2-1 (Psaltery) (Dulcimer) (organ) 15 (Clavichord) 2.1 (Baroque) organ harpsichord clavichord 22
(harpsichord) 3 2.2 1709 Cristofori escapment 2.3 1709 Cristofori 1726 Cristofori 2.4 1726 Cristofori 23
Cristofori 1745 Frederici 2.5 1745 Frederici 18 1776 Americus Backers Cristofori 2.6 1776 Bakers 24
1785 Andreas Stein bumping action (pushing action) 2.7 1785 Andreas Stein (Classical) 2021 5 25
1822 Erard Double escapement 2.8 1822 Erard 1826 Robert Wornum 2.9 1826 RobertWornum 1835 Johann Christian Schleip 2.10 1835 Johann Christian Schleip 26
1850 Erard herz 2.11 1850 Erard herz (Romantic) 15 op. 10 3 27
1912 Schimmel&Nelson 2.12 1912 Schimmel&Nelson 2.13 28
2.14 Contemporary & Modern Debussy Ravel Schoenberg 29
2-2 2.15 (U.S. Patent No. 5353671 1994 ) 30
2.16 ( WIPO No.9745828 1997) 2.17 ( No.380747 2000 ) 31
2000 2b 3b 3h 2.18 (U.S. Patent No. 6011214 2000 ) 32
2-3 1 2 3 5 33
fatar 2.19 (U.S. Patent No. 5696340 1997) U 3 3 1999 59946 32155 9216 101347 1998 66541 33600 6618 106759 1997 60827 28356 5526 94709 1996 53032 26551 4773 87356 1995 66055 27989 4185 98229 http//pianonet.com 34
9 10 35