2007 8 25-26 Roger Hood 1. 1 See the authoritative and magisterial account of the movement to abolish the death penalty for a large number of crimes in Leon Radzinowicz, A History of English Criminal Law, Vol. 1 The Movement for Reform, London: Stevens, 1948. Romilly was a distinguished barrister and write who had been greatly influenced in his thinking about capital punishment by Beccaria s On Crimes and Punishments. 2 Radzinowicz, Vol. 1. at p. 5 3 Radzinowicz Vol. 1 p. 155. 1
4 See the Leading petitions in Radzinowicz Vol. 1, 728-732 at 731. 5 Leon Radzinowicz, A History of English Criminal Law, Vol. 4 Grappling for Control, London: Stevens, 1968, p. 329. 6 Radzinowicz vol. 4, pp. 326-330. 2
9 10 James Fitzjames Stephen 7 Radzinowicz vol. 4, pp. 316-317. 8 V.A.C. Gatrell, The Hanging Tree. Execution and the English People 1770-1868, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1994, at p. 499. 9 Gatrell at 499-500. 10 Radzinowicz vol. 4, p. 333. 3
11 1861 LeonRadzinowicz 12 2. 13 JamesStephen 11 Quoted in Radzinowicz, Vol. 4, p. 339. 12 Vol. 1 p. 607. 13 Leon Radzinowicz and Roger Hood, A History of English Criminal Law, Vol. 5 The Emergence of Penal Policy, London: Stevens, 1986, pp. 661-664. 4
14 15 1867 1871 1878 1878 263 64 1868 16 14 Ibid. p. 677 15 Report of the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1949-1953 (Cmd. 8932, 1953), London: HMSO, p. 9 16 See Gatrell, p. 589-590. 5
17 3. 1929 Leon Radzinowicz 18 1938 4. 17 See Radzinowicz and Hood, vol. 5, pp. 685-688at 688.. 18 See the interest account by Leon Radzinowicz, Adventures in Criminology, London, Routledge, 1998, at p. 247. 6
19 Radzinowicz Sidney Silverman 1948 245 222 14 75 181 28 Goddard 20 1949 19 See Andrew Rutherford, Abolitionism: A Tale of two Struggles in Peter Hodgkinson and Andrew Rutherford (eds.), Capital Punishment. Global Issues and Prospects (1996), Winchester: Waterside Press, pp. 261-277 at 263. 20 Radzinowicz, Adventures in Criminology, p. 250. 7
21 1953 22 Radzinowicz 23. 5. 245 214 21 For an excellent and well-told account of the issues faced by the Royal Commission by an insider member, see Radzinowicz, Adventures in Criminology, chapter 10 at p. 252. 22 See Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1949-1953, Cmd 8932 London: HMSO, 1953, note 22, para 483, p. 167 and Conclusion 39 p. 278. 23 Radzinowicz, Adventures, p. 262. 8
Timothy Evans 1950 Evans John Christie Evans 1966 19 Derek Bentley 11 1953 16 Christopher Craig Craig Bentley 15 Let him have it Chris ( Chris Chris ) Bentley Bentley ( 1998 ) Craig Ruth Ellis 1955 1956 1 1956 2 293 262 48 1957 9
Parker 1962 24 6 1964 Harold Wilson Silverman 355 170 25 1965 1970 31 1969 343 185 1965 1965 Andrew Rutherford 26 27 1966 ( ) 1993 13 24 Quoted in Stephen Shute, Punishing Murderers: Release Procedures and the Tariff, 1953-2004, The Criminal Law Review, Nov, 2004, pp. 871-968 at 875. 25 House of Lords Debates vol. 268 cols 479-483. 26 Rutherford, at p. 264. 10
1982 1983 1987 Stefan Kisko Michael Howard 1994 28 1998 29 30 1965 43 1964 1999 27 According to the British Social Attitudes Survey, even by 1985 the proportion of respondents in favour of capital punishment for murder in the course of a terrorist act was 77%, for murder of a policemen 71%, and other murders 66%. 28 See Gavin Drewry, The Politics of Capital Punishment in G. Drewry, G. and C. Blake (eds.), Law and the Spirit of Inquiry, (1999) The Hague: Kluwer Law International, pp. 137 at 151 and 154. Also, Lord Windlesham, Responses to Crime, vol. 3, (1996) Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 60-61. 29 The Home Office Minister, had announced in the House of Commons on 23 June 1997 that the government had no plans to abolish the death penalty for treason and piracy and that it remained a matter for a free vote. 11
1986 74% 2005 58% 2005 2,616 31% 59% 31 7. 1965 32 1965 11 938 78 (8%) 33 1967 30 The last person executed for treason was the wartime propagandist for Germany Lord Haw Haw who was hanged in 1946. 31 YouGov Poll for The Daily Telegraph 3 January 2006. 32 H.L. Debates, vol. 268, cols 479-485 at 485. 33 See Louis Blom-Cooper and Terence Morris, The Penalty for Murder: A myth Exploded, Criminal Law Review, 1996, pp. 707-717 at 715. 12
34 2003 15 30 35 30 15 34 The European Court of Human Rights in Stafford v The United Kingdom (2002) E.H.R.R., 32,, and the House of Lords in R (on the application of Anderson v Secretary of state for the Home Department [202] UKHL 46; [2003] 1 A.C. 837. Discussed in Shute at pp. 889-900. 35 A. Ashworth, (2005) Sentencing and Criminal Justice, 4 th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press at p. 117. 13
36 2003 37 36 Report of the Select Committee on Murder and Life Imprisonment (The Nathan Committee) HL Papers Session 1988-89, at paras 118-119 and Report of the Committee on the Penalty for Homicide (The Lane Committee) Prison Reform Trust 1995 Sentenced to Life: reform of the law and procedures for those sentenced to life imprisonment, JUSTICE, 1996. 37 Chief Judge calls for shorter murder sentences, The Guardian, March 9, 2007. 14