2015 8 No.8 2015 ZHEJIANG SOCIAL SCIENCES 2015 8 Aug. 2015 * 王晶张立龙 100732 102488 DOI:10.14167/j.zjss.2015.08.007 Leira Leira 1992 1 Male bread winner Daly & Lewis 2000 * 11CSH065 60
2015 8 50% 80 Daly&Lewis Daly & Lewis 2000 2011 CHARLS 60 2006 39. 9% 30. 0% 35% 16. 8% 29. 24% 15. 6% 2011 CHARLS 32. 4% 65. 3% 2012 60 11. 6% 14. 3% 21 59. 9% 67. 2% 60 70 30%80 2011 60 60. 2% 15% 1 2 61
87. 29 39. 62 2 71. 6 图 3 2 56. 52 92. 1% 88. 8% 92. 8% 87. 2% 1% 3 CHARLS 3 1 Bettio & Plantenga 2004 -- -- 2013 Esping-Anderson 1990 87.29 89.89 80.63 liberal 39.62 71.48 59.25 71.57 89.26 42.83 56.52 57.51 54.92 welfare regime social - democratic regime / conservative /corporatist regime 62
2015 8 1960 1976 invalid care allowance 1990 care allowance 90 2008 6% care homes 2000 65 2000 85 4% 85 16% care grant Clements 2000 2004 Carers Act 2004 Carers' center respite service 2000 Yeandle and Wigfield 2012 2006-2007 2007 5500 2010 2013 enabling the demand home care package sonal budget per- 2012 300 1980 Carer's Allowance 35 1982 125 21 Fry et al 2011 Fry 2004 1993 2011 50 respite care DWP 2012 care allowance 63
1997 2000 2006 accident insurance 3 2011 353 600 1990 long term care insurance 4 means test 40 65 4O-65 65 65 60-70% 70% 15 50% 25% 12. 5% 12. 50% 1990 2010 65 65 40% 20% 18% 90%* Kroger and Leinonen 2012 2% 10% * 20% 40 64 30% 85 Kroger and Leinonen 2012 30% Kroger and Leinonen 2012 2005 64
2015 8 10% 80% 50% 9037 5 2013 2014 1. 5 300 400 500 6 2014 2011 2012 21. 6 6. 8 24% 9064 65
2. 1 12000 6000 5-10 2014 2011 219 2014 1 1 100 care manager 66
2015 8 7 1 比如在天主教教义中, 个人即是嵌入于一种社会 关系中, 因此施与或接受照料都是个体与生俱来的责任 2 图中的农村 ( 有偶 ) 城镇 ( 有偶 ) 为在有配偶的情 况下, 农村和城镇的受访者所认为的最好的居住方式 ; 农 村 ( 无偶 ) 城镇 ( 无偶 ) 为在没有配偶的情况下, 农村和城 镇的受访者所认为的最好的居住方式 3 为便于分析, 将照料分为两种情况第一, 只照料 孙子女或只照料父母的情况下, 照料孙子女或照料父母 的平均时间 ; 第二, 在既照料孙子女又照料父母的情况 下, 照料在孙子女和父母之间的时间分配表 1 中的一年 内照料的周数, 为受访者及其配偶在一年内为照料其所 有的孙子女 ( 或父 母, 岳父 岳母 ) 的累计周数之和的平 均数 ; 一周的照料小时数为受访者及其配偶在一周之内 9037 为照料其所有的孙子女 ( 或父 母, 岳父 岳母 ) 的累计小 9046 时数之和的平均数 10% 4 在引入长期照护保险之前,40% 的地方自治体为照 护者提供照护津贴, 虽然这种照护津贴并没有纳入全国 67
性的照护体系, 但是一些地方自治体和县基于老龄化的 压力仍然选择支付这一津贴 5 9073 的养老服务格局, 即通过强化社区涉老性 配置标准, 鼓励 90% 的老年人由家庭自我照顾 ; 支持社区 为 7% 的老年人提供居家养老服务 ; 由政府主导 鼓励市场参与, 为 3% 的高龄 失能 ( 失智 ) 老年人提供具有全托 生活护理功能的机构养老服务 62008 年, 针对 80 岁以上的高龄老年人, 上海市政 府专门制定了一个补贴优惠政策, 给符合条件的老年人 提供一半的服务补贴该项制度的享受者必须满足下列 条件 : 一是 80 岁以上, 二是独居, 三是收入低于上海市城 镇职工养老金的平均线, 四是经过失能评估符合某一程 度的失能标准, 五是愿意自己支付额外的一半服务费用 7 第十四条 赡养人应当履行对老年人经济上供养 生活上照料和精神上慰藉的义务, 照顾老年人的特殊需要 1. 费孝通 : 家庭结构变动中的老年赡养问题,1983 年在香港中文大学研讨会上的发言 2. 房莉杰 : 上海市老龄化与老年服务调查报告, 2014 年内部研究报告 3. 刘爱玉 杨善华 : 社会变迁过程中的老年人家庭支 持研究, 北京大学学报 2000 年第 3 期 4. 刘香兰 古允文 : 儒家福利体制真的存在么? 以台湾 照护责任部门分工为核心的分析, 内部讨论会稿件 5. 梅祖培 : 老龄问题研究 老龄问题世界大会 资料辑录, 中国对外翻译出版社 1983 年版 6. 史云桐 : 青岛市养老服务调查报告,2014 年内部 研究报告 7. 王跃生 : 当代中国家庭结构变动分析, 中国社会科学 2006 年第 1 期 8.Bettio,F. and J. Plantenga 2004. Comparing Care Regimes in Europe,Feminist Economics,10( 1) : 85-113. 9. Clements,L. 2010,Cares and their rights ( 4th edition),london: Carers UK. 10.Daly,M. and L. Lewis 2000. The Concept of Social Care and Analysis of Contemporary Welfare States,British Journal of Sociology,51 ( 2) : 281-298. 11. DWP ( Department for work and Pensions),2012. Cares Allowance quarterly statistic( Carers Allowances cases in payment),dwp tabulation tool. Available at: Http: / / research.dwp.gov.uk / asd / index.php? page = ca. 12. Esping - Andersen,G. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism,Cambridge: Polity Press. 13. Fry,G.,Singleton,B.,Yeandle,S. and Buckner,L. 2011.Developing a clear understanding of the Cares ' Allowances claimant group,london: DWP. 14. Kroger,T. and Leinonen,A. 2012. Transformation by stealth: the retargeting of home care in Finland,Health and Social Care in the Community,vol 20( 3) : 319-327. 15.Leira,A. 1992 Welfare States and Working Mothers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 16. Yeandle,S. and Wigfield,A. ( eds) 2012. Training and supporting carers: the national evaluation of the Caring with Confidence program,leeds: CIRClE,University of Leeds. ( 上接第 150 页 ) 瑓瑥边燕杰 张文宏 : 经济体制 社会网 络与职业流动, 中国社会科学 2001 年第 2 期 瑓瑦维弗雷多 帕累托 : 精英的兴衰 ], 上海人民出版社 2003 年版, 第 18 页 瑓瑧李友梅主编 : 上海调查: 2010 年上海居民的经济与社会生活, 社会科学文献出版社 2011 年版, 第 278 页 瑓瑨 Dahl,Espen., Social Mobility and Health: Cause or Effect? British Medical Journal,1996( 313) : 435-436. 瑓瑩刘林平, 郑广怀 孙中伟 : 劳动权益与精神健康 基于对长三角与珠三角的问卷调查, 社会学研究 2011 年第 4 期 瑔瑠 Dahl,Espen., Social Mobility and Health: Cause or Effect? British Medical Journal,1996( 313) : 435-436. Black,Douglas,Jerry Morris,Cyril Smith & Peter Townsend.,Inequalities in Health: Report of a Research Working Group. London: Department of Health and Social Security,1980. 王甫勤 : 社会流动有助于降低健康不平等 吗, 社会学研究 2011 年第 2 期页 瑔瑡 Argyle,M. The psychology of Happiness. NY: Routedge,1987. 刘明前 胡三嫚 : 大学生社团参与状况对其主观幸福感的影响, 重庆文理学院学报 ( 社会科学版 ) 2012 年第 4 期 瑔瑢国家统计局 : 中国统计年鉴, 中国统计出版社 2013 年 版, 第 783 页 瑔瑣托克维尔 : 论美国的民主, 董果良译, 商务印书馆 1991 年版, 第 67~ 105 页 瑔瑤罗伯特 帕特南 : 使民主运转起来 现代意大利的公 民传统, 王列 赖海榕译, 江西人民出版社 2006 年版, 第 195 页 瑔瑥胡荣 : 中国农村居民的社团参与, 中共福建省委党校 学报 2004 年第 2 期 瑔瑦罗伯特 帕特南 : 独自打保龄 : 美国社区的衰落与复兴, 燕继荣等译, 北京大学出版社 2011 年版 68
ABSTRACTS Abstract Group interaction perspective provides important intellectual resources in the analysis of network group phenomenon like " network violence". However this perspective ignores the transboundary factors of network actions like subject quality and social background which leads to the unilateralism of related studies. So many researchers want to search a more comprehensive analysis perspective to study. Under the background of networking when transforming China accelerates interconnection social space is differentiated into " present space" and " absent space" and " system-structure" risk and " technology-society" risk are formed. In the perspective of risk social theory " network violence" occur recently is actually a dynamic process in which the two risks overlap resonate and diffuse because of the netizen' group interaction and the risk results are extended and spread. Understanding this issue deeply is the important foundation that governances " network violence" effectively. Key words network violence social transformation networking spatial differentiation risk resonance Comparison of Elderly Long-term Care System Reflection on the Responsibilities of Family Market and Government Wang Jing Zhang Lilong Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100732 China 60 Abstract The traditional family care function has been gradually disintegrated in the process of the marketization. This paper focuses on the institutional transition path of the long-term care policy in western welfare state. The liberal countries tend to shift the family care responsibilities to the market but social policy cannot bridge the gap of various social demands. The social democratic countries tend to shift the family care function to the public institutions however the expenditure of social welfare has brought a heavy burden to the whole society. Based on the local practice of elderly care policy in China the local government prefers to follow the elderly care framework of central government and put forth effort to construct local elderly care service network but actually there are still system blind zones on family care policy. Key words social democracy regime liberal welfare regime family care policy On the Public Welfare Evolution of Health Care Taking the Policy Changes of Rural Basic-level Health Care since the Reform and Opening-up in China as a Case Shao Dexing Law School Shanghai University of International Business and Economics Shanghai 201620 China 69 Abstract The desalination of the public welfare and the market orientation of health care are considered as the main performances of China's unsuccessful health care reform. However the policy analysis shows that even in the1990's health care policy in China has not completely abandoned the principle of public welfare. So what is the source that leads to the evolution of public welfare in the health care practice What are the problems and challenges that the public welfare returning facing since the new health care reform This paper intends to take policy changes of rural basic-level health care since the reform and opening-up in China as a case. Key words rural basic-level health care the evolution of public welfare policy change The Spatial Limits of Capital The Marxist Spatial Criticism on Capitalism Gao Yulin School of Marxism Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China 76 Abstract Among the contemporary theories of social criticism the Marxist spatial criticism on capitalism 158