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1998 1 2 3 1 2 20002002[1] out off from the closet closet 19951720 1969 1969 6 28 Stonewall Inn straights - 1 -

3 Seidman & Rieder Indiana University Alfred C. Kinsey1894-1956 Sexual Behavior in the Human Male Sexual Behavior in the Human Female heterosexual-homosexual rating scale exclusively heterosexual exclusively homosexual equally heterosexual and homosexual continuum Kinsey et al. 1948638-41650-51Kinsey et. al. 1953-2 -

b- Feminine Ecology Eco-feminism Francoise D Eaubonne Rosemary Radford RuetherDorothy DinnersteinCarolyn MerchantEvelyn Fox KellerJanis BirkelandLinda VanceMaria Mies deep ecology shallow ecology Naess1973 ultimate norms biocentric equality self-realization ego self Self ecological Self Naess19731988 Green Buddhism New Buddhism 1996 D.T. Suzuki1870-1966 Idealism - 3 -

4 Arne Naess1936-1970 Naess19731988 Arne Naess Arne Naess 5 biocentric 2001 others 4 5 B. Commoner 1 2 3 4 [Simonner 199215-16] Arne Naess - 4 -

2001 Carolyn Merchant Francis Bacon1560-1626 Merchant1980 1965 Seikatsu Club 1991 20 1988 20 Chipko Movement 2001 6 7 6 7 1997 5 Aldo Leopold 1887-1948 http://forum.yam.org.tw/women/backinfo/recreation/green/ecolg.htm - 5 -

piecemeal method massive method 8 Karl Popper 19884 19881-7409-498 8 Piecemeal method Karl Popper massive method - 6 -

2002[1][2] Idealism 9 10 9 Naess Arne Naess 10-7 -

2002[1] 11 / 12 2002[1] 11 Arne Naess others Naess altruism Naess1994 Joanna Macy Naess greening of the self new Buddhism Macy1990 2002[1] Van Plumwood Sponberg1997Plumwood: ntal 1944 Arne Naess Joanna Macy Naess Macy the expanded self others Naess Macy 12-8 -

13 14 Brahmanism Brahma pantheism [ ]1991 140 199541 [] atman Aham Brahman asmi Hume193483 Tat tvam asi Hume1934246 2002[1] 13 14 Arne Naess Joanna Macy self-realization Nancy Hartsock Dorothy Smith Feminist Materialism Clough1997121-131 Kaja SilvernanHill Collin the Black feminist intellectual tradition Clough1997161-203 - 9 -

women s spirituality 2001 de-essentiality 1974 4 9 1994 Radical Feminism Lesbian Feminism Kate Millett Andrienne Rich Monique Wittig Cheshire Calhoun gay movement 15 15 19 gay 1960 1960 gay movement 1970 gay lesbian 200236-37 1994016 lesbian - 10 -

[Lesbian] 16 17 1990-2002 Postmodernism Deconstructionism Michel Foucault1628-84 Jacques Derrida1930- [] 7 Sappho Lesbos 16 17 Andrienne Rich 1977 1995119-120 Cheshire Calhoun 1 sexual deviant 2 [ 2001312-313] 1998139-168 1999[2]271-276 2000245-268 1995-11 -

species 18 1870 19 discoverd constructed 200227 sodomy 1870 20 20 [Social]Constructionism 21 18 19 20 21 It is the name that can be given to a historical construct. Foucault1980107 The nineteenth-century homosexual became a personage a past, a case history, and a childhood, in addition to being a type of life, a life form, and a morphology, with an indiscreet anatomy and possibly a mysterious physiology. Homosexuality appeared as one of the forms of sexuality when it was transposed from the practice of sodomy into a kind of interior androgyny, a hermaphrodism of the soul. The sodomite had been a temporary aberration; the homosexual was now a species. Foucault1980[1]43 1870 pathologised inversion pederasty perversity 200227-31 gay identity 2001 Jeffrey Weeks Havelock Ellis Richard von Krafft-EbingMagnus Hirschfeld 19 Jeffrey Weeks 2000-12 -

1870 Judith Butler Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity Judith Butler1990 1995157 200236 22 22 Foucault1980[2]142-13 -

23 24 23 24 Where there is power, there is resistence Foucault1980[1]95 reverse discourse 20 19 inversion pederasty psychic hermaphrodism naturality Foucault1980101 gay movement 1970 1994 200227 2000 2000 1999[2]095-100 - 14 -

25 26 25 26 6 3 2 1 23 23 9 7 1 6-15 -

27 28 29 27 28 29 Dorje Dorj Dorje Dorje 23 1 12 1 6 2000 Dorje - 16 -

19 20 pratitya-samutpada pratitya cunya asvabhava nihsvabhava svabhava 30 31 22 31 8378a karma - 17 -

logocentrism 32 1995164-165 Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences Of Grammatology Dissemination Plato s Pharmacy Position Friedrich Nietzsche1844-1900 Martin Heidegger Platonism metaphyics onto-theology' the metaphysics of presence phallocentrism René Descartes1596-1660 Jean Jacques Rousseau1712-1778 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel1770-1831 being being/nonbeing essence/appearance thing/word reality/imagetruth/liegood/evil positive/negativeidentity/differencemale/fe male speech/writing pressence Phonocentriesm - 18 -

logos 1 2 Derrida1981 Rorty1995-19 -

- 20-2003.1.5 1. 1999[1] 1999[2] 1994 6. 1997 7. 1995 8. 1995 9. 10. [ ]

1971 11. 1998 12. 2002 15. Tamsin Spargo 2002 16.Butler, Judith 1990 Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, London: Routledge. 17.Derrida, Jacquestr. by Alan Bass Chicago: 1983 Dissemination, Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. 18.Foucault, Micheltr. by Robert Hurley 1980[1] The History of Sexuality: Volume : An Introduction. New York: 19.Hume, R.E. Vintage Books. 1934 The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, Oxford Univ. Press. 20.Kinsey, C. Alfred Gebhard, P.H. 1953 Sexual Behavior in the Human Female, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. 21.Kinsey, C. Alfred, Wardell B. Pomeroy Clyde E. Martin 1948 Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. 22.Merchant, Carolyn 1980 The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution. New York: Harper and Row. 23.Clough, Partricia Ticineto 1997 Feminist Thought: Desire, Power and Academic Discourse 23.Simonner, D. - 21 -

1992 L ecologie 1. 2002[1] 2. 1995 Seidman, S. & Rieder, R. 1994 A Review of Sexual Behavior in the United States, in American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, pp.330-341. 1. 2001 2. Kristin G. Esterberg 2000 3. Joshua Gamson 2000 4. - 22 -

6. 2000 8. 1996 9. 2001 10. ) 11.Foucault, Michel 1980[2] Power and Strategies, in Colin Gordon(ed. and tr.): 12.Macy, Joanna Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, pp.134-145. 1990 The Greening of the self, in Allen Hunt Badiner (ed.): Dharma Gaia: A - 23 -

Harvest of Essays in Buddhism and Ecology, Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1990, pp.53-63. Naess, Arne 1973 "The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movements: A Summary", in Inquiry 16 (Oslo, 1973), pp. 95-100. 1994 The Deep Ecological Movement, in George Sessions(ed.): Deep Ecology for the Twenty-First Century, Shambhala Pub., Inc., 1994, pp.64-68. 1988 "Self Realization: An Ecological Approach to Being in the World," in John Seed, Joanna Macy, Pat Fleming, Arne Naess: Thinking Like a Mountain: Toward a Council of All Beings, Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers, 1988. 14.Plumwood, Van 1944 Nature, Self and Gender: Feminism, Environmental Philosopy and the Critique of Rationalism, in Donald Van Deveer Christine Pierce (ed. ): Environmental Ethics and Policy Book, Belmont, California, 1944, pp.251-266. 15.Rorty, R. 1995 Deconstructionist Theory, In The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism -- vol.8 From Formalism to Poststructuralism, Cambridge University Press, 1995. 16.Seidman, S. 1993. Identity and politics in a postmodern gay culture: Some historical and conceptual notes, in M. Warner (ed.): Fear of a queer planet: Queer politics and social theory, Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, pp.105-142. 17.Sponberg, Alan 1997 Green Buddhism and the Hierarchy of Compassion, in Mary Evelyn Tucker and Duncan Ryuken Williams(ed.): Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press for the Harvard Univ. Center for the Study of World Religions, 1997, pp.351-376. 1. 20011 26 Dorje Dorje 2. - 24 -

2002[4] - 25 -