----------------------------------------------------------1 1.1 -------------------------------------------------------------1 1.2 ----------------------------------2 ----------------------------------------------------------3 2.1 ----------------------------------------------3 2.1.1 -----------------------------------------------3 2.1.2 ---------------------------------------7 2.2 --------------------------12 2.2.1 ---------------------------------------12 2.2.2 --------------------------------------14 2.3 ---------------------------------------35 2.3.1 ----------------------35 2.3.2 ----------------------39 -----------------------------44 3.1 -------------------------------44 3.1.1 ------------------------------------44 3.1.2 ------------------------------46 3.1.3 ---------------------------------47 3.2 -------------------------------------51 3.2.1 ----------------------------------------52 3.2.2 -------------------------------------54 3.2.3 ----------------------------------------------------56 3.2.4 ----------------------------------------64 3.2.5 -------------------------74 3.2.6 -------------------------------------77 3.2.7 ----------------------------------------85
--------------------------------------------------------------89 ----------------------------------------91 ------------------------------------------------------------------92 1 -----------------------------------------------------93 2 -----------------------------------------104 3 ------ ---------------110 ---------------- 4 ---------------------------115 5 ------------------- -------------------------120 6 ----------------------------------------137 7 ------------------- -------------------------151 8 ------------------------------164
2.1 ---------------------- ------4 2.2 ---------------- ---------------------5 2.3 ------------------------------8 2.4 ---------------------------------------9 2.5 --------------------------------------------10 2.6 --------------------------------------11 3.1 ----------------------------------45 3.2 -----------------48 3.3 -----------------57 2.1 ---------------------------------- 40 3.1 ---------------------49 3.2 ------------81
1.1 51,668 33 90 91 1
1.2 2
2.1 2.1.1 7,500 95% 2,300 28 18% 5,500 1999 141.8 / 74% (64%) (15%) (11) (5%) 2002 200 2~5 3
2.1 4
2 2.2 5
1998 2002 7,547 5,800 ( ) 280 290 ( ) 5,695 (8.8%) ( ) 145.6 (13%) 9,000 (10.56%) 200.0 (15.55%) (%) 26 20 (%) 74 80 1996 6,652,054 582,928 8.76% 1997 7,063,363 604,358 8.56% 1998 7,253,660 590,156 8.14% 1999 7,500,717 550,595 7.34% 2000 8,489,203 554,748 6.53% 2001 7,563,654 485,946 5.72% 6
60 4. 28 120 2.1.2 () 2.3 3 1 7
300 2.3 2.4 3 8
2.4 9
2.5 2.5 10
2.6 3 1 100~130 2.6 11
2.2 2.2.1 12
13
2.2.2 / 14
() () () () 15
3kg/cm 2 () () 16
() () () 17
39 18
() () () 1. 2. () () 19
47 20
() () 1. 2. (1) ( ) (2) () 1. 2. () () () 21
7 PAC PAC B C D C D 22
() () A () 1. 2. () () () () () 23
35 39 1 24 13 18n 15t 100w 24
() () 1. 2. () 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. () 25
() () () ( ) () 26
24 1 27
() () () () 28
28 1 2 48 44 X 29
Y AZ () () () () () () () () () () 30
() () 31
() () () () ( ) 32
39 () () 1. 2. 3. () 1. 2. 33
() () () () ( ) 34
2.3 2.3.1 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2. 1 2 3 5 2 4 100 10 5 6 7 35
1. 1 2 2. 1 2 70 1. 1 2 2. (1) (2) 36
() 1. (1) (2) 2. (1) (2) () 1. (1) 2. (1) ON OFF () 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 37
2. 1 2 () 1. (1) (2) 2. (1) 11.4KV 38
(2) (3) () 1. (1) (11.4KV)400KVA 2. (1) (2) 75 (3) 2.3.2 2.1 39
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. / 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. / 6. 7. 40
1. 2. 3. 4. 5., 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5., 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 41
6. 7. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1., 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 1. 2. 42
3. 4. 5. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 43
3.1 ; ; 3.1.1 ; Plan() Do( )Check() Action() P-D-C-A 44
PDCA(Plan-Do-Check-Action) OHSAS 18001 3.1 ACTION PLAN DO CHECK 3.1 45
7 3.1.2 (WTO) 46
3.1.3 () 1. 2. 3. / 4. () (= ) / 47
/ ( ) // 48
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. () 1. PDCA 2. 3. 4. 3.1 49
3.1 3 H 1. 6 H 2. 3. 3 H 3 H 4. 3 H 5. 6 H 6. 3 H 7. 3 H 8. () / / 50
() 3.2 Act PDCA 51
PDCA 3.2.1 () () 1. 52
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. S 53
3.2.2 () 1 2 3 4 P-D-C-A () 1. 2. HAZOPFMEA FTA 3. 4. 54
5. 6. 7. 8. 1 2 3 55
3.2.3 () 3.3 () 1. 2. 3. 4. 56
57
5. 6. 7. 8. ( ) 9. (1) ( ) (2) ( ) 58
(3) ( ) (4)( (5) ( ) 10. / / / ( ) 11. 12. 13. 14. / / / ( 59
) 15. 60
() 1. 2. A. B. 61
C. D. i. ii 62
iii 63
3.2.4 () 64
() 1. 2.( ) 3. ( ) 4 4.( ) 5. 5 6. (85 ) 7. ( ) 8. 9. 6 10. 65
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 3 4 5 6 66
() 67
1. 2. 3. 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2 4 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 ( ) 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5. 5.1 5.2 6. 68
i i ( ) i i / i ( 8 ) i ( ) 10 10 10 ( ) 20 ( ) ( ) 5 () 69
/ ( ) 10 1. % 2. % 3. % 4. % ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) 70
i i ( ) i i i ( 8 ) i ( ) 24 ( ) () ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) /CPR 71
/ ( ) O2 H 2 S CO O2 H 2 S CO O2 H 2 S CO % ppm ppm ppm % ppm ppm ppm % ppm ppm ppm % % % ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 72
73
3.2.5 () () 74
1. 7 2., 3. 4. : 5. 6., 6 7. 8 8., 9. 10. 11. 12. 75
, () 7 8 76
3.2.6 () () 77
2. 3. (1) (2) (3) (4) 4. (1) (2) (3) (4) 5. (Proactive) (Reactive) 6. 78
7. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 8. 9. 10. (1) (2) (3) (4) 11. 12. 79
13. (1) (2) (3) (OHSAS 18001 ) (4) (5) (6) (7) 14. 15. 16. 80
3.2 1.1. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 7. 10. 8. 11. 9. 12. 10. 13. 11. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 81
() / (38-09-16-002) (01-05-02) (01-01-0101-17-01) (38-09-16-003) (01-14-01) (32-11-02-10) (38-09-16-001/004/0 05) 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 82
1. 1 2 a b c d e 3 2. 83
1 2 84
3.2.7 () PDCA PDCA 2000 () 85
( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. () 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.( ) 17. 18. 19. 86
() xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 1. 2. (1) 90 4 18~19 12 (2) 90 8 21 8 (3) 90 10 22~23 15 3. xx xx xx xx 4. (1) 87
(2) 15 5. 6. A. 7. 88
BS8800 OHSAS 18001 89
90
http://www.cis-safety-inf.org.cn/ 91
1. 2001 2. 1999 3. 2001 4. 2002.12.18 5. 2 6. 7. 2 8. 2002.04.25 9. 2002.12.12 10. 2002.10.30 11. 1995.06.30 12. 2000.12.27 13. 2001.12.31 14. 1998.06.30 15. 1998.03.25 16. 1 17. 1999 18. 2000 19. 20. 2000 92
1 : API FMEAHAZOPJSA 750 What-if (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMEA) (Hazard and Operability Study, HazOp) (Fault Tree Analysis) 93
ERPG-3 IDLH 38(100) /.. 1 (Proactive) (Reactive) : 94
1 / 1 95
1 xx xx / B01 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 xxx xxx 96
2 xx xx / (( / ) B03 B0301 P4 C 4 B0302 B0303 B0304 B0305 B0306 B0307 B0308 85dB P2 P4 B 2 B 3 P3 C 4 P3 C 4 P3 B 3 P3 C 4 P4 B 3 xxx xxx 97
3 1. 11. 2. 12. 3. 13. 4. 14. 5. 15. 6. 16. 7. 17. 8. 18. 9. 19. 10. 4 P1 5 / P2 1~4 / PM P3 5 1 1 1 P4 10 1 5 1 P5 10 1 / 98
5 ( ) A NT 500 1 B NT 3 100~500 / 1 ~1 C ( NT 1 50~100 ) ~3 D NT 10~50 ~1 E NT 10 6 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 A 1 1 2 3 3 B 1 2 3 3 4 C 2 3 4 4 5 D 3 4 4 4 5 E 4 5 5 5 5 99
7 ( ) 2-4 5 3-4- 5-100
8 / / / / B0308 ( / ) xx 91.09.30 4 A0205 xx 91.12.31 4 B0302 xx 91.12.31 4 100% B0306 xx 91.11.20 4 C0502 xx 91.11.20 4 xxx xxx xxx xxx 101
9. 9001 90 x x xxx xxx xxx 1. 2. 1 90.7.20 2 90.7.31 3 90.8.31 4 90 5 90.10.31 1. v 2. 50,000 3. 20,000 4. 5. v 6. 7. 70,000 102
.10 9001 xxx xxx 2. 3. / 103
2 ( CD ) N Y /SOP N Y 104
1. 1 2 1 3 4 2. 2 3. 1 3 2 3 NO 1 1 V 2 V 3 V 4 V 5 V 6 V 7 V 8 V 9 V 10 V 11 V 12 V 105
NO 13 V 14 V 15 V 16 V 17 V 18 V 19 V 20 V 21 V 22 V 23 V 24 V 25 V 26 V 27 V 28 V 29 V 30 V 31 V 32 V 33 V 106
NO 34 V 35 V 36 V 37 V 38 V 39 V 40 V 41 V 42 V 43 V 44 V 107
2 / 1 N O 108
3 A7 xx 90.8.15 90.9.05 xx xx AX10 A7 xx 90.8.15 90.9.05 xx AX11 A12 xx 90.8.30 90.9.05 xx AX21,22 A23 xx 90.8.15 90.9.05 xx
3. 0.03 110
111
112
113
114
4 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) ( ) (7) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ) 2. (1) : A. B. C. D. 115
(2) : A.( ) B. C. D. E. 3. 58 (1) (2) 2.8 5T(5 ) (3) (4) ( 116
) A. B. C. A. ( ) B. CNS2930 C. D. E. F. CNS2930() (1) (2) A. B. C. 117
D. 4. 1 ( 0.25 1 ) 1 2 3 5. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 118
(6) 119
5 CGTDC 01/5 835 12 86 7 24 1. 81 12 28 2. 3. 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2 120
CGTDC 02/5 835 12 3.2.1 86 7 24 (1) (2) A. B. C. D. E. (3) A. B. C. D. (4) (3) 3.2.2 (1) A. B. C. D. 121
CGTDC 03/5 835 12 E. F. G. H. I. J. 86 7 24 (2) (3) A. B. C. D. (4) (5) 3.2.3 (1) A. 122
CGTDC 04/5 835 12 B. C. D. 86 7 24 E. F. (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 3.2.4 (1) (2) A. B. C. D. E. 123
CGTDC 05/5 835 12 86 7 24 F. (3) (4) 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4.1. 4.4.2 4.4.3 5 5.1 5.2 124
XX XX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ( ) ( ) 125
() 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 126
XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX 127
128
129
130
131
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 1.4. 2. 5. 3. 6. 132
133
C U 134
( ) 1. 2.MSDS 3. 4. 2.1 2.2 2.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.2 6.1 1. 2. 2. 2. 4. 3. 1. 3. 1. 3. 1. 2. 135
( ) XX XX 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 136
6 137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
7 151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
/ / 159
160
161
162
163
8 1. 2. 3. 4. 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 4.1.6.1 4.1.6.2 4.1.7 4.1.8 164
165
166
6.6.4 6.6.5 6.6.6 6.6.7 6.6.8 6.7 6.7.1 6.7.2 6.8 7. 8. 8.1 167
1 2 3 4 5 6 168
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