( )

1 2

1 3

1 11 1 12

1 n( n 1) 2

2 1

2 4 100 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 1 3 7 9 11 8 8 6 7 10 13 14 15 16 18 20 21 23 24 8 4 1 5 11 1 1 2 1 100

3 1

3 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

3 3

3 4 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 4. 5.

3 5 A B C D E

3 6

3 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 9 4 2 8 11 5 3 10 6 7 12 3 9 1 8 10 5 2 12 11 6 7 4

3 8

( ) ( ) ( ) 4 1

4 1 1 () 1 2 2 () 3 () 4 () 5 ()

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 3 80% 3 2 90% 2 1 95% 1 +1 105% +2 110% +3 115% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B E A D F C L J H K

4 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

4 3 5 3.8 5.0 2. 6 3.7 1.3 2.5 0 1.2 4 3.1 4.0 2.1 3.0 1.1 2.0 0 1.0 3 2.4 3.0 1.6 2.3 0.8 1.5 0 4 4 A B C D E 0.91 1.00 0.80 0.90 0.60 0.79 0.40 0.59 0.10 0.39

4 5 4 4 2 1 1.5 1 2.5 2 10 8 4 6 A B C D 4 7 5 4 3 2 1

4 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 4 5 4 3 4 4 5

4 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 20 26 33 40 46 53 60 66 73 80 86 93 100 4 15 1 2 3 4 5 0.3 0.7 1 1.3 1.7 2 2.3 2.7 3 3.3 3.7 4 4.3 4.7 5 70 + 68 + 71 + 65 + 66 + 72 X = 68. 67 6 70 + 68 + 71 + 66 X = 68. 75 6

4 16 3 3 2 6 4 17 4 17 A B C D E F 70 68 66 71 65 72 ( 70 + 68) 3 + ( 66 + 71+ 65) 3 + 72 2 X = 3 2 + 3 3 + 2 1 68. 47 4 18 5 5 10 9 1 80 83 78 81 75 77 74 80 83 85 74 75 73 80 77 81 79 84 61 75 75 75 74 77 86 70 54 77 76 4 19 85 79 80 76.8 74.5 0.2 0.2 0.25 0.25 0.1 85 X = 0. 279 + 0. 280 + 025. 768. + 025. 745. + 01. 85 = 7813.

4 21 1.5 1.3 1 A I N C E J M O B D F G H K L P Q X Y Z

n 1 x = x n i i= 1

4 22 26 23 25 27 26 25 23 25 100 100 4 23 0 59 60 89 90 100

4 24 A B C D E F G H I J 4.90 4.87 7.65 4.56 4.56 4.31 3.99 3.92 3.80 3.41 n 1 2 δ = ( xi x) = 0. 497 n i= 1 x < x 2δ, x < 3482. 4 25 A B C D E F G H I j 4.90 4.87 4.65 4.56 4.56 4.31 3.99 3.92 3.80 3.41

4 25 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T A 1 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 8 8 7 6 5 A 2 1 A 2 15 14 16 15 13 12 11 13 12 12 10 11 11 11 10 9 10 7 8 8 225 196 169 144 144 121 121 100 100 100 100 100 81 81 81 64 64 49 36 25 A 2 2 A 1 A 2 225 196 256 225 169 144 121 169 144 144 100 121 121 121 100 81 100 49 64 64 225 196 208 180 156 122 121 130 120 199 228 2101 2714 2364 120 100 110 99 99 90 72 80 49 48 40 A = 9. 95 A = 1140. δ A 2 2 A = 2101 A = 2714 A A = 199 A = 228 A A = 2364 N = 20 r = 1 2 1 1 2 2 = 1 = 2. 46 1 2 1 2 N A1A 2 ( A1)( A2 ) 2 2 2 N A ( A ) N A ( A ) 1 1 δ 20 2364 199 228 20 2101 ( 199) 20 2714 ( 228) 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 081.

2rtt rhh = r + tt 1 r tt r h 4 26 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T x 8 8 7 6 6 5 6 5 5 5 4 6 4 4 5 4 3 4 3 3 y 8 6 7 6 7 5 5 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 16 14 14 12 13 10 11 11 10 10 9 10 8 9 9 8 7 7 6 6 2 x = 101, x = 553, x = 506., δ = 147. 2 y = 99, y = 527, y = 4. 95, δ = 136. xy = 532, N = 20 xy / N ( x)( y) rtt ( δx)( δy) 532 / 20 (5. 05)( 4. 95) = 147. 136. = 080. 2rtt 2 rhh = = 0. 80 = 0. 89 1 + r 1 + 0. 80 tt x y

4 28 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 8 8 7 6 5 16 14 14 12 13 10 11 11 10 10 9 10 8 9 9 8 7 7 6 6 2118 / 20 ( 9. 95) ( 10. 00) r = = 0. 97 2. 46 2. 68 N e N / 2 p1 = n / 2 4 28 106 119 111 98 111 105 92.5 93.3 94.6 92. 5 + 93. 3 + 94. 6 3 = 93. 4

x = 4. 30, δ = 179., y = 215., δ = 122. xy = 2534, N = 240 xy N x y r = / ( )( ) δ δ x x y 2534 / 240 ( 4. 30 215. ) = 179. 122. = 060. y

1 3

6 1 6 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5 6 3 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Q/XL 48 1991 1991 48

+ 2 + 2 20 ( 20 ) 1 1

QB/YY1.1 91 1 1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.2.1 1.2.2.2 2 2.1 2.1.1 32 7 8 a

QB/YY1.1/91 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2. 3 1) 1) 3 3.1 a. b. 7 8 b 33

QB/YY1.1 91 3.2 3.3 1 2 3 4 0+ 10 + 10 7 ( 7 ) 20 + 2 5 2 5 80. + mm ( 80. mm) 75 0 + 0. 050 0. 025 mm 20 34 7 8 0

+ 3 ( 65 2 )% 3 3 3 2 10 ~ 3 10 ( 2 ~ 3 10 ) 17 ~ 23 C 15 ~ 20kg 7 ~ 9 10' ( 7 ~ 9 10') 7 ± 2' ~ 7 ± 2' ( ± 7 ± 2') Tu T Cp = 1 Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ ( 1) 6S :C p S T u T 1

7 1 A B A B mm a b c d e f g h i j 7 2 m/t h/m B K L H 1 H 2 H 3 mm p a 7 3 mm g/20 g/20 Y4/43000 17 Y3.9/43000 16.7 Y3.3/39000 24.5 0.2 120 0.5 16.3 0.3 Y3.3/38000 16.2 Y3.3/37000 16

7 4

QB G1.2 93 1994 07 01

NO

A1 (kg) (kg) (kg) % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7=4 6

A2 kg (mm) (kg) % % A3

=

90% 90 250 000 5.5%3500 12 000 14 000 1 500 8 3 100% 1.7 95% 90% 20% 95%

N N

1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 10 2. 10 3. 10 4. 10 20% 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 5 2. 10 3. 10~50 4. 5 30% 1. 2. 3. 1. 20 2. 10 3. 10 4. 10 30% 1. 2. 3. 1. 10 2. 10 3. 5 4. 10 5. 5 20%

8 2 8 3

8 4

8 5 (1) (2) (3) (4)=(2)(3) 1 2 3 4 5 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.05 0.05 100 85 76 98 50 60 8.5 15.2 4.9 2.5 91.1

1. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 2. 3.

9 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

9 2 A 19 B C D E F G J H

9 4 (m/t) B K L H 1 H 2 H (h/m) (mm) Pa 9 5 a 9 5 b

9 6 a 9 6 b 9 9

x x E E E 10 1

E E x x E x E y 10 2 10 3

a b c 10 7

[] 1980 152

A E E B q q q q H E q E E q q E q

H E E E E E

(H) E F Q q q (E ) (E ) (F ) (F ) q q Q q (E ) (F ) q

(H) (E ) (F ) (E2) (F ) (E ) (F )

10 1 10 2 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

10 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 / 10 15