( Trumansburg, N. Y: Willow Creek Press, 2003),20,,,,,???, 80,,, ;,,,,,,, :,,2002,2 3 : (1840 1874), 1980 1 ; (1875 1901), 1980 2 ;, 1980 5 ;, 1987 2 ;, 1991 2 212
20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 1981 3 ;, 1983 3 :, 1992,12 :, 1995 5 :, 1990 2 ;:, 1998 1 ;:, 1999 3 :, 1991 1 ;, 1992 3 ; :, 2000 4 213
2005 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 1995 1 :, 1991 3 :,(, 1990 ) :,(,1990 ) : :, 1994 3 ;:?, 1996 1 214
20,,,, ; ;, :, 2003 3 :, 2005 1 :, 1987 2 ;, 1988 2 ;, 1990 1 :1929 1934, 1986 1 ; :, 1993 2 ;:1929, 1995 4 ;:, 1995 3 ; :1927 1937, 1999 4 ; :30, 2001 3 ;:, 2003 2 : 1933 1934, 2000 3 ;:, 2002 2 ;:, 2002 2 ;: 1925 1926, 2003 4 : 1929 1934, 2000 2 215
2005 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,2004 :, 2004 2 ;, 2004 2 ;, 2004 1 :, 1989 4 ;, 1991 2 ;, 1992 4 ;, 1997 4 : 216
20,,,,,,,,,,,, 19 20, 35,,, :,, 1997 ;: (1937 1945),2002 :, 1987 2 ;:, 1988 2 ;:, 1995 4 ;:1949, 1994 5 ;:, 2001 1 :, 1982 4 ;:, 1985 2 ;:, 1998 2 ;:, 2002 2 :,,2004,275 283 ;:, 2004 4 :, 2001 10 ; :, 2003 4 217
2005 6,,,;,,,,,,, 1885 8 26, :,,,,,, :, 1998 3 ( 2002 ) :, 1994 5 ;:, 1996 1 ;:, 1996 5 ; :, 1999 5 ;:, 1999 2 ;:, 2000 6 ; :, 2002 John K. Frank, Katherine F. Bruner, and Elizabeth M. Matheson (eds. ), The I. G. in Peking : Letters of Robert Hart Chinese M ariti me Customs 1868 1907 ( Cam2 bridge, Mass. and London, 1975), Vol. 1, p. 619. 218
20,, 20 80,, 80,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 1993,8 9 :, 1986 6 :, 1991 2 219
2005 6,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, :,,?,,,, : :1875 1879, :, 2005,1 24 :, 1993 1 :, 1996 12 :, 1989 3 ; :, 1989 6 ;:, 1995 5 :,:, 281 290 220
20,,, ;,,,,,,, ;20 20,,,,,,,, :, 1987 6 :, 1987 1 :, 1989 5 :, 2000 3 ;, ( ) 141,2001 2 ; :20, 2001 3 ; :, 2003 4 221
2005 6,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, :, 1996 3 :, 2002 1 ; :, 1991 1 ; :, 1983 3 :, 1999 2 ; :, 2000 1 :1878, 2003 2 ;: 1873, 2004 4 ;:,,257 296 :,256 222
20,,,,, 1927 1929,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,2000, : (1800 1911 ),1993 :,196 Atkins Martyn, Inf ormal Em pire in Crisis : B ritish Diplomacy and the Chinese Cus2 toms S uccession : 1927 1929 ( Ithaca, N. Y: East Asia Program of Cornell Universi2 ty, 1995). :,1987 :,292 223
2005 6,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 2, 1986 1987 ) (1990 ),,, 1919 1924 :,,1990 :, 1998 3 ; :, 1999 1 ; :, 1999 4 ;:, 2000 5 ; :, 2000 1 :1919 1924, 1981 ;:, 1993 1 ;:, 1994 1 224
20,,, (J uliet Bredon, S i r Robert Hart,London, Hutchison & Co. 1909 ) ( R. R. Campbell, James Duncan Cam pbell A Memory by His Son, Cambridge, 1970. ) H. B Morse : Customs Com mission and Historian of China,, ;, 80 5,1863,1908,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, :3,416 424,: 21,,1971,2203 225
2005 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1986 ),,,,,,,, :435, 1977,12364 :2,,2 4 :,,1 2 The I. G. In Peking : Letters of Robert Hart Chinese M ariti me Customs 1868 1907, Vol. 1. :,, 1990,13 226
20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2003 9 : :, 1989 3 ;,1990 : :,2000 ::,2003 :, 1989 3 ;:, 1989 3 ;:, 1991 3 ;:, 1991 1 ;:, 1991 4 ;:, 1996 5 ; :, 2004 6 ;: :,,25 45 227
2005 6,,,,19 ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, : (,2004 ) Byrne Eugene, The Dismissal of Sir Francis A glen as Inspector of the Chinese Mar2 iti me Customs Service, 1927 (Leeds :Leeds East Asia Paper, 1995) ;:, 24,,1995 ;:, :,497 516 ;:, 1989 6 ;:, 1989 2 ;:, 1990 1 ;:, 1991 1 ;:, 1996 2 ;:, 1998 6 ;:, 1999 4 :,2005 228
20,,,,,,,, : (1854 1950 ) (,, 2005 ) :, 2002 2 ;, 2004 2 :, 1995 5 ;:, 2000 6 ;:, 2001 2 :, 1995 2 ;:, 1997 1 ;:, 1997 1 ;:, 1998 5 ; :, 2000 3 ;:, 2002 2,, :, 1994,350 379 ;, 2003 2 ;, 2003 4 229
2005 6,,,, (1861 1911) (,1977 ) (1867 1931) (, 1981 ) (, 1982 ) (,1983 ) (1867 1919) (, 1990 ) 1877 1937 ( 20,,1991 ) ( 33 2,1995 ) (, 1997 ) (, 2002 ),,,, ;, ;,, :,, 1986,869 924 230
20 ;,,,,, 1888 11,, 20 20,,,,,, : : :,(,1990 ) :, (,1990 ) : : 231
2005 6,,,,,,,,,,, 20,,20,,,,,,,,20, : :, 1991 2 :,:, 171 182 ;:, :,183 204 ;:, 1999 6 ;:, 1999 3 ;: :, 2001 4 ;:, 2002 6 ;: (1891 1911) (,,2003 ) 232
20 1.,,,,,,,, :,,,??,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,??,???,, 3. 233
2005 6,,,,, 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 361005 : 234