Data Mining in Acquiring Association Knowledge Between Diseases and Medicine Treatments
88 2 Data Mining in Acquiring Association Knowledge Between Diseases and Medicine Treatments chi 8742613 63 Chen Shih-Yuan Chang Te-Min Data Mining Association Rules Sequential Patterns Medical Treatments
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...1 1.1...1 1.2...3 1.3...4...5 2.1...5 2.2 Association Rules...7 2.3 Sequential Patterns... 12 2.4... 17... 20 3.1... 20 3.2... 22... 26 4.1... 26 4.2... 29 4.3... 31 4.4... 31 4.5... 33 4.6... 35 I
... 39 5.1... 39 5.2... 40... 41 A... 44 B... 45 C... 46 D... 49 E... 55 F... 62 II
1...3 2 KDD...5 3... 20 4... 28 5... 32 III
1... 11 2... 13 3... 14 4... 14 5... 15 6... 16 7... 21 8... 22 9... 23 10... 25 11... 27 12... 30 13 56... 31 14... 33 15... 34 16 01 02... 36 17... 36 IV
18... 37 19... 37 20... 38 V
1.1 [20,24] 1
-- -- (data mining) Fayyad,1996 [12] Agrawal 1993 [4] Apriori Apriori 2
1 2 1.2 1 1 3
1.3 -- 4
-- Association Rules Algorithm Sequential Patterns Algorithm 2.1 KDD Knowledge Database Discovery 2 Fayyad,1996 [12] Chen,1996 [8] KDD 2 KDD 5
: Association Rules Classification Sequential Patterns 6
KDD Association Rules Sequential Patterns Classification Clustering Time Seriers 2.2 Association Rules Agrawal 1993 [4] Apriori transactions items large itemset D T Transactions I Items D = {T 0, T 1, T 2,,T n-1,t n } T D T = {I 0, I 1, I 2,,I m-1,i m } I T Large Itemset X => Y X Y I X Y= minimum support itemsets 7
s% Large Itemset minimum confidence : X -> Y c% X Y Association Rules ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1-itemsets 1 large 1-itemsets 2 1 2 candidate 2-itemsets 2 large 2-itemsets 3 2 4 k large k-itemsets k 3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Apriori Agrawal 1994 AprioriTID [5] Park [15] 1995 DHP Direct Hashing and Pruning --- 1997 Park [16] DHP Cheung FUP Fast Update 1996 [9] Miller 1997 [14] 20~30 $20000~$30000 Clustering 9
20~30 $30000~$40000 2 items Carter 1997 [10] Share Coincidence Dominance Share-based Confidence Frequent Itemsets Guillaume 1998 [13] Apriori intensity of implication I/O I/O Brin 1997 [7] DIC Dynamic Itemset Counting M Solid box Solid circle Dashed box Dashed box 10
1.5 Apriori N Apriori N Dunkel 1999 [11] I/O Dunkel 1 0 1 AND 1 1 A B C A B 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 N-2 1 1 1 1 N-1 1 1 0 1 N 0 1 0 0 11
Shen 1999 [17] Apriori I/O I/O 2.3 Sequential Patterns Agrawal,1994 [6] D transaction I = i 1 i 2 i m-1 i m itemset i i S = <s 1 s 2 s n-1 s n > sequential pattern s j : i 1 < i 2 < < i w a 1 b i1 b i2 a k b ik S p = <a 1 a 2 a n-1 a n > S q = <b 1 b 2 b n-1 b n > < 3 4 5 8 > < 7 3 8 9 4 5 6 8 > 3 3 8 4 5 4 5 6 8 8 X 12 a 2
Y X Y AprioriAll AprioriSome DynamicSome Agrawal,1994 [6] Sort Phase 2 3 2 Customer ID Transaction Time Items Purchased 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 June 25`93 June 30`93 June 10`93 June 15`93 June 20`93 July 21`93 Aug 10`93 30 90 10,20 30 40,60,70 80 110,100 3 June 25`93 30,50,70 4 4 4 4 4 June 25`93 June 30`93 July 25`93 Aug 11`93 Sept 11`93 30 40,70 90 80,120 100 5 June 12`93 90 13
3 Customer ID 1 2 3 4 5 Customer Sequence <(30) (90)> <(10 20)(30)(40 60 70)(80)(110 100)> <(30 50 70)> <(30)(40 70)(90)(80 120)(100)> <(90)> Litemset Phase large 1-sequence 4 4 Large Itemsets L 1 (30) (40) (70) (40 70) (80) (90) (100) Mapped To 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Transformation Phase 5 3 4 14
5 ID Transformed Customer Sequence After Mapping 1 <{(30)}{(90)}> <{1}{6}> 2 <{(30)}{(40)(70)(40 70)}{(80)}{(100)}> <{1}{2,3,4}{5}{7}> 3 <{(30 70)}> <{1,3}> 4 <{(30)}{(40)(70)(40 70)}{(90)}{(80)}{(100)}> <{1}{2,3,4}{6}{5}{7}> 5 <{(90)}> <{6}> Sequence Phase ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 large 1-sequence 2 1 candidate sequence 2 large 2-sequence 3 k large k-sequence k 3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 15
6 L 1 L 2 L 3 1-Sequence Support 2-Sequence Support 3-Sequence Support <1> <2> <3> <4> <5> <6> <7> 40% 20% 60% 40% 40% 60% 40% <1 2> <1 3> <1 4> <1 5> <1 6> <1 7> <2 5> <2 7> <3 5> <3 7> <4 5> <4 7> <5 7> 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% L 4 L 5 = 4-Sequence Support 5-Sequence Support <1 2 5 7> <1 3 5 7> <1 4 5 7> 40% 40% 40% <1 2 5> <2 3 7> <1 3 5> <1 3 7> <1 4 5> <1 4 7> <1 5 7> <2 5 7> <3 5 7> <4 5 7> 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% Maximal Phase L 4 <1 2 5 7> <1 3 5 7> <1 2 5 7> = <(30)(40)(80)(100)> <1 3 5 7> = <(30)(70)(80)(100)> <1 4 5 7> = <(30)(40 70)(80)(100)> L 3 <1 4 5 7> L 3 L 2 <1 6> <1 4 5 7> = <(30)(40 70)(80)(100)> 16
<1 6> = <(30)(90)> 2.4 [3] [2] 17
[1] Association Rules Attribute-Oriented Data Cube Classification Clustering Pattern-Oriented Health Insurance Commission, HIC IBM [20,21] Spencel 1998 [19] Rule Base 18
IMS HEALTH [22,23] 19
3 3 3.1 20
7 7 01 02 N004445100 B019619100 B007152100 B014586100 A022987100 A0109171001 --- 21
3.2 1 Transaction items 8 8 1 01 02 N004445100 B019619100 B007152100 B014586100 A022987100 A010917100 --- Agrawal Apriori 22
A, 2 8 Transaction group Transaction items 9 9 1 1 01 02 1 2 N004445100 B019619100 B007152100 B014586100 A022987100 A010917100 1 2 --- 23
2 2-sequence 2 -- 1 Litemset Phase Sequence Phase B 3 10 24
10 01 1 N004445100 B019619100 B007152100 B014586100 A022987100 A010917100. 02 1 N004445100 B019619100 B007152100 B014586100 A022987100 A010917100. 11 --- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I/O 25
-- 4.1 MYAMBUTOL 400MG TABLETS MYAMBUTOL 400MG TABLETS MYAMBUTOL 400MG TABLETS Apriori 11 C 0.5% 40% 57 12 [ ] [PREMARIN TABLET 0.625MG] 26
11 [ARTANE TABLETS 2MG] [ ] 0.53% 50.00% [EURODIN TABLETS 2MG] [ ] 0.94% 42.60% [KASCOAL TABLETS 40MG 1.35% 41.29% (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE)] [ ] [ADALAT CAPSULES] [ ] 1.00% 65.39% [ ] [ ] 1.89% 40.35% [ ] [PREMARIN TABLET 0.625MG] 1.54% 68.38% [ ] [GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS] [ ] 0.93% 81.94% [EUGLUCON] [GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS] [ 0.87% 77.86% ] 70000 = 0.5% = 40%, 27
4 4 01 02 A B C D E F G H {[01] [02] [B] [F] [01,B] [02,F]} 01 B B 01 F 02 01 B, 02 F 02 F 02 02 F F 02 02 F F D G 01 02 28
4.2 Apriori 2 2-sequence 1 12 D 0.4% 151 <[ ]> <[ ] > <[ ]> <[EUGLUCON] [GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS]> 4.1 29
15 93 12 <[ ]> <[GLIBENCLAMIDE TABLETS 5MG]> 0.60% <[ ]> <[EUGLUCON] [GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS]> 0.87% <[ ] > <[STROCAIN TABLETS]> 0.76% <[ ] > <[PREMARIN TABLET 0.625MG] 0.46% [PROVERA 5MG (MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE) TABLETS]> <[ ] > <[BOKEY 0.84% ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN)]> <[ ]> <[PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG 0.43% (DIPYRIDAMOLE)]> <[ ]> <[ELTROXIN TABLETS 100MCG 0.46% (THYROXINE SODIUM)]> 70000 = 0.4% 30
4.3 13 56 13 8% 13 56 1 [KASCOAL TABLETS 40MG 8.83% (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE)] 2 [PREPULSID TABLET 5MG (CISAPRIDE)] 8.70% 3 [LEDERSCON TABLETS] 8.18% 4 [STROCAIN TABLETS] 8.60% 4.4 5 5 7 31
Support = 0.5% Confidence = 40% Support = 0.4% = 0.5% Support = 5%~30% 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 5 I/O 32
4.5 E E 14 20.00% 44.26% MYAMBUTOL 400MG TABLETS 14... : 20.00% [MYAMBUTOL 400MG TABLETS]... 44.26% E 15 10.00% ZYLORIC URINORM TABLETS COLCHICINE TABLETS 0.5MG "SHIONOGE" 33
15... : 10.00% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ZYLORIC]... 12.47% [URINORM TABLETS]... 16.51% [COLCHICINE TABLETS 0.5MG "SHIONOGE"]... 11.20% 34
~ 4.6 4.6.1 F 27 16 01 02 EUGLUCON GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS 35
16 01 02 EUGLUCON 7.37% GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS 4.6.2 4.5 F 17 18 EUGLUCON LEDERSCON TABLETS 17 EUGLUCON LEDERSCON TABLETS 2.45% 36
18 EUGLUCON 24.65% GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS 20.37% SOLAXIN TABLETS 6.70% STROCAIN TABLETS 5.95% LEDERSCON TABLETS 9.73% F 19 20 TENORMIN F.C. TABLET 100MG (ATENOLOL) NORVASC TABLETS 5MG (AMLODIPINE) 19 NORVASC TABLETS 5MG (AMLODIPINE) BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN) 2.86% 37
20 TENORMIN F.C. TABLET 100MG (ATENOLOL) 8.81% BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN) 17.92% 38
5.1 39
5.2 1 2 3 -- 40
[1],,,, pp. 135-142 [2],,,. [3],,, [4] Agrawal, R., Imielinski, T., and Swami, A. 1993, Mining Association Rules between Sets of Items in Large Database. Proceedings Of the ACM-SIGMOD Conference On the Management of Data, pp. 207-216. [5] Agrawal, R., and Srikant, R., 1994, Fast Algorithms for Mining Association Rules, Proceedings of Conference On Very Large Data Base, pp. 478-499. [6] Agrawal, R., and Srikant, R., 1994, Mining Sequential Patterns, Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Engineering. [7] Brin, S., Motwani, R., and Ullman,J.D. 1997, Dynamic Itemset Counting and Implication Rules for Market Basket Data, ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data, pp.255-264. 41
[8] Chen, M. S., Han, J., and Yu, S. P, 1996, Data Mining: An Overview from a Database Perspective, IEEE Transactions On Knowledge And Data Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 866-883. [9] Cheung, D. W., Han, J., Ng, V. T., and Wang, C. Y., 1996, Maintenance of Discovered Association Rules in Large Databases: An Incremental Updating Technique, Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data. [10] Carter, C. L., Hamilton, H. J., and Cercone, N., 1997, Share Based Measures for Itemsets, PKDD 97 Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, pp.14-24. [11] Dunkel, B., and Soparkar, N. 1999, Data Organization and Access for Efficient Data Mining, ICDE, Sydney, Australia. [12] Fayyad, U.,Gregory, P.S., and Padhraic, S., 1996, The KDD Process for Extracting Useful Knowledge from Volumes of Data, Communication of ACM, Vol. 39, No. 11, pp. 27 34. [13] Guillaume, S., Guillet, F., and Philippe, J., 1998, Improving the Discovery of Association Rules with Intensity of Implication, PKDD 98 Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, pp.318-327. [14] Miller, R. J., and Yang, Y., 1997, Association Rules over Interval Data, Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, pp. 452-461 [15] Park, S. J., Chen, M. S., and Yu, S. P., 1995, An Effective Hash-Based Algorithm for Mining Association Rules, Proceedings of the ACM 42
SIGMOD international conference on Management of data, pp. 175. [16] Park, S. J., Chen, M. S., and Yu, S. P. 1997, Using a Hash-Based Method with Transcation Trimming for Mining Association Rules, IEEE Transactions On Knowledge And Data Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 813-825. [17] Shen, L., Shen, H., and Cheng, L. 1999, New Algorithms for Efficient Mining of association Rules, School of Computing and Information Technology Griffith University, Nathan,QLD4111, Australia. [18] Strikant, R., and Agrawal R. 1996, Mining quantitative association rules in large relational tables, Proceedings of ACM-SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data, pp. 1-12. [19] Spenceley, S. E., and Warren, J. R. 1998, The Intelligent Interface for On-Line Electronic Medical Records using Temporal Data Mining, Thirty-First Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Volume:Modeling Technologies and Intelligent Systems, January 6-9. [20] HIC, http://www.hic.gov.au/ [21] IBM, http://www9.s390.ibm.com/customer/ [22] IBM http://www.software.ibm.com/data [23] IMS HEALTH http://ims-global/com/ [24] http://www.gio.gov.tw/info/drugs/aeg1.html 43
A A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Association Rules Main Program C 1 = {All candidate 1-itemset}; L 1 = {All large 1-itemset}; // generated from C 1 For(k = 2; L k-1 ; k++) Begin End C k = Gen_Cand(L k-1 ); // Generated New Candidated from L k-1 S_Count(C k ); // Count All itemsets L k = Gen_Lg(C k ); // Generated L k from C k Output all large k-itemsets and it s support; // print result Generated all rules from all large k-itemsets(k > 1) and print result // Generated New Candidated from L k-1 Function Gen_Cand(L k-1 ) Begin End C k L k-1 L k-1 ; // Count All itemsets Function S_Count(C k ) Begin Foreach C k If(C k D) C k _Count++; End // Generated L k from C k Function Gen_Lg(C k ) Begin End if(c k _Count > Support) L k C k ; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
B B ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Generated all large k-itemsets C 1 = {All candidate 1-itemset}; L 1 = {All large 1-itemset}; // Generated from C 1 For(k = 2; L k-1 ; k++) Begin C k = Gen_Cand(L k-1 ); // Generated new candidated from L k-1 S_Count(C k ); // Count all itemsets from database D L k = Gen_Lg(C k ); // Generated L k from C k End // Generated 2-sequence from all large k-itemsets Gen_Seq(All large k-itemsets); // Generated 2-sequence from L k (k=1,2,,n) S_Count(2-sequence); // Count 2-sequence from database D Output all 2-sequence and it s support; // Print result ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
C C X Y X Y X Y X Y 55 12 [MESYREL TABLETS 50MG (TRAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE)"M.S."] [DOGMATYL FILM COATED TABLETS 200MG (SULPIRIDE)] [ARTANE TABLETS 2MG] [EURODIN TABLETS 2MG] [KASCOAL TABLETS 40MG (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE)] [SOLAXIN TABLETS] [VOREN ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 50MG (DICLOFENAC)] [VIARTRIL-S CAPSULES] [TEIRIA GEL 100MG/GM (ETOFENAMATE)] [FLUITRAN TABLETS] [TENORMIN F.C. TABLET 100MG (ATENOLOL)] [CAPOTEN TABLETS 25MG (CAPTOPRIL)] [ESIDRI S.C. TABLETS (R)] [BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN)] [HERBESSER TABLETS] [PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE)] [ADALAT CAPSULES] [RENITEC TABLETS 5MG] [RENITEC TABLETS 20MG] X Y [ ] 0.68% 52.53% [ ] 0.50% 63.15% [ ] 0.53% 50.00% [ ] 0.94% 42.60% [ 1.35% 41.29% ] [ ] 0.81% 45.97% [ ] 0.58% 48.97% [ ] 0.61% 66.36% [ ] 0.50% 62.57% [ ] 0.85% 60.16% [ ] 2.00% 66.83% [ ] 0.84% 46.34% [ ] 0.82% 73.39% [ ] 1.72% 48.43% [ ] 0.66% 41.17% [ ] 1.62% 42.12% [ ] 1.00% 65.39% [ ] 0.68% 51.34% [ ] 1.41% 63.40% 46
C [ ] [ ] 1.89% 40.35% [NORVASC TABLETS 5MG (AMLODIPINE)] [ATEOL F.C.TAB.] [ZESTRIL TABLET 10MG (LISINOPRIL)] [PLENDIL TABLETS 5MG] [TRANDATE TABLETS 200MG (LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE)] [MODURETIC TABLETS] [NORVASC TABLETS 5MG] [PROHEPARUM DRAGEES] [HEP-FORTE CAPSULES] [GLIDIAB TABLETS 5MG(GLIPIZIDE)] [DIAMICRON (GLICLAZIDE) TABLETS 80MG "VPP"] [METFORMIN F.C. TABLETS B.P. 500MG] [MINIDIAB TABLETS 5MG] [NCS030510NBD] [GLUCOMINE F.C. TABLETS 500MG (METFORMIN) "P.L"] [DAONIL TABLETS] [DIAFORMIN TABLETS 500MG] [GLIBEN TABLETS] [GLIBENCLAMIDE TABLETS 5MG] [ZANTAC TABLETS 150MG (RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE)] [BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN)] [ISMO 20] [HERBESSER TABLETS] [NITROSTAT 0.6MG] [ISORDIL 10MG TABLETS] [LANOXIN DIGOXIN TABLETS 0.25MG B.P.] [HYTRIN 2MG TABLETS] [ ] [PREMARIN [PREMARIN TABLET 0.625MG] [ ] 1.66% 61.61% [ ] 0.81% 79.77% [ ] 0.71% 70.38% [ ] 1.71% 61.66% [ ] 0.56% 54.69% [ ] 0.68% 55.39% [ ] 0.55% 79.71% [ ] 0.64% 57.79% [ ] 0.91% 54.94% [ ] 0.85% 66.15% [ ] 1.07% 59.35% [ ] 1.00% 73.91% [ ] 1.04% 56.28% [ ] 0.53% 58.90% [ ] 0.63% 78.85% [ ] 0.63% 66.52% [ ] 1.34% 62.88% [ ] 0.74% 80.90% [ ] 0.60% 71.94% [ ] 0.59% 73.75% [ ] 1.43% 40.23% [ ] 0.57% 53.77% [ ] 0.75% 46.32% [ ] 0.53% 58.23% [ ] 0.91% 49.61% [ ] 0.58% 57.06% [ ] 0.63% 41.22% TABLET 0.625MG] 1.54% 68.38% [ ] 1.54% 64.88% 47
C [PROVERA 5MG (MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE) TABLETS] [PROVERA 5MG (MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE) TABLETS] [URINORM TABLETS] [02] [EUGLUCON] [02] [GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS] [EUGLUCON] [GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS] [ ] 0.53% 65.61% [PREMARIN TABLET 0.625MG] 0.66% 80.88% [ ] 0.56% 51.65% [ ] 1.13% 86.70% [ ] 0.93% 81.94% [ ] 0.87% 77.86% 48
D D 151 15 [ ] [INDERAL 10MG F.C.TABLET (PROPRANOLOL)] 0.59% [ ] [ERISPAN TABLETS 0.25MG] 0.90% [ ] [ATIVAN TABLETS 0.5MG] 0.69% [ ] [ROHYPNOL TABLETS 2MG (FLUNITRAZEPAM)] 0.45% [ ] [XANAX TABLETS 0.5MG] 0.43% [ ] [MESYREL TABLETS 50MG (TRAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE)"M.S."] [ ] [DOGMATYL FILM COATED TABLETS 200MG (SULPIRIDE)] 0.68% 0.50% [ ] [ARTANE TABLETS 2MG] 0.53% [ ] [EURODIN TABLETS 2MG] 0.94% [ ] [AKINETON TABLETS] 0.40% [ ] [DEANXIT DRAGEES] 0.67% [ ] [XANAX TABLETS 0.5MG] 0.47% [ ] [MAGNESIUM OXIDE TABLETS 250MG "VPP"] 0.55% [ ] [STROCAIN TABLETS] 0.75% [ ] [LEDERSCON TABLETS] 0.65% [ ] [KASCOAL TABLETS 40MG (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE)] 1.35% [ ] [ERISPAN TABLETS 0.25MG] 0.54% [ ] [PRIMPERAN FILM COATED TABLETS (METOCLOPRAMIDE)] 0.47% [ ] [PREPULSID TABLET 5MG (CISAPRIDE)] 0.88% [ ] [CISA TABLETS 5MG] 0.44% [ ] [MUCAINE TABLETS] 0.62% [ ] [TRANCOLON F.C. TABLETS 7.5MG (MEPENZOLATE BROMIDE)] 0.40% [ ] [SOLAXIN TABLETS] 0.81% [ ] [STROCAIN TABLETS] 0.67% 49
D [ ] [LEDERSCON TABLETS] 1.16% [ ] [ERISPAN TABLETS 0.25MG] 0.43% [ ] [SUWELL TABLETS "EVEREST"] 0.42% [ ] [RELIFEX] 0.47% [ ] [VOREN ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 50MG (DICLOFENAC)] 0.58% [ ] [DORSIFLEX TABLETS] 0.43% [ ] [NBS010020NBD] 0.51 [ ] [SCANOL TABLETS 500MG] 0.45% [ ] [NBS010020NTM] 0.45% [ ] [SIMEGEL CHEWABLE TABLET] 0.47% [ ] [VIARTRIL-S CAPSULES] 0.61% [ ] [NACID TABLETS] 0.48% [ ] [MUCAINE TABLETS] 0.52% [ ] [TEIRIA GEL 100MG/GM (ETOFENAMATE)] 0.50% [ ] [STIN INJECTION] 0.49% [ ] [DITOPAX TABLETS (LEMON-ORANGE FLAVOUR)] 0.56% [ ] [MAGNESIUM OXIDE TABLETS 250MG "VPP"] 0.75% [ ] [FLUITRAN TABLETS] 0.85% [ ] [TENORMIN F.C. TABLET 100MG (ATENOLOL)] 2.00% [ ] [STROCAIN TABLETS] 0.69% [ ] [CAPOTEN TABLETS 25MG (CAPTOPRIL)] 0.84% [ ] [LEDERSCON TABLETS] 1.25% [ ] [INDERAL 10MG F.C.TABLET (PROPRANOLOL)] 0.53% [ ] [CONCOR 5 MG] 0.46% [ ] [KASCOAL TABLETS 40MG (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE)] 0.41% [ ] [ESIDRI S.C. TABLETS (R)] 0.82% [ ] [ERISPAN TABLETS 0.25MG] 0.68% [ ] [EUGLUCON] 1.30% [ ] [GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS] 1.13% [ ] [EUCLIDAN TABLETS 50MG] 0.42% [ ] [BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN)] 1.72% [ ] [ISMO 20] 0.40% [ ] [HERBESSER TABLETS] 0.66% 50
D [ ] [BEHYD TABLETS] 0.45% [ ] [PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE)] 1.62% [ ] [ADALAT CAPSULES] 1.00% [ ] [RENITEC TABLETS 5MG] 0.68% [ ] [RENITEC TABLETS 20MG] 1.41% [ ] [ATIVAN TABLETS 0.5MG] 0.59% [ ] [SUWELL TABLETS "EVEREST"] 0.50% [ ] [NORVASC TABLETS 5MG (AMLODIPINE)] 1.66% [ ] [ATEOL F.C.TAB.] 0.81% [ ] [DIAMICRON (GLICLAZIDE) TABLETS 80MG "VPP"] 0.47% [ ] [METFORMIN F.C. TABLETS B.P. 500MG] 0.40% [ ] [ZESTRIL TABLET 10MG (LISINOPRIL)] 0.71% [ ] [MINIDIAB TABLETS 5MG] 0.47% [ ] [PLENDIL TABLETS 5MG] 1.71% [ ] [HYTRIN 2MG TABLETS] 0.41% [ ] [TRANDATE TABLETS 200MG (LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE)] 0.56% [ ] [ISORDIL 10MG TABLETS] 0.59% [ ] [SANYL TABLETS] 0.40% [ ] [EURODIN TABLETS 2MG] 0.46% [ ] [SECTRAL TABLETS 400MG] 0.46% [ ] [TENORMIN TABLETS 100MG] 0.42% [ ] [TAPAL FOR CHILDREN] 0.46% [ ] [DOXABEN TABLETS 2MG (DOXAZOSIN MESYLATE)] 0.50% [ ] [ADALAT CAPSULES 5MG] 0.47% [ ] [MODURETIC TABLETS] 0.68% [ ] [ADALAT OROS 30] 0.41% [ ] [SIMEGEL CHEWABLE TABLET] 0.44% [ ] [NORVASC TABLETS 5MG] 0.55% [ ] [MUCAINE TABLETS] 0.68% [ ] [DIAFORMIN TABLETS 500MG] 0.49% [ ] [RELAZIDE S.C. TABLETS "STANDARD"] 0.43% [ ] [MAGNESIUM OXIDE TABLETS "KINGDOM"] 0.47% [ ] [DITOPAX TABLETS] 0.40% 51
D [ ] [CAPOMIL TABLETS 25MG (CAPTOPRIL)"WEIDAR"] 0.46% [ ] [PROHEPARUM DRAGEES] 0.64% [ ] [HEP-FORTE CAPSULES] 0.91% [ ] [MAGNESIUM OXIDE TABLETS 250MG "VPP"] 0.43% [ ] [LEDERSCON TABLETS] 0.58% [ ] [EUGLUCON] 3.08% [ ] [GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS] 2.57% [ ] [GLIDIAB TABLETS 5MG(GLIPIZIDE)] 0.85% [ ] [BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN)] [ ] [PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE)] 0.67% 0.76% [ ] [RENITEC TABLETS 20MG] 0.44% [ ] [NORVASC TABLETS 5MG (AMLODIPINE)] 0.41% [ ] [DIAMICRON (GLICLAZIDE) TABLETS 80MG "VPP"] 1.07% [ ] [METFORMIN F.C. TABLETS B.P. 500MG] 1.00% [ ] [MINIDIAB TABLETS 5MG] 1.04% [ ] [NCS030510NBD] 0.53 [ ] [GLUCOMINE F.C. TABLETS 500MG (METFORMIN) "P.L"] 0.63% [ ] [MUCAINE TABLETS] 0.41% [ ] [DAONIL TABLETS] 0.63% [ ] [DIAFORMIN TABLETS 500MG] 1.34% [ ] [GLIBEN TABLETS] 0.74% [ ] [GLIBENCLAMIDE TABLETS 5MG] 0.60% [ ] [EUGLUCON] [B007152100] 0.87% [ ] [STROCAIN TABLETS] 0.76% [ ] [LEDERSCON TABLETS] 0.72% [ ] [KASCOAL TABLETS 40MG (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE)] 0.82% [ ] [ERISPAN TABLETS 0.25MG] 0.51% [ ] [PRIMPERAN FILM COATED TABLETS (METOCLOPRAMIDE)] 0.46% [ ] [PREPULSID TABLET 5MG (CISAPRIDE)] 0.80% [ ] [GASTER S.C. TABLETS 20MG (FAMOTIDINE)] 0.44% 52
D [ ] [ZANTAC TABLETS 150MG (RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE)] 0.59% [ ] [LOSEC 20MG CAPSULES] 0.44% [ ] [MUCAINE TABLETS] 0.70% [ ] [MAGNESIUM OXIDE TABLETS 250MG "VPP"] 0.40% [ ] [TENORMIN F.C. TABLET 100MG (ATENOLOL)] 0.41% [ ] [CAPOTEN TABLETS 25MG (CAPTOPRIL)] 0.45% [ ] [LEDERSCON TABLETS] 0.66% [ ] [INDERAL 10MG F.C.TABLET (PROPRANOLOL)] 0.71% [ ] [LASIX TABLETS] 0.43% [ ] [ERISPAN TABLETS 0.25MG] 0.52% [ ] [BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN)] 1.43% [ ] [ISMO 20] 0.57% [ ] [HERBESSER TABLETS] 0.75% [ ] [NITROSTAT 0.6MG] 0.53% [ ] [PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE)] 1.50% [ ] [NORVASC TABLETS 5MG (AMLODIPINE)] 0.47% [ ] [ISORDIL 10MG TABLETS] 0.91% [ ] [LANOXIN DIGOXIN TABLETS 0.25MG B.P.] 0.58% [ ] [SORBITRATE 5MG ORAL] 0.43% [ ] [HYTRIN 2MG TABLETS] 0.63% [ ] [PREMARIN TABLET 0.625MG] 1.54% [ ] [PROVERA 5MG (MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE) TABLETS] [ ] [PREMARIN TABLET 0.625MG] [PROVERA 5MG (MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE) TABLETS] [ ] [BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN)] [ ] [PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE)] [ [ELTROXIN TABLETS 100MCG (THYROXINE ] SODIUM)] 0.53% 0.46% 0.84% 0.43% 0.46% [ ] [MEPTIN-MINI TABLETS] 0.47% [ ] [BEROTEC TABLETS 2.5MG (FENOTEROL HYDROBROMIDE)] 0.48% 53
D [ ] [ZYLORIC] 0.43% [ ] [URINORM TABLETS] 0.56% [ ] [CLARITYNE TABLET] 0.47% 54
E E 93 EUGLUCON 24.65% GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS 20.37% TENORMIN F.C. TABLET 100MG (ATENOLOL) 8.81% PROHEPARUM DRAGEES 13.76% HEP-FORTE CAPSULES 19.69% PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE) 12.11% PROCIL TABLETS 12.93% ELTROXIN TABLETS 100MCG (THYROXINE SODIUM) 30.93% TAPAZOLE TABLETS 12.84% INDERAL 10MG F.C.TABLET (PROPRANOLOL) 17.90% BEROTEC TABLETS 2.5MG (FENOTEROL HYDROBROMIDE) 12.76% MEPTIN-MINI TABLETS 12.18% ZYLORIC 12.47% URINORM TABLETS 16.51% COLCHICINE TABLETS 0.5MG "SHIONOGE" 11.20% KASCOAL TABLETS 40MG (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE) 8.83% PREPULSID TABLET 5MG (CISAPRIDE) 8.70% LEDERSCON TABLETS 8.18% STROCAIN TABLETS 8.60% SOLAXIN TABLETS 6.70% STROCAIN TABLETS 5.95% LEDERSCON TABLETS 9.73% BISOLVON TABLETS 8MG (BROMHEXINE HYDROCHLORIDE) 11.48% MEDICON-A CAPSULES 9.18% BEROTEC TABLETS 2.5MG (FENOTEROL 8.82% 55
E HYDROBROMIDE) PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE) BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN) 15.52% 14.69% ISORDIL 10MG TABLETS 10.07% LEDERSCON TABLETS 8.30% MAGNESIUM OXIDE TABLETS 250MG "VPP" 9.34% DONISON TABLETS 31.03% DITOPAX TABLETS (LEMON-ORANGE FLAVOUR) SANDIMMUN NEORAL SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES 25MG SANDIMMUN NEORAL SOFT GELATIN CAP. 100MG BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN) 27.59% 24.14% 17.92% DILANTIN KAPSEALS 30.39% TEGRETOL TABLETS 200MG (CARBAMAZEPINE) 22.16% MADOPAR CAPSULES 125MG 23.05% MAGNESIUM OXIDE TABLETS 250MG "VPP" 16.54% ARTANE TABLETS 2MG 22.68% MYAMBUTOL 400MG TABLETS 44.26% COSPANON CAPSULES 9.42% STROCAIN TABLETS 9.42% KASCOAL TABLETS 40MG (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE) EUGLUCON 10.87% GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS 9.99% MEPTIN-MINI TABLETS 14.47% LEDERSCON TABLETS 11.95% PHYLLOCONTIN CONTINUS TABLETS 11.95% PHYLLOCONTIN CONTINUS TABLETS 10.23% THEOLAN CAPSULES 200MG 11.74% BISOLVON TABLETS 8MG (BROMHEXINE HYDROCHLORIDE) 9.96% 56
E MEPTIN-MINI TABLETS 9.96% EXTANCIN TABLETS (GLYCERYL GUAIACOLATE) "H.H." KASCOAL TABLETS 40MG (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE) 8.12% 13.42% PREPULSID TABLET 5MG (CISAPRIDE) 8.97% PREDNISOLONE TABLETS "VPP" 28.99% PLAQUENIL SULFATE TABLETS 27.81% HEP-FORTE CAPSULES 22.33% PREDNISOLONE TABLETS "VPP" 10.34% LOFTYL FILM TABLETS "ABBOTT" 12.07% LIFER TABLET 150MG (BUFLOMEDIL) "CURIE" 10.34% PREMARIN TABLET 0.625MG 17.82% SEPTON SOL (BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE) "SHIONOGI" 11.14% POLYTAR LIQUID 12.80% SPORANOX CAPSULE 100MG (ITRACONAZOLE) 35.45% MEDICON-A CAPSULES 16.67% LEDERSCON TABLETS PREDNISOLONE TABLETS "VPP" PRINATE TABLETS "CHINTENG" (PIPRINHYDRINATE) 16.67% 29.03% CLARITYNE TABLET 13.06% SINOMIN OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION 23.04% SINOMIN OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION 21.28% TEARS NATURAL 19.83% SINOMIN OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION 28.31% SINOMIN OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION 34.52% 1% PRED FORTE OPHTHALMIC SUSPENSION 20.59% SINOMIN OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION 30.88% SINOMIN OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION 30.43% SINOMIN OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION 23.57% FESPAN SPANSULE CAPSULES 23.97% LEDERSCON TABLETS 19.05% PREDNISOLONE TABLETS "VPP" PLAQUENIL SULFATE TABLETS 19.05% 57
E PREMARIN TABLET 0.625MG 36.02% PROVERA 5MG (MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE) TABLETS 28.57% PARLODEL TABLETS 2.5MG (BROMOCRIPTINE) 42.86% CEPHADOL TABLETS 11.38% BISOLVON TABLETS 8MG (BROMHEXINE HYDROCHLORIDE) 12.41% CLARITYNE TABLET 11.70% KEFLOR PULVULES 250MG (CEFACLOR) 10.87% ERISPAN TABLETS 0.25MG 11.08% EURODIN TABLETS 2MG 11.25% SENOKOT TABLETS 18.18% TRENTAL DRAGEE 400MG (PENTOXIFYLLINE) 19.48% TAPAL FOR CHILDREN 19.48% SANYL TABLETS 21.43% DORSIFLEX TABLETS 8.91% EPILON TABLETS "YUNG SHIN" 9.30% CALMDAY 5MG,SUGAR COATED TABLETS 8.53% PARAN TABLETS 12.62% BENZBROMARON-RATIOPHARM 100 9.14% LIPO-MERZ CAPSULES 11.29% PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE) 18.37% ALLORIN TABLETS (ALLOPURINOL) "WILSON" 16.33% AKINETON TABLETS 14.29% LEDERSCON TABLETS 10.92% MAGNESIUM OXIDE TABLETS 250MG "VPP" 50.00% ALUZAINE TABLETS 12.50% DITROPAN TABLETS 5MG (OXYBUTYNIN) 11.11% KASCOAL TABLETS 40MG 11.11% 58
E (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE) BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN) PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE) SONGORA F.C TABLETS (NICAMETATE) "ROYAL" 12.11% 15.66% 25.00% TIDO TABLETS "CHINTENG" 27.27% EUGLUCON 31.82%... BAKTAR TABLETS 400MG 7.46% NEPHRONORM S.C. TABLETS 7.89% MAGNESIUM OXIDE TABLETS 250MG "VPP" 12.64% CAPOTEN TABLETS 25MG (CAPTOPRIL) 10.34% TEGRETOL TABLETS 200MG (CARBAMAZEPINE) 13.79% MONOCLATE-P 100 IU/ML 25.00% PREDONINE TABLETS 25.00% DEXAMETHASONE TABLETS 0.5MG "STANDARD" 57.14% DEXAMETHASONE INJECTION 42.86% PROCTOSEDYL SUPPOSITORIES 11.17% PROCTOSEDYL OINTMENT 12.20% MAGNESIUM OXIDE TABLETS 250MG "VPP" 12.37% HYTRIN 2MG TABLETS 31.38% PREMARIN TABLET 0.625MG 68.96% TOFRANIL S.C. TABLETS 25MG (IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE) "SWPH" 19.85% DITROPAN TABLETS 5MG (OXYBUTYNIN)]...S= 11.76% GENURIN 200MG 13.97%... CORTISONE TABLETS "N.Y." 17.65% 59
E ELTROXIN TABLETS 100MCG (THYROXINE SODIUM) ELTROXIN TABLETS 100MCG (THYROXINE SODIUM) 33.33% 20.00% ATIVAN TABLETS 0.5MG 30.00% HANKBAL TAB 20.00% EUCLIDAN TABLETS 50MG 8.33% STROCAIN TABLETS 8.13% LEDERSCON TABLETS 11.04% TEGRETOL TABLETS 200MG (CARBAMAZEPINE) 18.52% ERISPAN TABLETS 0.25MG 8.54% SIMEGEL CHEWABLE TABLET 9.02% LEDERSCON TABLETS 26.92%... ACETAMINOPHEN TABLETS 500MG "YU SHENG" FENCAINE TABLETS 10MG (OXETHAZAINE)"Y.S." ACETAMINOPHEN TABLETS 500MG "YU SHENG" 62.12% 40.91% 33.85% CLARITYNE TABLET 24.73% EUMOVATE CREAM 0.5MG/GM (CLOBETASONE) 27.91% VITAMIN C TABLETS "JOHNSON" 30.23% RINDERON-V CREAM 0.06% 12.16% POLYTAR LIQUID 18.24% SALIC OINTMENT (SALICYLIC ACID)"STANDARD" 33.33% RINDERON-V CREAM 0.06% 22.22% WINTEN CAPSULES "CURIE" 100.00% B-COMPLEX TABLETS "F.Y." 66.67% SUPROGEL TABLETS "F.Y." 66.67% ERISPAN TABLETS 0.25MG 46.67% 60
E FENCAINE TABLETS 10MG (OXETHAZAINE)"Y.S." FENCAINE TABLETS 10MG (OXETHAZAINE)"Y.S." FLUNARCA TABLET 10MG (FLUNARIZINE) "SINTON" 46.67% 66.67% 100.00% ESTROMON S.C. TABLETS 66.67% FENCAINE TABLETS 10MG (OXETHAZAINE)"Y.S." 66.67% ALKANTIN TABLETS "ROYAL" 40.00% CISDYNE TABLETS 250MG 62.50% TINSAN F.C. TABETS 9.6MG (GINKGOFLAVONGLYCOSIDE) "CHINTENG" 66.67% HYTRIN 2MG TABLETS 33.33% 61
F F METFORMIN F.C. TABLETS B.P. 500MG EUGLUCON 62 2.26% GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS EUGLUCON 4.90% EUGLUCON LEDERSCON TABLETS 2.45% EUGLUCON METFORMIN F.C. TABLETS B.P. 500MG 2.89% EUGLUCON GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS 4.33% EUGLUCON LEDERSCON TABLETS 2.89% GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS GLIDIAB TABLETS 5MG(GLIPIZIDE) 2.71% EUGLUCON GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS 7.37% ZYLORIC COLCHICINE TABLETS 0.5MG "SHIONOGE" URINORM TABLETS PLENDIL TABLETS 5MG URINORM TABLETS TENORMIN F.C. TABLET 100MG (ATENOLOL) 2.12% 2.52% 2.65% GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS EUGLUCON 1.64% ENALATEC TABLETS 20MG (ENALAPRIL) GPIN TABLETS (PIRENZEPIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE)"M.S." BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN) ISORDIL 10MG TABLETS BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN) PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE) HERBESSER TABLETS PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE) 1.84% 2.79% 2.92% 2.48%
F NORVASC TABLETS 5MG (AMLODIPINE) BOKEY 2.86% ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN) BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED 2.86% CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN) PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG (DIPYRIDAMOLE) BOKEY ENTERIC-MICROENCAPSULATED 2.78% CAPSULES 100MG (ASPIRIN) PLENDIL TABLETS 5MG EUGLUCON GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS 2.47% PERSANTIN S.C. TABLETS 25MG 1.58% (DIPYRIDAMOLE) LEDERSCON TABLETS GLUCOPHAGE TABLETS EUGLUCON 1.58% PREPULSID TABLET 5MG (CISAPRIDE) KASCOAL 3.07% TABLETS 40MG (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE) PEPTIDIN TABLETS (R) 2.01% RANIDINE F.C.TAB. (RANITIDINE) "S.T." PEPTIDIN TABLETS (R) CISA TABLETS 5MG 4.66% ERISPAN TABLETS 0.25MG 2.48% ALKANTIN TABLETS "ROYAL" ERISPAN TABLETS 0.25MG 4.77% KASCOAL TABLETS 40MG (DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE) 63