1 He2+ 4 2
2.1 SI C SI kg * u ** e -1.6022 10-19 -1 9.1096 10-31 0.00055 p +1.6022 10-19 +1 1.6726 10-27 1.0073 n 0 1.6749 10-27 1.0087 H 1.673 10-27 1.008 * 1 ** u 12 C=12.000000 1u=1.6605 10-27 kg 2.2 1 10 36 2 10 37 10-18 10 29 10-15
4 8 12 16 4 He Be C O 20 24 NeMg - 10 12 6 10 14 Li BN - 3 5 7 2 4 6 8
235 1 144 89 1 ( 1) U + n Ba + Kr + 3 n 92 0 56 235 1 140 94 1 ( 2) 92 U + 0 n 54 Xe + 38 Sr + 20n 235 1 137 96 1 ( 3) U + n Te + Zr + 3 n 92 0 52 235 1 133 99 1 ( 4) U + n Sb + Nb + 4 n 92 0 51 36 40 41 0 0 0
( 1) 133 Cs( ) 55 529. ( 2) 99 41 133 51 Sb Te I Xe T 1/ 2 133 52 133 53 133 54 = 2. 7 125. 21 99 99 99 Sb Mo Tc Ru( ) T 1/ 2 42 5 = 14 66. 02 2. 1310 43 43 m Tc 99 235 1 137 97 1 92 U + 0 n 56 Ba + 36 Kr + 20n + E E = 0.2080 27 16605. 10 2.997910 8 2 13 16022. 10 44
2.3-235 MeV 168 5 5 7 6 10 200
3.1 1993 12 MW GWh 20 22529 1762961 20 56 60357 3395919 60 29 14090 1305690 30 48 39641 2500910 54 22 16713 1118343 22 29 21242 - - - 35 12 10386 889258 12 109 104809 7938413 115 9 7400 550212 9 9 2035 87892 14 2 1250 - - - 3 6 5144 373600 6
3 D + DHe + n + 3.27MeV 3 4 D + HeHe + p + 18.35MeV D + DT + p + 4.03MeV 4 D + THe + n + 17.59 MeV 2 3 D H T 1 1
20 3 nt = 10 s / m DT 8 T = 10 K 22 3 nt = 10 s / m DD 9 T = 10 K
4.1 K Na Ca MgFe Co Ni Zn I F Mn Mo Sn Se Cu Cr V Sr As Cd Hg Pb Cr Li Rb Cs Ba Al Sc Zr Ti As Hf Nb Ta Sb Te W Re Ga Ge U Th
d K [S o ] d d d
4.2 % Cu Sn Pb Fe S As 80.3 18.8 0.4 0.4 83.1 15.2 0.8 0.8 73.9 22.8 1.4 1.8 68.2 29.1 0.9 1.2 0.5 57.2 29.6 8.7 3.4 0.9 41.5 42.6 6.1 3.7 5.9
5.1 CAS t 1 2 MeV Bqm mol* % t 1 2 d 14 C [14762-75-5] 5.73 10 3 a 2.3810 10 0.156-100 14 N 10 3 H [10028-17-8] 12.3a 1.110 12 0.018-100 3 He 12 35 S [15117-53-0] 86.7d 5.210 13 0.17-100 35 Cl 90 32 p [14596-37-3] 14.3d 3.610 14 1.70-100 32 S 257 125 I [14158-31-7] 60.2d 7.8610 13 0.03-90 125 Te 138 0.027X 1 Ci =3.710 10 Bq 1Bq=1 / 0.035 7
14 CO + RMgX 2 14 R COOMgX
H2O + ADP + H3PO 4 + NADP + 1 O 2 + ATP + NADPH 2
DNA RNA
5.2 n T 1/2 24 Na 14.659h 23Na n 24Na 51 Cr 27.7d 50Cr n 51Cr 55 Fe 2.7a 54Fe n 55Fe 59 Fe 44.6d 58Fe n 59Fe 99 Mo 66.02h 98Mo n 99Mo 125 124 125 EC 125 I 60.2d Xe n I 131 130 131 IT I 8.04d Te n Tem 131-131 Te I 133 Xe 5.25d 132 Xe n 133Xe 153 Sm 46.8h 152 Sm n 153Sm 198 Au 2.696d 197 Au n 198Au 203 Hg 46.8d 202 Hg n 203Hg 5.3 T 1 2 11 C 20.38min + 10 B d n 11 C 11 B d 2n 11 C 14 N p 11 C 13 N 9.96min + 12 C d n 13 N 10 B n 13 N 15 O 122 s + 14 N d n 15 O 18 F 109.8min + 18 O p n 18 F 16 O 3 He p 18 F 22 Na 2.602a + EC 24 Mg d 22 Na 52 Fe 8.27h + EC 50 Cr 2n 52 Fe 52 Cr 4n 52 Fe 57 Co 271.77d EC 56 Fe d n 57 Co
T 1 2 67 Ga 78.3h EC 66Zn d n 67 Ga Zn p n 67 Ga Zn p 2n 67 Ga 68 Ge 288d EC 68 Ga 68.1min + EC 69 Ga p 2n 68 Ge 66 Zn 2n 68 Ge 68 EC 68 Ge Ge 111 In 2.83d EC 109 Ag 2n 111 In 111 Cd p n 111 In 123 I 13.0h EC 124 Te p 2n 123 I 121 Sb 2n 123 EC I 127 I p 5n 123 Xe 123I 124 Xe p pn 123 Xe 123 + I 201 Tl 74h EC Hg d xn 201 pb 201 Tl 203 Tl p 3n 201 Pb 20l Tl
99 2- - 99 MoO 4 + 2R + R 99MoO 2 4 R + + R TcmO - 4
5.4 DNA 125 I-IUdR 5--2-131 I- 131 I 125 I -MIBG 32 P- 131 I- 80Br 186 Re V -DMSA 131 I- 131 I-CEA 131 I-B72.3 131 I-HMFG1+2 131 I 90Y OC125 131 I-Lym-I 131 I 90Y - 131 I-P97 131 I-3F8 UJ31A 32 P-
89 Sr 85 Sr - 186 Re-Sn-HEDP 153 Sm-EDTMP 153 Sn-BDP3 - - 4-90 Y-cit EDTMP 113 Inm-A31 I- 32 P- 90 Y- 90 Y- 32 P 90 Y 186 Re - 32 P- 198 Au 32 P - 131 I- 90 Y - 198 Au- 90 Y-cit 165 Dy-FHMA 186 Re- 169 Er-cit
6.1 1.17 1.33 MeV 0.2 10 MeV 1.48kW 3.7pBq 1.5 400kW unit 10kGy h 10kGy s 43cm 0.35cm MeV 40 10 90 12.3
HEaq
Gy 1Gy=1J/kg 1 1 1kGy=1kJ/kg
L I -W( + + + n = e = e ( 1 + + + 1 2 n n I 0 S -W( + + + - L n = e = e ( 1 + 2 + + n 1 2 n S 0
D = d ε dm
µ - CT = µ 1000 H µ
8.1 1992 942 1945-1962 212 715 1949-1962 214 44 1952 1958 21 210 1960 1974 50 38 1964 1980 23 1 0 1945.7.16 1952.10.31 1951.11.29 1949.8.29 1953.8.12 1961.10.11 1952.10.3 1957.5.15 1962.3.1 1960.2.13 1968.8.24 1961.11.7 1964.10.16 1966.12.28 1969.9.23 1974.5.18