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The Chinese National Committee for Man and the Biosphere Man and the Biosphere 20102 Man and the Biosphere

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The Chinese National Committee for Man and the Biosphere = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2010 2 62!!"!!"#$%&'(!"#$!!!!"!!!!"#!"#!!"#!"# ISSN 1009-1661 CN 11-4408/Q!!"!"#!! 82-253!"#$%&'( 399,100044)!"# 1383 BM!"!"#$ 52! 100864 010 83907857! bjmab@yahoo.cn!"#$%&'()! 2010 4!"!"#$%&'(!"!" www.qikan.com www.bookan.com.cn!!"#$%&'() 16.00!"#$%&'()*+, E!=!F MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE ( BIMONTHLY ) (Series No.62 No.2, 2010) Authorized by: Chinese Academy of Sciences Sponsored by: The Chinese National Committee for MAB Published by: Editorial Division of Man and the Biosphere Honorary editor-in chief: Xu Zhihong, Li Wenhua Science advisor: Zhao Xianying, Wang Xianpu Editor-in-chief: Wang Ding General Supervisor: Han Nianyong Executive deputy chief editor: Zheng Hong, Chen Xiangjun Editor: Song Yanbo, Xue Qing Photographer: Zhou Haixiang Art editor: Guo Xiaotao English translator: Irene Bain The tibetan translator: Naoga Sangjie ISSN 1009-1661 CN 11-4408/Q Domestic distribution: Beijing Bureau for Distribution of Newspaper and Journals Subscription: All Local Post Offices in China Subscription code: 82-253 Overseas distribution: China International Book Trading Corporation P. O. Box 399, Beijing 100044, China Overseas subscription code: 1383 BM Correspondence to: Man and the Biosphere Chinese National Committee for MAB 52 Sanlihe Road, 100864 Beijing, P. R. China Tel: 86 10 83907857 E-mail: bjmab@yahoo.cn Printed by: BEIJING SHUNCHENG COLOUR PRINTING CO.,LTD All rights reserved. Acknowledgements the Ford Foundation for funding this issue!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,-. Man and the Biosphere Programme launched by the UNESCO, is a global scientific programme related to the relationship between mankind and the environment. 4 18 20 22 28 32 38 42 48 52 58 60 64 68 74 78 82 88 92!" Man and the Biosphere!"#$!"#$%&'()!!"#$%&'(!"#$!!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"#!"!"#$%&'(!"!"#!"#$%&'(! =============== =!"#$%& 2010 2!"#!"#$% T!"#$%&'!"#$%!"#$%&!!"#$!"#$%!!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()!"#!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'!"#$!"#$%&'!"#$%&'(!"#$!"#$%&!!"#$%&'!!"#$%&'() Man and the Biosphere!!!!!!

CONTENTS 4 18 20 22 28 32 38 42 48 52 58 60 64 68 74 78 82 88 92 Supplementing the Yellow River Her erder ders face an unprec ecedent edented water crisis Report from the wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River (1) A horrible blackened swamp Seven Years of water shortage in the summer pastures Awancang Wetland has dried before Pastures without flocks Shrinking lakes in the nature reserve Photo-story: Digging wells becomes a way out Expert interview: Why are the wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River shrinking? How ow herder ders s are e handling a dilemma Report from the wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River (2) Development quandaries Herders bear the full cost of student study support Does resettlement really reduce grassland pressure? Herders form household groups to manage grasslands A very different choice from individual household contracts More than an improvement for grasslands and grazing Still not a smooth way forward Not the full answer to grassland problems Photo story: The Living Buddha of riverbend temple What drives group household grassland management? Staff Journalist Yan Ju Li Li Staff Journalist Li Wenpeng Li Li Staff Journalist Staff Journalist Yi Rongrong Lin Lan Lin Lan Zhen Xiang Staff Journalist Lin Lan Yan Ju Staff Journalist Staff Journalist SYNOPSIS Special issue: Wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River Grassland management by household groups How herders are handling a dilemma!"#!"#!"#

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180 400 12

60 14

Supplementing the Yellow River 1/3 7% 1-2% 1 30% 10-15% 30% 19

er der s face an unprece Her erder 20 Report from the wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River (1) ed water crisis edented wat ecedent s face an unprec ders fac

dented water crisis 21

A horrible blackened swamp 5 22

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 4 1000 4 4 10 4 3 5 4 1 23

4 50 2 5 24

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 25

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 300 1000 20 2 1 27 4.2 26

10 (tuo) 27

Seven Years of water shortage in the summer pastures 28

50 7 29

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 50 30

3 31

A wancang Wetland has dried before 53 9 20 32

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 33

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 34

2009 35

15 36

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 520 20 12 37

38 8 5 3 3 5 50 5 2 100 without flocks Pastures

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 40 2 4 3 50 4 3 3 200 39

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 3 3 3 3 5000 40 100

41 4 4 3 5 5

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 42

Shrinking lakes in the nature reserve 50 1 1976 12 1984 43

60% 2009 9 17 1986 44

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 45

Herders face an unprecedented water crisis 50 200 2002 3000 2 47

Photo-story Digging wells becomes a way out 2 10 30 48

25 9 2 7 51

Expert interview Why are the wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River shrinking? 53

54 100 50 70 30% 50% 80% 20 1 1981 30% 1981 80 Expert interview

55 80% 5500 30% 20 2 10% 20 60-90 70 1972 1974 700 1000 380 8 15 20 60 60%

56 30 5% 1 10 80 20% 50-60% 20 80 70 Expert interview

57 1.5 10 5000 1300

ow herders are han 58

ling a dilemma How herder ders are handling a dilemma Report from the Wetlands along the first bend of the Yellow River (2) 59

5 24 5 Development quandaries Herders bear the full cost of student study support 60

61 24 100% 66 5 120 1600 10 400 15 400 800 3

Development quandaries 4.6 1.2 2000 3 25 62

Development quandaries 64

65 48 really reduce Does resettlement grassland pressure?

5 2003 30 18000 2 66

67 110 Development quandaries

Herders form household groups to manage grasslands 68

Avery different choice from individual household contracts 40 43 69

Herders form household groups to manage grasslands 90 43 1996 71

Herders form household groups to manage grasslands 15 4 73

Herders form household groups to manage grasslands More than an improvement for grasslands and grazing 74

75 100

Herders form household groups to manage grasslands 100 15-30 76

8-9 15 77

Still not way forward a smooth U 78

Herders form household groups to manage grasslands 19 700 40 700 120 700 200 10000 50 79

Herders form household groups to manage grasslands 20 5 10 40 1 200 80

81, 80 4000 4000 5 50

Herders form household groups to manage grasslands Not the full answer to grassland problems 82

4000 80 1979 1986 83

Herders form household groups to manage grasslands 84

5000-6000 4000 85

Herders form household groups to manage grasslands 7 8 10 87

Photo-story The Living Buddha of riverbend temple 88

90 40 45

What drives group household grassland management? 5 92

94 50

16.00 82-253 ISSN 1009-1661 CN11-4408/Q