39 1 Vol. 39, No.1 2015 1 ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA Jan., 2 0 1 5 doi: 10.7541/2015.1 1 李共国 2 包薇红 2 徐石林 2 王艳 2 谭大鹏 1 黄平沙 (1., 315100; 2., 315012) : 2011 3 2012 2 13, 9,, 95, 24 72 5 10 11 13 4 ; (Brachionus) (Keratella), 22.1%, 20.2%, 1 6,, 7 13, ; 5 (3160 ind./l), ; (Intermediate disturbance hypothesis) Two-way ANOSIM Bray-Curtis :, R=0.264 P=0.1% R=0.234 P=0.1%, (PCA) : COD Cr TN DO BOD 5 ; ph TN/TP : ; ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : Q145 +.2 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : 1000-3207(2015)01-0001-12, 130.96 km; 4572.00 km 2, 105 km, 1934 km 2, 98 km, 2223 km 2,,, 26 km, 361 km 2 1959,,, [1],,,, [2], [3 7],, [8 10], (),, 收稿日期 : 2013-12-02; 修订日期 : 2014-02-23 基金项目 : 宁波市科技计划项目 (2010A80002) 资助作者简介 : (1964 ),, ; ; E-mail: ligongguo@tom.com 通信作者 :, E-mail: huangpingsha@gmail.com
2 39,,, 1 1.1, 13 ( 1), 1, 1 2 ; 3 10 ( ); 11 13 2011 3 2012 2, 1 1.2 Secchi 5 L : (DO) COD Cr BOD 5 (TP) (TN) (Sal.) a (Chl. a) [11] 1.3,, 5 L, 5 L, 5% 13# (112 μm), [2]; Koste De Smet Seger [12 19] 1.4 Margalef (d), (1) : d ( S 1)/lnN (1) 1 Fig. 1 Sketch map of sampling sites in the Yongjiang River, ; Dot: sampling section; Number: sampling section No.; black arrow: the direction of flow
1 : 3, S ; N Shannon-Weiner (H ), (2) : s H p log p (2) i 1, s ; p i i Pielou (J), (3): J H /log 2 S (3) i 2 i, H Shannon-Weiner ; S 1.5 Two-way ANOSIM Bray-Curtis SPSS 17.0 version PREIMER 6.0 version 2 2.1 2 Tab. 1 表 1 甬江干流各采样断面的基本情况 The brief introductions of sampling sections in the Yongjiang River Section Sections (, ) Location (longitude and latitude) Brief condition 1 (29.6543, 121.2407) ; 2 (29.6399, 121.3311) ; 3 (29.7283, 121.4101), 4 (29.7575, 121.4326), 5 (29.7589, 121.4638), 6 (29.8057, 121.5166), 7 (29.8704, 121.5807), 8 (29.8734, 121.5587), 9* (29.8923, 121.5464),, 10 (29.8746, 121.5621), 11 (29.8946, 121.5906), 12 (29.9453, 121.7205), 13 (29.7907, 121.7490), : * ph Tab. 2 Water temperature ( ) 表 2 甬江干流各采样断面水质理化指标的周年变化范围 The physiochemical parameters of water at different sections in the Yongjiang River DO (mg/l) Salinity ( ) Transparency (cm) BOD 5 (mg/l) COD Cr (mg/l) TP (mg/l) TN (mg/l) a (μg/l) 1 6.81 7.02 8.5 24.8 5.8 11.9 0 70 0.33 2.11 1.03 6.02 0.000 0.053 0.929 3.857 1.082 5.398 2 6.76 7.20 9.7 25.7 5.1 10.5 0 100 0.37 2.28 3.17 10.0 0.007 0.125 1.207 4.576 0.849 24.346 3 6.64 6.96 7.8 29.3 3.1 7.9 0 13 57 0.45 4.36 7.06 26.7 0.741 3.112 1.853 6.381 1.506 11.293 4 6.70 7.11 6.8 29.8 1.4 5.6 0 9 35 0.45 5.28 12.8 32.3 0.504 1.745 2.353 7.937 1.506 20.615 5 6.76 7.21 7.2 33.4 1.0 5.8 0 7 42 1.48 4.34 14.9 36.3 0.494 1.361 3.729 8.450 2.355 20.337 6 6.86 7.21 7.4 31.5 0.6 5.3 0 3 13 1.30 6.00 10.3 38.8 0.452 2.662 3.291 8.207 2.396 10.594 7 7.01 7.16 7.7 31.4 1.2 5.8 0 3.5 16 2.62 6.38 16.5 44.2 0.325 1.869 4.405 8.571 2.862 8.896 8 7.00 7.80 7.4 31.2 1.4 7.2 0 3 23 3.38 6.53 9.26 57.5 0.277 1.332 4.319 8.571 3.327 12.370 9 6.91 7.30 6.8 32.2 2.2 8.1 0 19 60 2.19 5.00 1.19 84.0 0.150 0.398 3.421 7.722 5.066 27.533 10 7.03 7.38 7.7 31.2 1.0 5.9 0 4.5 16 3.79 7.52 12.1 90.9 0.348 1.552 3.651 7.377 2.438 9.743 11 7.04 7.46 8.9 32.3 1.9 7.3 0 21.6 3 15 0.36 6.03 2.76 15.6 0.402 0.980 2.026 6.641 0.849 8.622 12 7.02 7.76 8.7 31.8 1.6 9.0 0 23.3 3 16 0.51 4.89 2.56 13.7 0.298 0.833 1.559 5.958 0.849 9.319 13 7.09 7.62 7.6 31.4 3.5 9.9 0 22.8 3 20.5 0.74 5.37 2.59 13.2 0.239 0.805 1.032 6.897 0.849 9.741
4 39 2,, ph,,, (DO BOD 5 COD Cr TP TNa) 2, 9,,,, 9, DO, ;, DO BOD 5 COD Cr,,, 6 8 BOD 5 COD Cr ( 9 ), 10 BOD 5 COD Cr, BOD 5 COD Cr TN TP BOD 5 COD Cr 3 TP, Chl. a,, Chl. a, ( 9 ) 2.2, 95, 24 72 5 10 11 13 ; ( 3),, (Brachionus) (Keratella), 22.1%, 20.2% Fig. 2 2 DO BOD 5 COD Cr TP TN a Annual average of DO, BOD 5, COD Cr, TP, TN and chlorophyll-a content at each section in the Yongjiang River
1 : 5 Tab. 3 表 3 甬江干流中的浮游动物种类 The zooplankton species found in the Yongjiang River Rotifera Anuraeopsis coelata A. fissa Asplanchna brightwellii A. priodonta Brachionus angularis B. budapestiensis B. calyciflorus B. caudatus B. dimidiatus B. diversicornis B. falcatus B. forficula B. ibericus B. leydigi B. plicatilis B. quadridentatus B. rotundiformis B. rubens B. urceolaris Colurella adriatica C. obtusa C. uncinata Floscularia sp. Cephalodella gibba ( 1)Cephalodella sp.1 ( 2)Cephalodella sp.2 Epiphanes macroura ( 1)Encentrum sp.1 ( 2)Encentrum sp.2 Euchlanis dilatata Filinia longiseta F. novaezealandiae F. opoliensis F. passa F. terminalis ( )Filinia sp. Hexarthra mira Keratella cochlearis K. procurva K. tropica ( )Keratella sp. Lecane bulla L. closterocerca L. donneri L. hastata L. luna L. stenroosi L. tenuiseta ( )Lecane sp. Lepadella patella ( )Lepadella sp. ( )Lindia sp. Notholca verae N. labis Polyarthra dolichoptera P. indica Polyarthra vulgaris ( )Polyarthra sp. Pompholyx sulcata ( )Proales sp. ( )Paradicranophorus sp. Synchaeta arcifera Synchaeta kitina S. oblonga S. pectinata S. stylata Testudinella patina Trichocerca pusilla T. similis T. gracilis T. iernis Trichotria tetractis Cladocera 溞 Alona sp. 溞 Bosmina longirostris 溞 B. coregoni 溞 Bosminopsis deitersi 溞 ( 1)Daphnia sp.1 溞 ( 2)Daphnia sp.2 溞 Diaphanosoma excisum 溞 D. dubium 溞 D. orghidani transamurensis 溞 Moina micrura Copepoda Acartia southwelli ( )Cyclops sp. ( )Diacyclops sp. Eucyclops cf. speratus ( )Halicyclops sp. ( )Hemicyclops sp. Schmackeria forbesi S. inopinus Sinocalanus laevidactylus Limnoithona tetraspina L. sinensis Mesocyclops ogunnus Thermocyclops crassus Others Polychaete larvae Lamellibranch larva Gastropod larvae Cirripedia larvae 2.3, 1 6,, 4 (2600 ind./l) 5 (3160 ind./l); 7 13,, 8 (2430 ind./l) 11 (800 ind./l)( 3) 1 2 12 13,, ( ), ( 4) 2.4 ( ) 4
6 39 Fig. 3 3 The abundance seasonal changes of zooplankton communities at different sections in the Yongjiang River Fig. 4 4 The dominant species abundance changes of zooplankton communities in the Yongjiang River A. ; B. A. Brachionus; B. Keratella 4, d 1.24 3.79; H 1.31 2.44, 2.5 Two-way ANOSIM R=0.264 (P=0.1%) R=0.234 (P=0.1%),, Bray-Curtis ( 5),,, 2 2.6, (PCA) 6 PCA1,
1 : 7 Fig. 5 5 The dendrogram for the similarity matrix of zooplankton communicates of sampling sections in the Yongjiang River ; Sp. ; Su. ; Au. ; Wi. Number is the No. of sampling sections, Sp. spring; Su. summer; Au. autumn; Wi. winter,, 1 2 11 12 13 ; 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ; COD Cr TN DO BOD 5 (0.420 0.405 0.398 0.396) PCA2,, ph TN/TP (Sal.) (W-Tmp.)( 0.489 0.486 0.457 0.351) 3 :,,,
8 39 Section Tab. 4 d J' H' 表 4 不同季节甬江干流浮游动物群落的多样性指数 The zooplankton community biodiversity of the Yongjiang River in different seasons Section d J' H' Section d J' H' 1( ) 2.62 0.51 1.33 6( ) 1.80 0.61 1.65 10( ) 1.68 0.81 2 ( ) 2.09 0.79 1.41 ( ) 2.34 0.72 2.09 ( ) 2.10 0.82 2.23 ( ) 2.28 0.81 1.69 ( ) 1.49 0.65 1.42 ( ) 2.62 0.8 2.22 ( ) 2.64 0.62 1.50 ( ) 1.82 0.66 1.68 ( ) 2.27 0.66 1.86 2( ) 2.77 0.50 1.45 7( ) 1.74 0.69 1.77 11( ) 1.36 0.75 1.57 ( ) 1.33 0.99 1.78 ( ) 2.80 0.74 2.29 ( ) 2.39 0.76 2.16 ( ) 1.42 0.74 1.33 ( ) 2.03 0.84 2.28 ( ) 1.95 0.83 1.92 ( ) 3.79 0.91 2.33 ( ) 2.12 0.71 1.98 ( ) 1.83 0.82 1.97 3( ) 2.15 0.77 2.17 8( ) 1.72 0.65 1.66 12( ) 0.93 0.82 1.31 ( ) 2.22 0.79 2.08 ( ) 2.31 0.78 2.30 ( ) 2.40 0.79 2.14 ( ) 1.31 0.68 1.41 ( ) 2.28 0.88 2.44 ( ) 1.80 0.75 1.35 ( ) 2.09 0.76 1.81 ( ) 1.84 0.77 1.96 ( ) 2.43 0.8 1.92 4( ) 1.27 0.75 1.81 9( ) 1.37 0.88 2.03 13( ) 1.38 0.82 1.60 ( ) 2.28 0.86 2.38 ( ) 2.11 0.70 1.94 ( ) 2.32 0.81 2.20 ( ) 2.61 0.79 2.18 ( ) 2.31 0.62 1.68 ( ) 2.96 0.73 1.87 ( ) 2.12 0.68 1.80 ( ) 1.41 0.74 1.71 ( ) 2.62 0.74 2.00 5( ) 1.24 0.73 1.75 ( ) 2.50 0.76 2.19 ( ) 2.67 0.77 2.14 ( ) 2.38 0.65 1.80 : d. Margalef s index; J'. ; H'. 6 PCA Fig. 6 PCA ordination of environmental data for sampling sections in the Yongjiang River [20], [21, 22],,,, 9 8 15, 5 110 ind./l [8], 22 11 4, 160 ind./l [23],, 21 20 14, 400 ind./l, 2 3 [24], 27 8 6 ;, 413 2218 ind./l; [25], 17 24 9 16 8 8 ;, 21 28 6 6 5 5 ; [26]
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12 39.., 2009, 7(5): 16 18] [39] Liu Y H, Zhao H X. Advances in theory of disturbance and species diversity preservation [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2000, 22(4): 101 105 [,.., 2000, 22(4): 101 105] [40] Bao W H, Yang G J, Teng L H, et al. Spatio-temporal variations of main physical and chemical factors and water quality evaluation of Yongjiang River [J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University (Natural Sciences), 2013, 34(3): 324 329 [,,,.. ( ), 2013, 34(3): 324 329] SEASONAL CHANGE OF ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS IN THE YONGJIANG RIVER, NINGBO LI Gong-Guo 1, BAO Wei-Hong 2, XU Shi-Lin 2, WANG Yan 2, TAN Da-Peng 2 and HUANG Ping-Sha 1 (1. College of Biology and Environment, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; 2. Ningbo Environment Protection Science Research and Design Institute, Ningbo 315012, China) Abstract: In this study, water samples were collected from 13 sections in the Yongjiang River from March 2011 to February 2012. Physical and chemical factors were analyzed according to national standards. The structure characteristic and the seasonal changes of the zooplankton communities were measured by the qualitative and quantitative methods. 95 species in water samples were recorded. Among them, 24 genera and 72 species of Rotifera, 5 genera and 10 species of Cladocera, 11 genera and 13 species of Copepoda, and 4 other categories of invertebrate larvae were identified. The dominant species were Brachionus and Keratella, and the abundances of them in the total zooplankton were 22.1% and 20.2%, respectively. The abundance of zooplankton in each section showed a significant seasonal variation. From Section 1 to 6, the abundance peaks appeared in spring, and from Section 7 to 13, the peaks were presented in summer. The maximum peak of zooplankton abundance appeared in Section 5 (3160 ind./l). The biodiversity indexes of zooplanktonic communities were lower in the upstream sections compared with those of mid-downstream sections. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis was used to explain the results. The two-way ANOSIM analysis and Bray-Curtis similarities on hierarchical clustering analysis were used to analyze the similarities of zooplanktonic communities in the river. The results revealed that there were significant difference among the sections (R=0.264, P=0.1%) and seasons (R=0.234, P=0.1%), and the difference among seasons were more significant than the difference among sections. The maximum seasonal difference of zooplanktonic communities was presented between spring and summer. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that in different sections the zooplanktonic communities were affected by COD Cr mainly, followed by TN, DO and BOD 5 ; when the seasonal changes were considered, the zooplanktonic communities were affected by PH mainly, followed by TN/TP, salinity and temperature. Key words: Zooplankton; Community structure; Physiochemical factor; Similarity analysis; Principal component analysis (PCA); Yongjiang River