2016 4 PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol.43 No.2 219 文章编号 :1000-0747(2016)02-0219-09 DOI: 10.11698/PED.2016.02.07 致密储集层原油充注物理模拟 郑民 1, 李建忠 1, 吴晓智 1, 李鹏 1, 王文广 2, 3, 王社教 1, 谢红兵 1 (1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院 ;2. 东北石油大学 ;3. 中国石油大学 ( 华东 )) 基金项目 : 国家科技重大专项 (2011ZX05043); 中国石油天然气集团公司科技重大专项 (2013E-0502); 中国石油勘探开发研究院创新项目 (2012Y-006) 摘要 : 选取准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密储集层岩心样品, 进行原油充注物理模拟实验, 研究致密储集层中原油的运移渗流规律及影响因素, 分析致密油运聚特征和成藏下限条件 致密储集层内原油充注具有启动压力梯度与临界压力梯度两个具有界限特征的压力梯度点, 存在低速非线性渗流和拟线性渗流两种特征 ; 芦草沟组致密储集层原油充注过程中含油饱和度的增长过程可以分为跳跃增长型 快速增长型 平稳增长型 3 种类型, 快速增长型样品所达到的最大含油饱和度最高, 其次为平稳增长型, 跳跃增长型最低 ; 含油饱和度的增长受到孔隙度 渗透率 原油黏度 驱替压力梯度耦合控制, 各要素相互影响 相互补偿 绘制的致密储集层原油聚集成藏判定图版显示, 只有压力梯度突破临界压力梯度进入拟线性渗流区后, 才能达到致密储集层含油饱和度为 30% 的下限值 稳定的致密储集层很难实现油气的先致密后成藏, 而常规储集层油气充注后地层压实胶结与矿物次生加大胶结可能是形成致密油, 并具有较高含油饱和度的原因 图 8 表 3 参 22 关键词 : 致密储集层 ; 原油充注物理模拟 ; 非线性渗流 ; 成藏下限 ; 吉木萨尔凹陷 ; 二叠系芦草沟组 中图分类号 :TE122 文献标识码 :A Physical modeling of oil charging in tight reservoirs: A case study of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China ZHENG Min 1, LI Jianzhong 1, WU Xiaozhi 1, LI Peng 1, WANG Wenguang 2, 3, WANG Shejiao 1, XIE Hongbing 1 (1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China; 3. China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao 266580, China) Abstract: Modeling experiments of oil charging were conducted to find out patterns and affecting factors of oil migration and seepage in tight reservoirs, and analyze oil migration and accumulation and low limit conditions of tight oil accumulation using core samples from tight reservoir beds of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar Sag of the Junggar Basin. Crude oil charging in tight reservoir beds has two pressure gradient points (start-up pressure gradient and critical pressure gradient, and has two features: low velocity non-darcy seepage, quasi-linear seepage). During crude oil charging in tight reservoir beds in the Lucaogou Formation, the process of oil saturation increase can be divided into three types: saltation increase, quick increase and stable increase. Samples of quick increase type reached the highest oil saturation, the second place is the stable increase type, and saltation increase type is the last. Oil saturation increase is controlled by the combined effect of porosity, permeability, oil viscosity and displacement pressure gradient. These factors interact and complement one another. By establishing template for oil accumulation in tight reservoir beds, it can be seen that only when pressure gradient breaks through the critical pressure gradient and the oil flow is quasi-linear, can oil saturation reaches the lower limit value (30%) in tight reservoir beds. It is hard for stable tight reservoir beds to become tight firstly and be charged with oil and gas later; while for conventional reservoir beds, after oil and gas charging, the formation compaction, cementation, and secondary mineral outgrowth may be the reasons for the formation of tight oil accumulation with high oil saturation. Key words: tight reservoir; oil charging physical modeling; non-linear seepage; hydrocarbon accumulation threshold; Jimsar Sag; Permian Lucaogou Formation 0 20 [1-10] 10 10 3 μm 2 15%
220 Vol. 43 No.2 [11-12] 1 - [13-15] 0.5~ 2.0 m 20~60 m - 100~1 000 km 2 1 2.50%~16.27% 8.75% 1.1 储集层物性特征 0.1 10 3 μm 2 0.05 10 3 μm 2 100~500 nm 图 1 准噶尔盆地构造纲要及研究区取心井位置图 [16] 5 TOC HI 3 1 ⅠTOC 4% 7.22%HI 617 mg/g 2 9.4% 0.063 7 10 3 Ⅰ Ⅱ 1 TOC μm 2 536 km 2 15 m 2%~4% 3.32%HI 500 mg/g 6% 11 3 Ⅰ 1 Ⅱ 2 180 km 2 TOC 2% 1.54%HI 311 172-H 70 t mg/g 20~26 m 3[17] 1.3 原油性质 20 m 871 km 2 34.8 m 70%~95% 0.8~0.9 g/cm 3[17] 9.34% 0.023 1 10 3 μm 2[17] 0.88~0.93 1.2 烃源岩发育特征 g/cm 3 4~44 50 80% 44~552 mpa s
2016 4 221 1.5 1.4 致密油富集特征 R o 0.5% R o 0.7% 图 2 原油运移成藏物理模拟实验装置示意图 表 1 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组实验样品基本参数统计表 / /% 10 3 μm 2 J32 0.04 12.68 J31-2 5.56 17.92 JX-J5 0.10 9.86 2 2.1 实验装置与实验条件 4 2 ISCO100DX 0.01 μl/min 68.9 MPa 0~30 MPa 20~ 150 0.05~ 5.00 ml/min 1% JX-S1 0.10 13.25 6285-2011 [18] J31-2 50 MPa 1~55 MPa CaCl 2 150 g/l 1.02 g/cm 3 0.9 mpa s 10.1 mpa s 2.2 实验流程 0~0.01 ml/min 1% 3~5 min 174 2% 2.50 0.03 cm 3.44~ 6.50 cm 6 4 1 9.86%~17.92%0.04~5.56 p 1 10 3 μ m 2 SY/T
222 Vol. 43 No.2 v 1 Q 1 Q 1 p 2 v 2 Q 2 Q 2 p 3 p 4 p 10 v 3 v 4 v 10 Q 3 Q 4 Q 10 Q 3 Q 4 Q 10 3 [2-5] [1-5] p/l=b 3 0 0 p L a 3 3 v p L a a p L b 2 3 3.1 原油非线性运移渗流特征参数 3 ( b a) p L b ( b a) p L b [19] 1 p/l<a - [20] a p/l<b p/l b - [2-5] [21] λ a b J31-2 3 [1] 2 3a 表 2 实验样品渗流特征参数表 / / 10 3 μm 2 (mpa s) 1 10 3 μm 2 (mpa s) 1 / 10 3 μm 2 / mpa s / % / mpa cm 1 J32 0.04 10.1 6.98 0.004 0 6.37 10 6 2.022 2.693 J31-2 5.56 10.1 17.92 0.550 5 2.33 0.001 62 0.023 26 JX-J5 0.10 10.1 9.86 0.009 9 4.26 10 5 1.023 1.483 JX-S1 0.10 10.1 13.25 0.009 9 1.15 10 4 0.634 1.027 / mpa cm 1 图 3 实验样品的流速 含油饱和度与压力梯度对应关系 3.2 实验岩心含油饱和度特征参数 3 3b
2016 4 223 表 3 实验样品含油饱和度统计表 / / 10 3 μm 2 % /% J32 0.04 6.98 41.91 J31-2 5.56 17.92 63.90 JX-J5 0.10 9.86 52.66 JX-S1 0.10 13.25 55.80 4 J32 J31-2 JX-J5 JX-S1 3a 4.1.2 致密储集层原油低速非达西渗流的影响因素 3a 4.1 致密储集层原油非线性渗流特征及影响因素 4.1.1 致密储集层原油流动低速非达西渗流特征 K/μ 4K 5 4a 4c 4d 4f 0.05 10 3 μm 2 4.1.3 致密储集层原油渗流特征区域划分 图 4 原油非线性渗流特征参数与视流度 平均孔隙半径对应关系散点图
224 Vol. 43 No.2 1 5a 2 5b 图 5 致密储集层原油流动状态图版 4.2 致密储集层含油饱和度增长特征及影响因素 - 4.2.1 致密储集层含油饱和度增长过程 3b 3 60%~70% 50%~60% 45% 4.2.2 致密储集层最大含油饱和度的影响因素 3 3 3b1 J32 2 2 J31-2 63.9%3 JX-J5 JX-S1 4.2.3 含油饱和度耦合控制图版
2016 4 225 图 6 致密储集层压力梯度 孔隙度和渗透率对含油饱和度的耦合控制图 ( 图中百分数为含油饱和度 ) 图 7 致密储集层原油聚集成藏判定图版 4.3.1 致密储集层原油聚集成藏判定图版 6 30% 30% 40% 30% 35% 40% 4.3 致密储集层原油聚集成藏分析 - - 7 7 30% -- - - 30% 4.3.2 致密储集层原油聚集成藏机理讨论 30% p 0.136 8 L K 1.003 2 p 8.205 4L 4K 5 3 2.174 2 3 2
226 Vol. 43 No.2 3 30% 30% 30% AB A B C A D 8 D DB 5 3 B 3 60%~70% 50%~60% 45% [22] 30% 图 8 致密储集层原油充注物理模拟的压力梯度变化过程
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