5 1 5 (1): 58 70 2013 3 JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES Mar., 2013 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1224.2013.00058 100190 20 50 70 2009 60 G301 A 1674-4969(2013)01-0058-13 20 50 1 : 2012 12 25; : 2013 01 18 : (Y250013015) : (1982 ),,,, E-mail: zhangzhihui1008@163.com
59 [1]18 20 50 156 25 1954 12 [2] 1.1 20 50 [3] 1952 1952 1953 1954 1 A A 1954 3 ( 4 ) A A 9 120 1954 10 6 [4]15 1955 7 30 15 46 1
60, 5 (1): 58 70 (2013) 1955 7 [6]61-62 1956 9 14 19 7 40 [7] 1 [5] 1.2 1955 6 1 1 25 % 2m 20 30 m 800 m [8]23-25
61 20 30 m 800 m 1.5 km [9] 1957 [8]25 1957 5 [6]62 1.3 1957 8 10 F69 1958 4 5 2 1958,, [10]233 1.4 1957 4 13 1960 9
62, 5 (1): 58 70 (2013) 2 1,,,, (, ) 2,,, 3, 2/3 4, 2 3, [10] 1958 4 1956 13 147 m 204 m 16 m 117.5 m [11] [12],, 31 m 59 m f=0 31 m [13] 30 40 m
63 2 2.1 1957 [14] 1958 2 18 1958 3 3 1958 5 6 21 [15] 1958 [16] 320 5.4 2.64 540 264 51 % 5 2.5 3.0 [17] 1961 [18]7 1958 6 1958 9 27, 1960 6 3 2.2 1958 6 3 6 24 1959 1976 6.38 5.15 506 420
64, 5 (1): 58 70 (2013) 3 1958 1 / 58 000 30 000 1 34 00 1 330 2 19 500 8 570 3 14 000 9 040 4 15 400 9 700 5 5 700 1 360 6 4 000 3 600 2 / 54 000 26 400 3 / 540 264 4 / 5 2.5~3.0 5 1958 1958 6 [18]9 1959 1959 675 m, 14 m, 5 [19] 1960 1 1, 1958 9 2.3 1960 7 6 7 25
65 2000 m 3 /s 2 [20] 2 [21] 45 50 m 15 m 1960 7 [22]22 1961 1 [23]76 1961 1960 1961 12 m 3 7 m 3[6]61-62,77 1962 1960 3 22 1971, 3 1964
66, 5 (1): 58 70 (2013) [23]78 1963 1964 8 1964 9 [24]275-276 291, 180 46 m 20 50 1962 1964 10 7 000 km 2 1965 1966 3 3 3 [6]60 1965 6 14 [24] 1965 10 1 49 km [22]24 1966 6
67 1969 [25] [26] 4 4.1 1964 1966 4 20, [1]19 10 m 3 1969 8 1966 5 1967 3 5 1967 10 28 1 800 m 3 /s 0.7 m, 5 1566 9840 17 155 364 [6]77 1968 2 4
68, 5 (1): 58 70 (2013) 1968 2 8 [6]78 3 1 1 200 t 3 20 10 14 10 15 [6]77-78 1967 12 15, 1969 [12] 1974 4.2 1968 1968 6 1974 12 18 5 1969 620 65 [27] 220 kv 330 kv 5 30 kw 26 kw 36 kw 320 kv 330 kv 330 kv 20 60 [6]75 4 3 4 1971 3 18 330 kv 1 330 kv 1 1 1 000 kw h [4]47 1974 1975 2 5 1960 5
69 40 2009 60 [28] [1],. [J]., 1999 (5). [2]. [J]., 1955 (12): 5. [3],. [J]., 2009 (15): 4-5. [4]. [M]., 1999. [5]. [EB/OL]. [2013-01- 18]. http://www.hbhp.net/sdz/hhdzfbt.html. [6]. : [M]., 1996. [7]. [J]., 1956 (4): 67. [8]. [J]., 1957 (1). [9]. [M]//,. 57 :., 2002: 305. [10],. [M]//. 100 (1910 2010)., 2010. [11]. : [EB/OL]. [2012-12-10]. http://news.163.com/09/ 0826/15/5HLFPCUA00013LN4.html. [12]. ( ): [EB/OL]. (2008-02-03)[2012-12-10]...http://www.shaanxijs.gov.cn/ web/main/showdetail.aspx?fid=af1dffe0-f33d-469d-be9f- 1c807d5e8a4e&type=1109. [13],. [J]., 1986 (12): 56. [14]. 50 [J]., 2000 (3): 1. [15],,. ( 1958 6 21 ) [M]// ( 2 )(1956 1966), 1993:359. [16]. : [M]., 1958: 1. [17],. [J]., 1987 (2): 33. [18]. [J]., 1958 (16). [19] [J]., 1959 (2): 63. [20]. [N]., 2009-09-03. [21]. : [M]., 1977: 28.
70, 5 (1): 58 70 (2013) [22]. [M]., 1995. [23],,. : [M]., 2010. [24]. : 20 [M]., 1998. [25]. ( ) [M]., 2010: 440. [26]. [J]., 1965 (6): 30. [27] : [N]., 1975-12-23. [28] 60 [J]., 2009 (6): 108. Some Historical Reflection on the Construction of Liujiaxia Hydropower Station Zhang Zhihui (Institute for the History of Natural Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China) Abstract: Liujiaxia Hydropower Station is one of the important hydropower in the upper stream of the Yellow River. It is the first large hydropower station above 1 million kw, designed, constructed and installed by Chinese. The construction started in the 1950s and finished in the 1970s. After completion, the project became the largest hydropower station in China and even in Asia. The design and construction of the project underwent some ups and downs, but was completed successfully eventually. Later on, it was selected as one of the a hundred classic projects for the 60 th anniversary of the founding of New China. The paper, based on the specific facts of Liujiaxia Hydropower Station, reviews the contribution of Soviet experts to Liujiaxia Hydropower Station, and then reconsiders the influences of Double Reverse Movement, the Great Leap Forward Movement, Technological Innovation Movement and the Design Revolution Movement to the construction of Liujiaxia Hydropower Station. Furthermore, it revisits the construction accidents of Liujiaxia Hydropower Station during the Cultural Revolution period, and attempts to draw a few lessons in the last. The paper not only affirms the role of Soviet experts in planning, site-choosing and designing of Liujiaxia Hydropower Project, but also points out that in the context of the anti-rightist, the Chinese water conservancy departments could supply a more relaxed environment for engineering debate, and Chinese experts stood their ground on the technical issues when disagreeing with the Soviet experts, which led to the Chinese experts effective influence on engineering decisions. Besides, under the influence of a series of political movements including the Double Reverse Movement, engineering experts had been forced to stand aside, so the construction was delayed, and the cost increased correspondingly. However, thanks to the sufficient geological survey, core engineering design conforming to the norms, and the effective correction of errors once being discovered, Liujiaxia Hydropower Station basically reached the design target. Key words: Liujiaxia Hydropower Station; design revolution; technical innovation; Great Leap; Soviet Union s aid