Thesis The Relationship between State and Industry in Taiwan Chan Meng - Chiao
Evans Weiss TFT - TFT-
A b s t r a c t The rapid development of states in East Asia attracts scholars to discuss the effect of the state in economy from different points of view. Neo- c l a s s i c a l e c o n o m i c theory claims that the role of the state is secondary and market mechanism is the m a j o r e n g i n e t o d r i v e e c o n o m y. T r a d i t i o n a l s t a t e - c e n t e r e d t h e o r y t h i n k s t h a t neo- classical economic theory neglects the importance of the state and claims that industrial policies of the state are the reason of the rapid growth in East Asia. However separation between the state and the society leads to simplifications and l i m i t s o f t r a d i t i o n a l s t a t e - c e n t e r e d t h e o r y. A f t e r s t a t e s i n E a s t A s i a a p p l y t h e democratization and freedom of the economy, Evans and Weiss s policy network theory becomes the main stream to explain the development of the states in East Asia. In the past, the relative studies about the development of industry in Taiwan were scarce. Few people concerned about the relationship between states and industries. Based on the interaction of states and industries, this thesis discusses how the policy of the state influences the development of industry in Taiwan. The results shows that the state is passive and lets the companies compete freely in the market in the beginning of industry. In the 90 s, the state turns to be positive and intends to lead the development of TFT- industry. However to integrate the demo cratization and opinions of companies is difficult. The companies are hard to acquire the important technology they need and the economy is in the depression in that time. These factors cause industry unable to develop well. The financial crisis in 1997 and Korea entering the market force the companies of Taiwan to cooperate with the ones of Japan and start to produce the large size TFT-. The state turns to focus on the establishment of the industrial environment. In the efforts of the state and the companies in industry, the industry expands quickly and industrial structure is gradually close to complete. In the recent years, Taiwan already has become second best state in the production. However it does not mean that Taiwan has already stood firm. The inflow of huge sum capital and the establishment of intellectual property are topics urgent to be solved. Finally to maintain the close interaction of states and industries contributes to the development of industry.
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Personal Digital AssistantP D A Notebook N B Liquid Crystal Display 1 2 3 TFT- L C D T F T- 4 TFT- L C D 1 2 3 TN- 4 1990 11 16 CIS 1 9 9 2 TFT- 2001 10 1 1
5 TFT- TFT- TFT- T F T- TFT- 6 40.5 26.1 33.5 34.3 7 TFT- TFT- L C D L C D 2003 173 5 2 0 0 3 173 6 TFT- 49.5 36.8 13.7 2005 TFT- 4 2003 10 44-50 7 2005 TFT- 4 2003 10 46 2
8 9 8 10 9 2000 1 97-105 3
IC IC IC IC 2001 IC 1 0 1 0 2003 279 4
1 1 1 2 F P D P l a s m a D i s p l a y P a n e lp D P L C D 5
2001 TFT- T F T- TFT- 1 TFT- 2 TFT- P C TFT- TFT- TFT- T F T- 2002 6
TFT- 1 2 3 TFT- 2001 Porter 1995 2001 1999 Porter 1 3 1 3 6 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2000 (2000) 1 4 Porter 1 4 9
rent- seeking property rights structure 1 5 1 6 autonomy (capacity) 1 7 1 5 F i s h l o w A l b e r e t Latin American Economic Performance and Policy Economic Liberalization : No Panacea. Edited by Tariq Banuri. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991). pp164-5 1 6 W e i s s L i n d a & H o b s o n J o h n, States and Economic Development (Cambridge MA: Polity Press, 1995). pp140-1 1 7 Skocpol T. B r i n g i n g t h e S t a t e B a c k I n : S t r a t e g i e s o f A n a l y s i s i n C u r r e n t R e s e a r c h Bringing the State Back In. Edited by Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, T. Skocpol.( New York: Cambridge University Press,1985).p.9 10
1 8 R. Wade Governing the Market 1 9 2 0 Peter Evans embedded autonomylinda Weiss governed interdependence Evans 2 1 Weiss i n s u l a t i o n c o n n e c t e d n e s s 2 2 1 8 Ibid. p.7 1 9 W a d e R o b e r t Governing the Market: Economic Theory and The Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990) 2 0 Chu Yun-H a n S t a t e S t r u c t u r e a n d E c o n o m i c A d j u s t m e n t o f t h e E a s t A s i a n N e w l y I n d u s t r i a l i z i n g C o u n t r i e s International Organization Vol.43, no.4 (1989) pp647-72 2 1 E v a n s P e t e r Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation ( P r i n c e t o n NJ: P r i n c e t o n University 1995) 2 2 W e i s s L i n d a, G o v e r n e d I n t e r d e p e n d e n c e : R e t h i n k i n g t h e G o v e r n m e n t - B u s i n e s s R e l a t i o n s h i p i n E a s t A s i a, The Pacific Review,Vol.8 No.41995pp.589-616 11
1-1 12
13
14
TFT- T F T- TFT- T F T- TFT- 15
TFT- TFT- PIDA TTLA TDMDA 16
17
(neo- classical economics) s t a t i s m P. Evans embedded autonomy L. Weiss governed interdependence Pareto Optimum 19
F i s h l o w 1 rent - seeking m i s a l l o c a t i o n surplus property rights structure inefficient 1 F i s h l o w A l b e r e t, Latin American Ec onomic Performance and Policy Economic Liberalization : No Panacea, edited by Tariq Banuri. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991). pp164-5. 20
alive well 2 unshackling exports 3 4 2 Riedel James, E c o n o m i c D e v e l o p m e n t i n E a s t A s i a : D o i n g W h a t C o m e s N a t u r a l l y? Achieving Industrialization in East Asia. E d i t e d b y H e l e n H u g h s e s ( N e w Y o r k : C a m b r i d g e U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s, 1990) p.8 3 H u g h e s H e l e n, Achieving Industrialization in East Asia (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990). pp. xv-xvi 4 World Bank, The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp366-7 21
5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 W e i s s L i n d a & H o b s o n J o h n, States and Economic Development (Cambridge MA: Polity Press, 1995),pp140-1. 6 W a d e R o b e r t, Governing the Market: Economic Theory and The Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990),p11. 22
rent- seeking 7 8 functional 9 1 0 neutral trade regime m a r k e t- determined 7 1995 23 8 K u o C h e n g -Tian,Global Competitiveness and Industrial Growth in Taiwan and the Philippines. ( P i t t s b u r g h a n d L o n d o n : P i t t s b u r g h U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s ), p. 7 9 2002 2 1 0 Smith Heather,, Industry Policy in Taiwan and Korea in the 1980 - Winning with the Market. (Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,2000). p.5 23
1 price 1 1 2 1 1 W e i s s L i n d a & H o b s o n J o h n, States and Economic Development (Cambridge MA: Polity Press, 1995).p.141 1 2 Evans, Peter & Rueschemeyer, Dietrich. T h e S t a t e a n d E c o n o m i c T r a n s f o r m a t i o n : T o w a r d a n A n a l y s i s o f t h e C o n d i t i o n s U n d e r l y i n g E f f e c t i v e I n t e r v e n t i o n Bringing the State Back In. e d i t e d b y 24
autonomy (capacity) autonomy capacity 1 3 1 4 1 5 Evans, Peter, Rueschemeyer, Dietrich &Skocpol Theda ( New York: Cambridge University Press,1985) p.68 1 3 Skocpol, T. B r i n g i n g t h e S t a t e B a c k I n : S t r a t e g i e s o f A n a l y s i s i n C u r r e n t R e s e a r c h Bringing the State Back In. Edited by Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, T. Skocpol.( New York: Cambridge University Press,1985).p.9 1 4 I b i d, p p 9-14 1 5 I b i d, p 7 25
1 6 1 7 C. F. Johnson MITI and Japanese Miracle deve lopmental state Johnson 1 8 Johnson developmental state 1 9 (1) (2) Recruit (3) guiding agency M I T I economic planning board (4) (5) (6) 1 6 Ibid, pp.15-20 1 7 Clark Cal, Taiwan s Development: Implications for Contending Political Economy Paradigms.(New York: Greenwood Press,1989) p.35 1 8 O n i s Z, T h e L o g i c o f t h e D e v e l o p m e n t a l S t a t e, Comparative Politics, Vol.24, No.1(1991October) p111. 1 9 W e i s s L i n d a & H o b s o n J o h n, States and Economic Development (Cambridge MA: Polity Press, 1995). p.149 26
Ministry of International Trade and IndustryM I T I MITI Johnson plan- rational system 2 0 plan- rational system MITI MITI 2 1 Johnson 1 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 0 J o h n s o n C h a l m e r s MITI and The Japanese Mircle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975 ( Californial : Stanford University press, 1982), pp18-22 2 1 Ibid. pp29-30 2 2 2 0 0 3 27
2 3 R. Wade Wade governing the Market 2 4 Wade governed market theory Wade Johnson developmental state Johnson Wade Johnson Wade Johnson Johnson 2 5 35 2 3 J o h n s o n C h a l m e r s P o l i t i c i a l I n s t i t u t i o n s a n d E c o n o m i c P e r f o r m a n c e : T h e Government-B u s i n e s s R e l a t i o n s h i p i n J a p a n, S o u t h K o r e a a n d T a i w a n The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism e d i t e d b y F r e d e r i c C. D e y o ( I t h a c a a n d L o n d o n : C o r n e l l U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s ), p 1 4 5 2 4 R. Wade free market theory ( s i m u l a t e d f r e e m a r k e t t h e o r y ) W a d e R o b e t, Governing the Market: Economic Theory and The Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization (Princeton University Press, 1990), p.24, 297 2 5 Ibid. p.26 28
corporatist (authoritarian political) 2 6 2 7 2 8 Wade Wade leading the market (following the market) 2 9 Wade 3 0 Wade 2 6 Ibid. p.27 2 7 W a d e R o b e t, I n d u s t r i a l p o l i c y i n E a s t A s i a : D o e s i t l e a d o r f o l l o w t h e m a r k e t? Manufacturing Miracles, Paths of Industrialisation in Latin America and East Asia, edited by G.Gereffi and D. W y m a n. ( P r i n c e t o n : P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s, 1 9 9 0 ) p.232 2 8 W a d e R o b e t, S t a t e i n t e r v e n t i o n i n Outward -l o o k i n g D e v e l o p m e n t : N e o c l a s s i c a l T h e o r y a n d T a i w a n e s e P r a c t i c e Developmental states in East Asia edited by G. White (The Macmillian Press, 1988). pp30-68. 2 9 W a d e M W a d e R o b e t, Governing the Market: Economic Theory and The Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization, p.28 3 0 W a d e R o b e t, R e s o l v i n g t h e s t a t e -Market Dilemma in east Asia The Role of the State in Economic Change e d i t e d b y H a -J o o n C h a n g a n d R o bert Rowthorn ( New York: Oxford University Press,1995). p133 29
Amsden late industrialization Asia s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization Amsden 3 s u b s i d i e s 1 A m s d e n guided market economy taming 3 2 Amsden 3 3 Amsden knowledge - based assets 3 4 3 1 A m s d e n, Asia s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989). p.8 3 2 Ziya Onis.1991. The Logic of the Developmental State. Comparative Politics Vo l.24, No.1(1991) p112. 3 3 A m s d e n, T h e S t a t e a n d T a i w a n s E c o n o m i c D e v e l o p m e n t Bringing the State Back In. E d i t e d b y Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, T. Skocpol.( New York: Cambridge University Press,1985), pp78-101 3 4 A m s d e n, The Rise of The Rest : Challenges to the West from Late-Industrializing Economies. (New York: Oxford U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s, 2001), p.284. 30
3 5 3 6 3 7 3 5 2002 37 3 6 A m s d e n & C h u W a n -w e n Beyond Late Development: Taiwan s Upgrading Policies ( T h e M I T P r e s s, 2003), p.101 3 7 92 31
Evans Weiss Linda Weiss Peter Evans governed interdependence theory (embedded autonomy) Peter Evans Evans Rueschemeyer 32
3 8 Evans Evans Rueschemeyer 3 9 (embedded autonomy) Evans (autonomy) 4 0 3 8 Evans Peter, T h e S t a t e a s P r o b l e m a n d S o l u t i o n : P r e d a t i o n, E m b e d d e d A u t o n o m y, a n d S t r u c t u r a l C h a n g e The Politics of Economic Adjustment, e d i t e d b y S. H a g g a r d & R. K a u f m a n ( N e w J e r s e y : P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s, 1992), p.61 3 9 Evans, Peter & Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, T h e S t a t e a n d E c o n o m i c T r a n s f o r m a t i o n : T o w a r d a n A n a l y s i s o f t h e C o n d i t i o n s U n d e r l y i n g E f f e c t i v e I n t e r v e n t i o n Bringing the State Back In e d i t e d b y E v a n s, P e t e r, R u e s c h e m e y e r, D i e t r i c h & S k o c p o l T h e d a ( New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p.68 4 0 Evans Peter, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation ( P r i n c e t o n NJ: P r i n c e t o n University 1995), p.45 33
4 1 Evans Evans embedded intimately (aggressively) 4 2 Evans Evans d i v i s i o n 4 3 Evans ( a u t o n o m y ) embedded 4 4 4 1 E v a n s, P e t e r T h e S t a t e a s P r o b l e m a n d S o l u t i o n : P r e d a t i o n, E m b e d d e d A u t o n o m y, a n d S t r u c t u r a l C h a n g e The Politics of Economic Adjustment, edited by S. Haggard & R. Kaufman, p.158 4 2 Evans Peter, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation, p.59 4 3 E v a n s P e t e r & R u e s c h e m e y e r D i e t r i c h, T h e S t a t e a n d E c o n o m i c T r a n s f o r m a t i o n : T o wa r d a n A n a l y s i s o f t h e C o n d i t i o n s U n d e r l y i n g E f f e c t i v e I n t e r v e n t i o n Bringing the State Back In e d i t e d b y E v a n s P e t e r, R u e s c h e m e y e r D i e t r i c h & S k o c p o l T h e d a, p p. 6 3-64. 4 4 Evans Peter, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation, p.12 34
s u p e r c a r t e l 4 5 collective 4 action 6 Evans ideal types predatory state developmental state Evans meritocratic 4 coherence 7 individual incumbent Weber Weber Evans Evans 4 5 E v a n s P e t er, T h e S t a t e a s P r o b l e m a n d S o l u t i o n : P r e d a t i o n, E m b e d d e d A u t o n o m y, a n d S t r u c t u r a l C h a n g e The Politics of Economic Adjustment, edited by S. Haggard & R. Kaufman, p.162 4 6 Evans Peter, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation, p.12 4 7 I b i d. 35
4 8 surplus rent- seeking p a t r o n- client 4 9 Evans Evans Zaire 5 0 Evans intermediate states (Brazil) (India) 5 1 Evans Evans custodian (demiurge) ( m i d w ifery) (husbandry) 5 2 4 8 I b i d. 4 9 1997-27 5 0 Evans Peter, Embedded AutonomyStates and Industrial Transformation, p.47 5 1 Ibid.p.60 5 2 Ibid.pp13, 78-81,86 36
1. custodian regulator minimalist license, permit, quota raj Evans 2. (demiurge) (demiurge) (producer) enterprise 37
3. (midwifery) infant sectors greenhouse 4. (husbandry) 38
c u s t o d i a n (demiurge) regulator (producer) (midwifery) (husbandry) Evans. 5 3 Evans Evans Evans Evans Evans 5 3 Ibid. p81 39
Evans gravedigger 5 4 Linda Weiss governed interdependence theory Linda Weiss Governed interdependence: rethinking the government- business relationship in East Asia governed interdependence theory Weiss Wade N I C s market mechanism strategic industrial policies 5 5 Weiss Wade Wade hard state Weiss 5 4 Evans Peter, T h e S t a t e a s P r o b l e m a n d S o l u t i o n : P r e d a t i o n, E m b e d d e d A u t o n o m y, a n d S t r u c t u r a l C h a n g e The Politics of Economic Adjustment, edited by S. Haggard & R. Kaufman, p.165 5 5 W e i s s L i n d a, G o v e r n e d I n t e r d e p e n d e n c e : R e t h i n k i n g t h e G o v e r n m e n t - B u s i n e s s R e l a t i o n s h i p i n E a s t A s i a, The Pacific Review,Vol.8 No.41995p.593 40
Weiss 5 6 dynamic response - 5 7 coordinated (cooperative) top- d o w n initiative 2-1 5 8 5 6 Ib id.p.595 5 7 5 8 Ibid.pp.594-5 41
/ W e i s s L i n d a, G o v e r n e d I n t e r d e p e n d e n c e : R e t h i n k i n g t h e G o v e r n m e n t - B u s i n e s s R e l a t i o n s h i p i n E a s t A s i a, The Pacific Review,Vol.8 No.41995p.595 Bureaucratic structures of coordination Weiss Peter Evans embedded autonomy Evans Weiss coherence (insulation) under- insulated (over- e m b e d d e d ) 42
Evans coherence 5 9 1. high- quality bureaucrats 6 0 2. in- house expertise MITI think tank Korean Institute for Economics and TechnologyKIET Korean Trade Promotion CorporationK O T R A KOTRA ITRI ERSO C C L 5 9 Ibid.p.596 6 0 Ibid.p.597 43
6 1 3. insulated pilot agencies and policy coordination C. J o h n s o n pilot agencies insulation (insularity) autonomy i n s u l a t i o n Tsarist Russia (autonomy without capacity) connectedness P. Evans P. Evans policy networks 6 1 Ibid.pp.597-8 6 2 Ibid.pp.598-600 44
6 policy effectiveness 3 encompassing institutions encompassing fragmented s t a t i s m (Taiwan Textile FederationTTF) encompassing fragmented 6 4 policy failure in s u l a t i o n connectedness 6 5 6 3 Ibid.pp600-2 6 4 Ibid.pp602-4 6 5 Ibid. p.604 45
Insulation without connectedness Connectedness without insulation (too much state, too little society ) (too much society, too little state) (information gaps) rent - seeking ( central planning model) - ( clientelistic and lobbying- responsive model ) (policy failure) (distributive rather than developmental policies) W e i s s L i n d a, G o v e r n e d I n t e r d e p e n d e n c e : R e t h i n k i n g t h e G o v e r n m e n t - B u s i n e s s R e l a t i o n s h i p i n E a s t A s i a, The Pacific Review,Vol.8 No.41995p.605 Weiss Weiss 46
6 6 1. Disciplined support Park rent - seeking 2. (Public risk absorption) Ministry of International Trade and IndustryMITI Japan Development Bank 6 6 Ibid.pp.607-611 47
3. (Private- sector initiative in public policies) N I C s I D B 4. (Public - private innovation alliances) decentralized I T R I disciplined support r i s k sharing free rider Weiss 48
Weiss Evans Weiss Evans TFT- 49
50 TFT- TFT- PIDA TTLA TDMDA
L i q u i d C r y s t a l D i s p l a y 1 Cathode Ray TubeCRT Liquid Crystal LC D Lyotropic Thermo tropic 2 1888 Reinitize L e h m a nf r i e d e l Nematic S m e c t i c Cholesteric 3 Passive Matrix DrivePM Active Matrix DriveAM 1 2001 2 0 0 2 3-1 2 2003 58 3 TFT- - 2002 14 51
1. TN 1. D- STN 2. STN 2. F - STN 3. ECB 3. T- STN 4. 4. MLA- STN PM- Type 5. AM- Type MOSFET TFT- 1. MIM 2. DR 3. TFD 4. Varistor 2000 3 Twisted NematicTN Super Twisted NematicSTN ECB TN STN MIM D R TFD Varistor MOSFET TFTThin Film Transistor 52
TNSTN TFT 4 TNSTN TFT STN TN STN TN STN TFT T F T T F T- STN - TFT- TFT- 5 TFT- TN/STN / TFT- TN/STN - 4 2000 3 5 TFT- L C D 53
1.TN/STN - 6 1 STN TN io2 2 ITO PI PI [ ] 3 2.TFT- LC D 7 1 Array / / / 6 91 h t t p : / / m o p s. t s e. c o m. t w 2004 5 30 7 91 h t t p : / / m o p s. t s e. c o m. t w 2004 5 30 54
2 (Cell) 3 Module IC TFT- 55
1 / 2 PECVD 1 3 Sputter TN 4 2 5 Assembly 6 / 3 4 TAB/COG 1 4 STN 2 3 5 4 6 1 IC 2 TFT 3 2002 h t t p : / / m o p s. t s e. c o m. t w2004 5 30 IC color filter 56
PDA TV 8 TFT- STN - TFT- TFT- TFT- T F T- 640 480 TFT- 307200 TFT- 9 TFT- 8 2004/03/10 PM: 2:00~4:00 9 MIC 2003 53 57
IC TFT- 12.1 14.1 IC 1 0 TFT- 1 0 MIC 2003 53 58
(mm*mm) * 2-2.5 370*470 3 550*(650-670) 3.5 620*750 3.75 660*890 4 5 1000*1000 2*10.4 1*13.3 4*13.3-15 1.15 2*17-18 2.18 6*13.3-14 1.14 4*17 2.17 6*15 1.18 4*18 2.15 730*920 6*15-17 1.20 680*880 4*18-22 2.17 9*14 1.20 6*18-20 2.14 2001 39 59
23 TFT- 1 1 1. 1995/Q31997/Q4 STN TFT TFT- STN - TFT- 12.1 T F T- TFT- 2. 1997/Q42000/Q3 12 1415 1 1 TFT- L C D - 2002 23-24 60
12.1 1415 3. 2000/Q32003/Q2 1 2 15 450 190 1 3 1 2 2001 1 3 2003 79 61
Deutsch Securities 2003/01 1 4 62
Moore Moore 44 44 F P D 1 5 TFT- TFT- 30 TN/STN TFT- Reinitize cholesterin 1 5 63
145 175 O.Lehmann 1 6 R.C.A. R C A R C A S e i k o E p s o nsharp Seiko Epson S e i k o E p s o n TN - Sharp TN - 1 7 EL- 805 2 TN - STN - 1 6 2003 56 1 7 47-48 64
TFT- 2 8 10 PDA 1 8 10 50 2000 1 8000 9 TV TFT- R C A 1 8 1998 12-3 1 9 13 65
Sharp EL- 805 TN - STN - STN - 2 0 TFT- TFT- NEC Sharp TFT- TFT- 25.3 TFT- 2 1 80 TFT- 90 T F T- 2 2 TFT- T F T- TFT- 2 0 2003 2003 21-14 2 1 21-15 2 2 1998 74 66
TFT- TFT- LTPS TFT- OLED 2002 11 2 3 O r i o n TN - Samsung STN - LG 2 TFT- 4 2 3 2003/03/10 PM200400 2 4 1998 90 67
TFT- TFT- 2 5 2 6 TFT- TFT- O r i o n STN - 2 7 TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- 15.6 TFT- 2 8 2 5 2004 286 2 6 2003 2003 21-1 2 7 1998 91 2 8 68
TFT- S a m s u n g LG- Philips 2 9 TN - TN - STN - 3 0 TN - TN - 300 360 360 360 410 TN - 2 9 2003 2003 21-1 3 0 1998 108 69
TN - TN - 3 1 STN - 1000 TN STN - STN 3 STN - 2 TFT TFT- 3 TFT 3 NEC SVA - NEC TFT- 11 NEC STN - TFT- TF T- (BOE Technology Group ) STN - TFT- B O E- Hydis 233.5 12 3 4 3 1 2 0 0 1 11 3 2 1998 109-111 3 3 2003/03/10 PM200400 3 4 TFT h t t p : / / e s u n s e c o l. e s u n s e c. c o m. t w / r e p o r t w e b / r a. a s p.2004 4 17 70
TN - STN - TFT- 3 TFT- 5 3 6 TN - STN - T F T- TNSTNT F T- 3 5 3 6 D o n g, T h e a d j u s t m e n t o f m a c r o e c o n o m i c p o l i c i e s i n c h i n a. China in the Global Economy, e d i t e d b y P e t e r L l o y d a n d Z h a n g, X i a o -Guang ( MA:Edward Elgar,2000).pp.24-27 71
TFT- 1. TFT- 10 TFT- CRT TFT- TFT- OA( Office Appliance)AVAudio/Video ApplianceI A ( I n t e r n e t / I n f o r m a t i o n Applianc e) O A AV I A 3 7 TFT- TFT- TFT- 49.5 36.8 13.7 TFT- TFT- LTPS T F T- TFT- 38 3 8 TFT- T F T- 2. TFT- 10 3 7 2003 2003 3-64 3 8 3-673-68 72
TFT- T F T- TFT- TFT- 3 TFT- 9 TN/STN - TFT- TN/STN - TN/STN - 51 TN/STN - IEK F P D 4 STN - 4 0 TN/STN - TN/STN - TN TN - STN - O L E D 4 TFT- 1 3 9 2003 2003 12-21 4 0 12-24 4 1 2003/03/10 PM200400 73
Color Filter IC 1. 28,996.6 7,101.9 8,661.0 12,021.0 TN/STN TFTPDP PLEDVFD 24.5% 29.9% 41.5% TFT- 21,333.6 6,031.6 6,969.5 8,332.5 ( TFT- 28.3% 32.7% 39% 17,486.7 5,766.6 6,788.0 4,932.1 (10 ) 33% 38.8% 28.2% ( 2584 ( 2817 ( 2046 34.7%) 37.8%) 27.5%) 91 2 0 0 3 357 2731 1775 TFT- TFT- TN/STN - TFT- L C D L C 67 1820 1583 Corning 54 25 13 8 3307 74
4 2186 2 2. Color Filter Color STN - TFT- 4700 1920 4 3 21 5700 12 2150 3. TFT- 2147 1444 TFT- 1063 953 66 40 LG TFT- 4 4 4. IC IC IC TFT- 4 2 2003 2 0 0 3 2-5- 53 2-5-54 4 3 2-5-552-5-56 4 4 2003 2 0 0 3 2-5- 57 2-5-58 75
IC 16.7 2402 IC 18.8 13 3277 TFT- IC 4 5 TN/STN IC 5. 9700 2448 88 6320 2159 TFT- 8.3 7.9 Light 6.8 5.1 4.1 Stanely 3.2 Enplus 2.3 4 6 Stanely 10.5 Yamato 7.0 6. TFT- STN - TN - MerckChisso 325 TFT- 62.2 STN - 36.4 TN - 1.3 347 4 7 4 5 2-5-60 4 6 2-5-582-5-59 4 7 2003 2003 14-66 76
TFT- TFT- TN/STN TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- STN- STN - TN - TN - STN - TFT- 3-6 TFT- TFT- TFT- 77
O I S TFT- TFT- TFT- A D I TFT- T F T- TFT- ADI TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- ADI TFT- 78
TN/STN - TN - TN - STN - PDA STN - STN - TN/STN - 253 233 8 TN/ STN - 40 24 PDA 11 22 40 4 STN - 8 TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- 49.5 13.7 26.1 33.5 40.5 TFT- 4 8 2003 2 0 0 3 1 3-1 81 3-19 79
TFT- 2,317 T F T- 5,766 1 4 5. 6 7 33 28.2 TFT- TFT- 4 TFT- 9 TFT- IC IC 5 0 4 9 13-6 5 0 2003 2 0 0 3 2-5- 78 80
L C D TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- 81
TFT- NEC TFT- 82
19761996 T F T- TFT- TN - 1 2 1 S R 9 0 0 32 0 0 1 3 176 2 TFT- 2003 8895 83
3 TN - 4 L C D Sharp E p s o n TN - STN - STN - TN - 5 STN - 3 2003 92-95 4 97-98 5 118 84
TN - STN - 6 7 STN - TFT- 8 GEC 9 1 0 TNSTN - STN - Polytronix STN - 6 3 2 1997 5 4-7 7 8 STN 1990 5 26 9 90 1991 5 10 1 0 1991 9 9 85
STN - 1 1 1 2 TN - STN - 1 TNSTN - 3 Epson E p s o n 1 4 STN - GEC STN - 1 5 STN - 1 6 1 1 h t t p : / / m o p s. t s e. c o m. t w 2 0 0 4 5 3 0 / 3 2 1 9 9 7 5 4-7 1 2 1990 8 17 1 3 IEK1996 113 1 4 2003 115 1 5 44 1993 12 16 1 6 17 86
STN - 10.4 STN - TFT STN - TFT- TFT- 1 7 TFT- 3 6 TFT- TFT- 1 8 TFT- TFT- 1 TFT- 9 TFT- TFT- T F T- 2 0 TFT- TFT- 1 7 1994 1995 73 1 8 ITIS 1999 IEK1999 4-74 1 9 1999 IEK1999 71 2 0 1994 1995 73 87
2 TFT- 1 2 2 TFT- 2 TF T- 3 STN - T F T- 2 4 2 1 43 1993 11 27-30 2 2 44 1993 12 17 2 3 TFT- L C D 2001 3 2 4 M c B e a t h Gerald. Wealth and Freedom: Taiwan s New Political Economy. ( H a m p s h i r e : A s h g a t e, 1998) p.240 88
2 5 2 7 2 5 h t t p : / / w w w. n s c. g o v. t w / n s c _ m i s s i o n _ l i s t. a s p2 0 0 4 5 30 2 6 2 7 89
2 8 1. WTO 2 9 2. 2 8 h t t p : / / w w w. m o e a i d b. g o v. t w / i d y / i d b / p d f / i n d e x. h t m2 0 0 4 5 30 2 9 h t t p : / / w w w. m o e a i d b. g o v. t w / i d y / i d b / o r g a n i z e / c h a n g _ o r g a n i z e. h t m 2004 5 30 90
3 0 3. 3 1 1. 3 2 3 0 3 1 3 2 h t t p : / / d o i t. m o e a. g o v. t w / 0 1 i n t r o / o r g a n i z a t i o n. a s p2 0 0 4 5 30 91
3 3 2. 3 4 3 3 h t t p : / / d o i t. m o e a. g o v. t w / 0 1 i n t r o / o r g a n i z a t i o n. a s p2 0 0 4 5 30 3 4 h t t p : / / d o i t. m o e a. g o v. t w / 0 1 i n t r o / o r g a n i z a t i o n. a s p2004 5 30 92
3. 1 3 5 2 3 6 3 3 5 h t t p : / / d o i t. m o e a. g o v. t w / i n d e x. a s p2004 5 30 3 6 93
3 7 3 7 Liu, Hung-hwei. 1998. The Effects of Taiwan s State-I n d u s t r i a l A r r a n g e m e n t s o n I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o m p e t i t i v e n e s s : T h e C a s e o f N o t e b o o k-sized Computer and High-Definition Television Industry. Ph. D. Diss. Univ ersity of Warwick.1998.p.115 3 8 h t t p : / / d o i t. m o e a. g o v. t w / i n d e x. a s p2004 5 30 94
3 9 R C A ATT R C A 4 0 3 9 h t t p : / / d o i t. m o e a. g o v. t w / 0 3 know/ e v a l u. a s p2004 5 30 4 0 2003 273 95
66 4 1 265-7 4 2 1989 45-6 96
4 3 1. 2. 50 50 3. 1 1020 2 1520 3 1015 4 20 5 4 3 1995 782-3 97
6 50 50 4 4 4 STN - 5 4 4 2002 22 4 5 1995 792 98
50 4 STN - 6 STN - TFT- TN - STN - TN - 4 7 4 8 TFT - L C D TFT- 4 6 1993 743-745756 4 7 HDTV 1991 5 13 4 8 3 IC DRAM 1991 9 12 99
4 9 5 0 TN - TFT- 5 NEC TFT- 1 5 2 TFT- 69 TFT- 5 9.3 3 4 9 5 0 S R 9 0 0 32 0 0 1 3 178 5 1 1993 11 8 5 2 HTDV 1 9 9 2 7 2 8 / 1992 7 30 5 3 TFT- 1995 3 2 100
1. 5 4 2. 5 4 2003 27-29 101
5 5 5 6 3. 5 5 h t t p : / / w w w. i t r i. o r g. t w / c h i / a b o u t / o r g a n i z a t i o n / o r g a n i z a t i o n. j s p2004 5 30 5 6 / h t t p : / / w w w. i t r i. o r g. t w / c h i / r n d / r e s e a r c h _ a r e a. jsp?tree_idx=02002004 5 30 5 7 102
5 8 5 9 5 8 2002 44 5 9 1960 1990 1997 30 103
TN - 1989-1992 I C - TFT- Display 5 Color TFT- - Display - Color TFT- P C O A 1993-1997 10.4 color TFT- Wide view angle TFT- TAB Reflective TFT- C O G TAB COG C O G 20.97 600 10 color filter 1997 5 S I D 10.4 VAG 26 15:1 5 V 1997 12.4 PTV TFT- 104 TFT 4
1998.55 C M O S TAB 400 300 60:1 L C M C O G TAB 2003 2 7 5 TN - STN - TFT- TN - STN - TFT- - 3 6 TFT- 6 0 6 0 1999 1999 74 6 1 1991 3 16 105
6 2 2003 279 6 3 S R 9 0 0 32 0 0 1 3 178 6 4 L C D S T N 1990 7 18 6 5 106
1990 9 23 6 6 1991 1 23 6 7 1991 3 16 6 8 82 1991 4 3 6 9 1993 3 4 107
7 0 1993 7 17 7 1 1 9 9 3 1 1 28 108
TN - TN - STN - 109
LC D TFT- TFT- TFT- STN TFT- P C TFT - 110
19972003 TN - STN - TFT- L C D 50 60 1 1 1998 6 3-106 111
CRT TFT- T F T- TFT- 3 TFT- IBM 4 SHARP TFT- TFT- TFT- 2 2003 9 131 3 TFT 43 2003 2 43 4 TFT- 112
2 15 5 28.3 6031.6 TFT- TFT- 33 TFT- 6 TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- 7 TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- S a m s u n g LG 8 5 2003 9 132 6 91 2002 357 7 2004/03/10 PM2:00~4:00 8 EVA 113
/ / 1999 IBM/ 1999 1999 2000 2001 1996 2004 TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- 37 T F T- 32 TFT- 30 9 TFT- TFT 1800 2200mm 9 T F T L C D 2 1 3 2 0 0 3 1 2 1 8 1 114
TFT 166.6 TFT TFT- TFT 1 0 5 1100 1250 2003/Q2 50 5 1100 1300 2004/Q1 70 6 1 5 0 0 1 8 5 0 2005/Q2 5 1100 1250 2003/Q3 75 5.5 1 3 0 0 1 5 0 0 2005/Q1 120 7 5 1150 1300 2003/Q4 60 5 1100 1250 2003/Q2 60 5 1100 1300 2004/Q4 60 6 1 5 0 0 1 8 0 0 2005/Q3 60 LG Philips 5 1150 1300 2002/Q4 100 5 1100 1250 2003/Q4 60 7 1 8 7 0 2 2 0 0 2005/Q2 60 7 7 7 5 1100 1200 2002/Q2 60 5 1100 1250 2003/Q2 60 6 1 5 0 0 1 8 0 0 2004/Q4 60 - Hydis 5 1100 1250 2005/Q1 T F T L C D 21 3 2 0 0 3 1 2 180 1 0 115
1 1 2003 125 1 2 STN http://www.ibt.com.tw/money.htm2004 4 17 116
TN - 1 TN 3 STN - TFT- LPTS TFT- 1 O L E D STN - 4 Techno Research TN/STN TN - STN - TN/STN TN/STN P C P C TFT- 1 3 2004/03/10 PM2:00~4:00 1 4 1 5 STN h ttp://www.ibt.com.tw/money.htm2004 4 17 117
TFT- IC 1. STN - 1 6 TFT- T F T- TFT- 320 400 STN - TFT- L C D 1 7 T F T- 60 1 8 1 6 4 8 2 0 0 3 7 24 1 7 48 2003 7 24 1 8 T F T- L C D 4 4 2 0 0 3 6 118
TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- 1 TFT- 9 DNP 2 TFT- 0 1 9 TFT- L C D 4 3 2 0 0 3 2 3 9 2 0 38 119
2. TFT- TFT- 2 60 1 2 TFT- 2 2 1 2003 2003 15-16 2 2 4. 5 2004 3 13 B2 120
TFT- Corning Asahi NHT NEG 85% 6-7% 10% 30% 60% 10% 70% 30% 100% 80% 20% 3. TN/STN TFT- TN/STN TN/STN TFT- TFT- TN/STN TFT 2 3 TFT TN/STN TFT- TN/STN TFT 2100 2 3 2003 2003 15-1215-13 121
STN - 2 TFT- 4 50 2 5 3. LC D 95 2 6 75 2 7 TFT- L C M 4. IC IC TN/STN - IC T F T- IC IC IC 2 4 2003 2003 15-13 2 5 T F T- L C D 4 4 2 0 0 3 6 2 6 7 2 7 2003 2003 15-22 122
IC IC TFT- IC NECToshiba T F T- IC IC 2 8 TFT- IC 50 TN/STN - IC TFT- IC STN - TN/STN - IC IC TFT- IC 80 TN/STN - 20 2 9 TFT- 2 8 2002 2003 3-64 2 9 2003 2003 15-27 123
2002 0% 3% 60% 24% 95% 74% IC 53% 38% 50% 38% AsahiNEGNHT ACTI 1.2002 80 / P I D A / IT IS TFT- TFT- 124
125 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5 20 20 20 10
126
3 0 3 0 Hsu, Shin -J u n g S u s t a i n a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t a n d L a n d D e v e l o p m e n t I n s t i t u t i o n s i n T a i w a n. Sustainable Development for Island Societies: Taiwan and the World, e d i t e d b y H s i n - H u a n g e M i c h a e l H s i a o, C h a o -Han Liu, Huei-Min Tsai. (Taipei, Taiwan: Asia -Pacific Research Program,2002)p.521 127
3 1 3 2 TFT- - - IC - TN/STN - - TFT- - - - - PIDA 3 1 h t t p : / / w w w. l y.gov.tw/2 0 0 4 5 2 7 3 2 L C D 4 7 2 0 0 3 9 36-4 1 128
IC 3 TFT- 3 IC 2001 2002 2003 10 11 21 111 143.25 254.25 20 14.73 1425 1460 1 3 4 2 8 10 2 7 1 10 PIDA 3 3 91 2003 129
3 4 TFT- 2 3 5 87 116.9 17 87 16 2.4 87 1 120 40 88 188 80 88 2 166 45 88 240 100 89 300 150 89 2 250 135 89 2 168.3 110 3 4 2003 266 3 5 h t t p : / / w w w. c e p d. g o v. t w / i n d e x s e t / i n d e x c o n t e n t. j s p? t a s k = d i r e c t & t o p n o =1&url=../2008/index.htm2004 5 27 130
89 64.57 12.54 89 238.9 135 90 280 150 91-23 1 2 TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- 3 6 TFT- L C D 2000 Sharp 2001 Sharp 2002LG. Philips LG. Philips 2002 Semicondoctor 2002Engergy Laboratory 3 6 2002 4 131
2002 Sharp 2003 Sharp 3 7 3 8 TFT- 3 9 TFT- TFT- T F T- 3 7 2004/03/10 PM2:00~4:00 3 8 T F T 2003 1 27 3 9 2003 180 132
4 0 TFT- TFT- 4 1 TFT- 4 0 2002 6 4 1 L C D 1 9 9 7 1 2 1 2 133
Photonics Industry& Technology Development A s s o c i a t i o npida 4 2 (OPTO ) ( O P T O C O M) (DISPLAY ) 4 2 48 2003 7 56 4 3 4 4 h t t p : / / w w w. p i d a. o r g. t w / s h o w /2 0 0 4 3 1 6 134
(Materials) / (Components) (Process) (Equipments)PDP / OLED (Panels) (Products) 4 5 (Opto Technology Transfer Center O T T C ) 4 8 4 5 4 6 4 7 h t t p : / / w w w. p i d a. o r g. t w / s h o w /2 0 0 4 3 1 6 4 8 h t t p : / / w w w. t a i w a n o p t o n e t. c o m / o t t c / c -o t t c. h t m 2004 3 16 135
4 9 2000 2000 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 4 9 5 0 http://www.pida.org.tw/seminar/ Seminar P o r t a l.a s p2004 3 16 136
Taiwan TFT AssociationT TLA 5 1 TFT- TTLA TFT- 5 2 1. 5 1 TTLA TTLA h t t p : / / w w w. t t la. o r g. t w / a b o u t / i n d e x. h t m2004 6 7 5 2 137
Taiwan Flat Panel Display Materials and Devices Association 5 T D M D A 3 2. TDMDA T D M D A 5 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TDMDA TFT- 5 3 2003 2003 9-29-3 5 4 2003 2003 6-27 138
STN - TFT- TFT- TFT- TFT- L C D TN/STN - TFT- 139
TFT- 140
141 TFT- L C D
T F T- TFT- TFT- TN/STN TFT- 142
143 TTLA TDMDA TFT- DRAM DRAM
144
TN - Ploytronix STN - GEC( ) E P S O N ABB STN - TFT- Fujitsu IBM ABB STN - Tottori Sanyo ( ) STN - EVA TFT- IMEMS Stanley Sanritz TFT- ABB STN - Sharp TFT- TFT- /COA TFT- I P S / C F / C O G STN - ADI IBM Matsushita( ) Fujitsu TFT- TFT- TFT- EVA IBM 145
P. Evans L. Weiss Evans Weiss Evans Weiss Evans Weiss Evans Weiss Evans Weiss Evans Weiss Evans Weiss i n s u l a t i o n connectedness 146
147 TFT- TFT-
TFT- 148
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