204 /03 23 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY DOI 0. 3969 /j. issn. 674-939. 204. 03. 004 利用人口普查数据, 对我国少数民族在业人口的职业结构进行分析发现 : 第一, 少数民族总体的在业人口职业分布中, 除农 林 牧 渔 水利业生产人员占比远远超过总人口和汉族外, 其余各职业人口比例均低于总人口和汉族人口的水平第二, 在业人口职业结构的性别差异及变化趋势说明女性地位在 990 ~ 200 年间的逐步提高第三, 从脑力劳动和体力劳动的比例看, 少数民族脑力劳动占比低, 体力劳动占比超过 90%, 农村体力劳动占比接近 70% 第四, 各少数民族在业人口职业结构的多样化程度有所提高第五, 各少数民族间职业结构的族际差异显著第六, 城镇化水平及人口受教育程度是决定在业人口职业结构的主要因素根据以上分析, 我们认为近十年来, 少数民族的社会排斥程度在上升这种上升已经或正在引起一些社会问题, 甚至是政治稳定问题, 应引起高度关注为此, 首先要进一步加强对少数民族教育的支持力度其次, 在公务员招考中, 应提高少数民族的比例, 使得其与人口比例相称第三, 规定在少数民族地区的项目中, 规定招收少数民族工人的比例, 并对超过比例的给予鼓励 少数民族人口 ; 人口普查 ; 职业结构 C924. 2 A 674-939 204 03-0009 - 2009 09&ZD0 20XWD - S0202 962-6004 4 55 ( 一 ) 少数民族人口职业构成及其变化 990 2000 200 9 2 3 990 2000 200
JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 204 /03 23 200 0. 767. 2 6. 73 48. 332% 46. 398% 69. 373% 22. 48% 23. 4% 6. 7% 6. 79% 22. 247 23. 95 3. 325 2. 38% 9. 48% 5. 452 4. 32% 200 2000 4. 46% 2. 82% 6. 828% 7% 0. 03 0. 25 4. 94% 0. 8. 77%. 25. 85% 0. 93%. 20 0. 244. 22. 26 0. 74 990 ~ 200 2. 402 3. 47 8. 972000 ~ 200 32. 258 7. 323 7. 582 6. 995 7. 262 3. 923 6. 28 6. 688 9. 399 33. 375 9. 57 6. 655 2000 ~ 200 6. 805 4. 664 990 ~ 2000 2 0 % 2000 ~ 200 990. 750 5. 34. 742 5. 405 70. 579 5. 60 0. 049. 788 5. 385. 777 5. 576 69. 593 5. 830 0. 05. 286 4. 440. 33 3. 304 82. 698 6. 928 0. 03 200 990 2000. 668 5. 703 3. 097 9. 77 64. 460 5. 828 0. 066. 722 5. 80 3. 94 9. 525 63. 086 6. 607 0. 066 0. 02. 4 4. 692 2. 084 5. 554 78. 772 7. 76 0. 069 0. 059 0. 352 200. 77 6. 828 4. 38 6. 72 48. 332 22. 483 0. 097. 54. 847 7. 002 4. 455 6. 787 46. 398 23. 42 0. 099. 67 0. 934 4. 936 2. 824 9. 477 69. 373 2. 380 0. 076 0. 496 990 2. 576 2000 200 2. 678. 5 0
204 /03 23 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 74% 2 /3 2 ~ 3 990 990. 4% 200 0. 934%. 286% 2000 68. 37% 68. 25% 70. 84% 990 ~ 200 55% 53% 990 89. 02% 2000 82. 9% 200 73. 55% 990 59. 44% 2000 50. 82% 200 48. 99% 990 76. 9% 2000 70. 05% 200 66. 87% 990 49. 04% 2000 46. 49% 200 45. 72% 5% ~ 52% 990 68. 64% 2000 69. 54% 200 ( 二 ) 70. 84% 分性别职业结构 200 990 ~ 200 55. 35% 55. 47% 53. 95%
JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 204 /03 23 2 % 990 2000 200 55. 04 44. 96 55. 4 44. 86 53. 82 46. 8 54. 66 45. 34 54. 77 45. 23 53. 43 46. 57 55. 35 44. 65 55. 47 44. 53 53. 95 46. 05 88. 49. 5 88. 46. 54 89. 02 0. 98 83. 25 6. 75 83. 3 6. 69 82. 9 7. 8 74. 86 25. 4 74. 93 25. 07 73. 55 26. 45 54. 75 45. 25 54. 43 45. 57 59. 44 40. 56 48. 27 5. 73 48. 07 5. 93 50. 82 49. 8 48. 89 5. 48. 88 5. 2 48. 99 5. 0 74. 34 25. 66 74. 8 25. 82 76. 9 23. 69. 74 30. 26 69. 72 30. 28 70. 05 29. 95 67. 00 33. 00 67. 0 32. 99 66. 87 33. 3 5. 3 48. 87 5. 23 48. 77 49. 04 50. 96 50. 0 49. 99 50. 2 49. 79 46. 49 53. 5 48. 26 5. 74 48. 39 5. 6 45. 72 54. 28 52. 06 47. 94 52. 47. 89 5. 56 48. 44 5. 48 48. 52 5. 46 48. 54 5. 64 48. 36 50. 80 49. 20 50. 69 49. 3 5. 62 48. 38 64. 32 35. 68 64. 7 35. 83 68. 64 3. 36 66. 57 33. 43 66. 44 33. 56 69. 54 30. 46 68. 37 3. 63 68. 25 3. 75 70. 84 29. 6 57. 55 42. 45 57. 53 42. 47 58 42. 00 63. 79 36. 2 63. 57 36. 43 66. 04 33. 96 62. 5 37. 49 62. 65 37. 35 60. 65 39. 35 ( 三 ) 脑力劳动和体力劳动 5 3 2000 ~ 200 3 ~ 6 8 3 990 2000 200 8. 8 8. 95 7. 04 0. 47 0. 72 7. 89 2. 92 3. 30 8. 69 9. 9 9. 05 92. 96 89. 53 89. 28 92. 87. 08 86. 70 9. 3 200 70. 58 69. 59 82. 70 64. 46 63. 09 78. 77 48. 33 46. 40 69. 37 2. 92% 20. 6 2. 46 0. 26 25. 07 26. 20 3. 34 38. 75 40. 30 2. 93 38. 75% 48. 33% 3. 30% 40. 3% 46. 4% 8. 69% 2. 93% ( 一 ) 少数民族人口职业结构族际差异的 69. 37% 一般趋势 55 990 ~ 200 4 200 0 2 990 ~ 0. 87 2000. 85 2000 ~ 200 0. 8 990 ~ 2000 0. 85 0. 73 0. 64 2
204 /03 23 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 0. 58 0. 26 OD = 990 ~ 200 N i = x 2 i x i i N 990. 92000 2. 2200 3. 5 990. 942000 0. 25 2. 28200 3. 27 4 990. 442000. 58 200. 97 990 200 9 9 0. 85 6. 26 2. 08 3. 77 79. 04 6. 94 0. 06 7. 22 2. 74 9. 42 8. 77 96. 37 37. 0 0. 53 0. 29. 09 0. 27 0. 48 6. 3 0. 93 0. 00. 65 5. 65 2. 06 4. 06 9. 87 7. 52 0. 0. 89 0. 90 0. 99. 08 0. 25. 08 2. 05 2000 ~ 200. 73 6. 49 3. 23 6. 04 75. 79 6. 65 0. 05 2 8. 92 28. 57 5. 4 9. 70 94. 87 23. 68 0. 32 0 0 0. 00. 36 0. 39. 6 9. 87 0. 80 0. 00 0. 74 5. 36 3. 27 5. 0 8. 80 5. 25 0. 07. 00 0. 83. 0 0. 83 0. 25 0. 79. 39. 28 6. 39 4. 6 9. 82 67. 83 0. 48 0. 04 2 5. 59 24. 27 8. 53 32. 97 89. 69 25. 55 0. 2 200 8 0 0. 6. 53 0. 93. 88 6. 34 2. 26 0. 00 990 ~ 0. 4. 64 3. 53 6. 3 7. 75 6. 04 0. 04 200 5 0. 87 0. 73 0. 85 0. 64 0. 26 0. 58. 5 5 00 55 % 990 2000 200 200 49 50% 89. 69% 6. 09 84. 07 9. 84 2000 5. 28 88. 56 6. 5 3. 68 92. 9 3. 4 9. 3 5. 65 29. 05 3. 05 93. 84 3. 80% 2. 43 80. 26 7. 3 3 55 990 ~ 2000 4. 97 88. 48 6. 55 4. 97 88. 48 6. 55 4. 97 0. 64 6. 7 27. 65 0. 64 6. 7 27. 65 0. 64. 7 66. 95 2. 34. 7 66. 95 2. 34. 7 6. 09 84. 07 9. 84 6. 09 3. 57 92. 73 3. 69 3. 57 92. 73 3. 69 3. 57 3. 55 93. 26 3. 9 3. 55 93. 26 3. 9 3. 55 5. 28 88. 56 6. 5 5. 28 8. 66 86. 7 5. 6 8. 66 86. 7 5. 6 8. 66 4. 98 70. 33 4. 69 4. 98 70. 33 4. 69 4. 98 4. 9 90. 5 4. 9 90. 5 4. 9 3. 68 92. 9 3. 4 3. 68 4. 24 9. 68 4. 07 4. 24 9. 68 4. 07 4. 24 7. 35 82. 3 0. 34 7. 35 82. 3 0. 34 7. 35 9. 3 5. 65 29. 05 9. 3 3. 05 93. 84 3. 3. 05 4. 8 9. 4. 09 4. 8 9. 4. 09 4. 8 2. 43 80. 26 7. 3 2. 43 3. 69 92. 9 3. 4 3. 69 92. 9 3. 4 3. 69
JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 204 /03 23 ( 二 ) 分职业族际差异 2.. 200. 77% 200. 85% 0. 93% 55 6. 83% 7% 4. 94% 5. 59% 24. 27% 0. 6% 35. 53% 5 55 2 6 3 30 0. 93% 28 200 990 200 990 8 46 36 2000 200 2000 6 39 3. 5 40 990. 29% 2000 % 200 0. 76% 990 0. 87% 2000 0. 84% 200 0. 47% 990 2000 200 990 2000 200 990 2000 200 9 8 2 9 20 6 20 8 5 6 4 3 6 7 7 6 6 30 33 30 30 28 28 28 2 24 200 4. 32% 4. 46% 2. 82% 990 55 6 8. 53% 0. 93% 20 6 5 6 4
204 /03 23 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 24 23. 4% 2. 38% 2. 82% 990 6 4. 2 33 200 6. 6. 7% 6. 79% 9. 48% 55 200 32. 97% 48. 33% 46. 4%. 88% 7. 5 69. 37% 55 9 89. 69% 6. 34% 73. 35 2 6 2 34 7 990 2000 200 990 2000 200 3 9 0 3 4 9 2 6 6 2 38 35 34 39 36 33 5. 200 2000 22. 83 48 200 22. 04 22. 48% 5 55 200 25. 55% 2. 26% 23. 29 28 200 990 6 32. 8
JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 204 /03 23 990 2000 5 2 990 6 2000 5 200 4 2 990 2000 5 55 200 3 990 3 2000 2 200 6 2000 200 2 990 6 2000 7 990 2000 36 200 28 ( 三 ) 职业区位商 200 2 990 5 2000 6 200 7 55 990 3 2000 200 9 00 = i i / 8 990 ~ 200 8 990 0. 50 0. 60 0. 52 0. 42. 25 0. 28. 26. 6. 3. 70 0. 87. 2. 36. 36. 2. 09 0. 95. 0 0. 50 0. 78 0. 62 0. 68. 9 0. 4 0. 34 0. 43 0. 40 0. 22. 3 0. 6 0. 39 0. 40 0. 43 0. 8. 32 0. 5 0. 52 0. 64 0. 58 0. 40. 25 0. 26 0. 74. 8 0. 65 0. 28. 22 0. 24. 54. 76. 67 0. 92. 00 0. 63 0. 45 0. 59 0. 55 0. 32. 28 0. 22 0. 33 0. 45 0. 4 0. 9. 32 0. 6 0. 46 0. 50 0. 46 0. 24. 30 0. 8 990. 02. 0. 02. 03 0. 99. 04 0. 70 0. 90 0. 77 0. 45. 7 0. 52 0. 73 0. 84 0. 75 0. 6. 7 0. 46 2. 33 2. 29. 76. 78 0. 73. 27 2000. 03. 02. 03. 04 0. 98. 05 0. 30 0. 34 0. 42 0. 9. 33 0. 4 0. 67 0. 82 0. 67 0. 6. 22 0. 49 0. 40 0. 55 0. 69 0. 33. 29 0. 5 200. 04. 03. 03. 04 0. 96. 04. 04. 66. 03 0. 54. 4 0. 29 0. 53 0. 72 0. 65 0. 59. 44 0. 55 0. 34 0. 44 0. 42 0. 23. 32 0. 4 2000 0. 37 0. 69 0. 53 0. 55. 24 0. 55 8 00. 33. 0. 25. 5 0. 92 0. 89 9. 27. 20. 05 0. 94. 02 0. 84 0. 50 0. 94 0. 63 0. 60. 25 0. 37 990 2 6
204 /03 23 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 0. 32 0. 47 0. 37 0. 32. 35 0. 37 0. 35 0. 44 0. 35 0. 24. 40 0. 9 0. 49 0. 69 0. 57 0. 53. 24 0. 54 0. 60 0. 93 0. 59 0. 27. 35 0. 6. 33. 45. 8 0. 74. 0 0. 52 0. 47 0. 68 0. 48 0. 43. 27 0. 52 0. 38 0. 49 0. 40 0. 28. 36 0. 3 0. 42 0. 58 0. 46 0. 34. 32 0. 38 0. 64 0. 9 0. 70 0. 59. 23 0. 43 2. 20 2. 0. 72. 86 0. 73 0. 94 0. 30 0. 40 0. 29 0. 28. 40 0. 20 0. 34 0. 56 0. 49 0. 35. 38 0. 7. 2. 69. 02 0. 37. 20 0. 30 0. 38 0. 52 0. 37 0. 4. 38 0. 6 200 0. 36 0. 60 0. 55 0. 58. 43 0. 63 0. 99 0. 98. 02. 20. 09 0. 67. 02. 08 0. 92 0. 8. 2 0. 68 0. 26 0. 62 0. 45 0. 37. 7 0. 20 0. 30 0. 46 0. 45 0. 4. 46 0. 77 0. 29 0. 4 0. 38 0. 3. 7 0. 33 0. 50 0. 75 0. 72 0. 66. 25 0. 89 0. 43 0. 75 0. 63 0. 30. 72 0. 6 0. 92. 33. 7 0. 68. 3 0. 44 0. 42 0. 66 0. 62 0. 55. 3 0. 87 0. 32 0. 52 0. 50 0. 38. 43 0. 8 0. 33 0. 54 0. 5 0. 39. 53 0. 60 0. 50 0. 86 0. 76 0. 60. 38 0. 60 2. 8. 97. 5 2. 04 0. 55 0. 74 0. 23 0. 38 0. 34 0. 43. 63 0. 44 0. 32 0. 42 0. 53 0. 44. 68 0. 26 0. 70. 08 0. 85 0. 32. 60 0. 22 0. 24 0. 46 0. 44 0. 48. 66 0. 28 5 / 200 55 / 0. 68 / 0. 7292 0. 6788 3 7
JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 204 /03 23 0 0. 8239 0. 7735 0. 842 0. 895 0. 863 0. 9573 0. 8355 0. 7752 0. 8986 0. 855 0. 684 0. 650-0. 9437-0. 8377-0. 8293 0. 5527 0. 4900 0. 3493 0. 8993 0. 856 0. 9555-0. 8993-0. 856-0. 9555-0. 9437-0. 8377-0. 8293 0. 822 0. 6768 0. 5769 / 0. 8539 0. 7967 0. 982 / 0. 8253 0. 696 0. 7688 0. 929 0. 8222 0. 8599 200 6 0. 7735 0. 863 0. 7752 0. 684 4-0. 8377 0. 49 0. 842 0. 9573 0. 8986 0. 650-0. 8293 0. 3493 990 200 8
204 /03 23 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 990 990 ~ 200. K. 997. 90% 70%. 990 3 G. 2002. 4. 200 G. 202. 5. R203. 2 G. 992.. 2000 204-03 - 24 9
204 /03 23 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY A Study on the Change in Occupational Structure of China s Ethnic Minorities ZHENG Changde Southwest University for NationalitiesChengduSichuan6004China JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGYVOL. 5NO. 309-9204 CN5-73 /C in Chinese DOI 0. 3969 /j. issn. 674-939. 204. 03. 04 Abstract The occupational structure of the employed population and its changes reflect the level of economic development and the change of social status of a population group. Based on census datathis paper analyzes the occupational structure of the employed population of China s ethnic minorities. It shows that Among the employed population of the ethnic minorities excepting those people who are engaged garding thisthe author thinks thatfirstlysupport to ethnic minority education should be enhanced secondly the proportion of ethnic minority people in civil servant recruitment should be improved thirdlythe proportion of the employment of ethnic minority workers in projects in ethnic minority regions should be stipulated. Keywords ethnic minority population demographic census occupational structure in forestryanimal husbandry and fishery etc. a proportion which is higher than the overall population or the Han the proportion is lower References Wu Zhongguan. renkou kexue cidian Population than in either the overall population or the Han Science Dictionary K. Chengdu xinan population. 2 The gender differences and directional change of the occupational structure of the employed caijing daxue chubanshe997. The Census Office of the State CouncilPopulation and Social Technology Statistics Division of population indicates that the status of the National Statistic Bureau. zhongguo yijiu jiul- women was gradually promoted during the period ing nian renkou pucha ziliao China s Census 990 to 200. Data in 990 M. Beijing zhongguo tongji 3 Seen from the proportion of those engaged chubanshe992. in mental labor versus physical labor the proportion ethnic minorities engaged in mental labor is low. 4 The degree of diversity in the occupational structure of the ethnic minorities has made some The Census Office of the State CouncilPopulation and Social Technology Statistics Division of the National Statistic Bureau. zhongguo erling lingling nian renkou pucha ziliao China s Census improvement. Data in 2000 M. Beijing zhongguo tongji 5 The ethnic differences in occupational chubanshe2002. structure are obvious. 6 The urbanization level and the educational level of the population are the key factors which determine the occupational structure of the employed The Census Office of the State CouncilPopulation and Social Technology Statistics Division of the National Statistic Bureau. zhongguo erling yiling nian renkou pucha ziliao China s Census population. Data in 200 M. Beijing zhongguo tongji From this studywe feel that the degree of social chubanshe202. exclusion of the ethnic minorities has gone up Zheng Changde. zhongguo shaoshu minzu during the past ten years. This going up has chengzhenhua wenti yanjiu A Study on China s lead or is leading to social problems. Henceit is Ethnic Minorities Urbanization R. Working necessary to pay high attention to this issue. Re- Paper in 203. 5