IOSH92-T-49
IOSH92-T-49
MSDs BRIEF Chaffin 99 2D 2D MSDs BRIEF i
... i...ii...iii...iii...... 2 MSDs... 3 BRIEF... 4... 5 NMQ... 6... 8 Chaffin 2D... 8 2D...... 2... 4 MSDs... 5 BRIEF... 22 NMQ... 26... 38... 55 ii
CHAFFIN 2D... 9... 2 MSDS BRIEF... 4 3... 4... 3 iii
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, IOSH, 995, [7], 998, [23],, [3] 38 995 5.6 998 63.3 [34][35] Workrelated Musculoskeletal Disorders, WMSDs OSHA MSDs Humantech Inc. BRIEF 2D Chaffin 99 [2] 2D 88 89
MSDs [5][2][26][3] BRIEF [6][3] OWAS Ovako Working Posture Analysis System, OWAS, 977 [7][8][27] Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, RULA, 993 [] Rapid Entire Body Assessment, REBA, [5][6] NMQ [9][9][29][3] repeatity, accuracy, precision,. reliability [32] 2. validity [32] 3. sensitivity [33] 4. specificity [33] 2
MSDs Occupational Safety & Health Administration, OSHA musculoskeletal disorders, MSDs [5] [26] MSDs 5 [26] 997 [2] MSDs BRIEF 2 MSDs 53.7 65.4 MSDs BRIEF MSDs [26] 3
MSDs BRIEF MSDs BRIEF 2 MSDs BRIEF BRIEF Baseline Risk Identification of Ergonomic Factors, BRIEF Humantech Inc., Ann Arbor, MI GM Applied Ergonomics Training Manual [6] Ergonomic Risk Factors, ERFs [3] Cumulative Trauma Disorder, CTD BRIEF 6 ERFs ERFs 2 ERFs ERFs 4
ERFs ERFs 996 [8] BRIEF NMQ BRIEF 997 [2] MSDs BRIEF BRIEF MSDs BRIEF 995 [6] MSDs BRIEF OWAS Ovako Working Posture Analysis System, OWAS, 977 Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, RULA, 993 998 Rapid Entire Body Assessment, REBA, OWAS Ovako Working Posture Analysis System, OWAS, 977 [7][8][27] Ovako Oy OWAS 85 [7][] 998 [27] 53 Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, RULA, 993 [] McAtmmey Corlett A B 5
A B RULA 998 [24] 2D NIOSH 98 L5/S 3 N 6 Rapid Entire Body Assessment, REBA, [5][6] Hignett McAtamney A B RULA NMQ Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, NMQ, 987 [9][9][29][3] Nordic Council of Ministries NMQ NMQ 77 8 [3][9] [29] 8 [3] NMQ MSDs BRIEF 2 6
Kurorinka 987 [9] 7
MSDs BRIEF OWAS Ovako Working Posture Analysis System, OWAS, 977 [7][8][27] Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, RULA, 993 [] Rapid Entire Body Assessment, REBA, [5][6] National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, 99 [3] Chaffin 99 [2] 2D Chaffin 2D Chaffin 2D 2D 3D Chaffin 99 [2] 2D Chaffin L5/S [24] Chaffin 99 [2] 2D L5/S Morris 96 [2] ΣΜ L 5 / S = mb g b + ml g h FA D FM E = Σ x F = F F m g cos α m g cosα + F = 2 Σ y C M b F = FS mbg sin α ml g sinα = 3 m b g L5/S m l g FM erector spinal muscle l A 8
FC L5/S FS L5/S FA abdominal pressure h L5/S b L5/S L5/S D E FA F M α F S 2 465cm F ( 43. )( m g b + m g ). 8 = 6.98 4 36θ h 4 A H b l mmhg F A 929. 8N 5 A B Chaffin 2D 9
F S α o α = + β 6 6 2 2 β = 7.5.2T +.23K +.2TK +.5T.75K 7 [] T torso angle AB K 7 3 3 FM F C F S F C F S Chaffin 2D 995 [8],996 [], 997 [22],998 [25] 995 [36] Freivalds 984 [4][28] 2D 998 [24] Chaffin 2D 2D [28] NMQ
L5/S AL MPL L5/S National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, 99 [3] L5/S L5/S L5/S L5/S L5/S HDL5S NIOSH 994 [4] 25~63 cm HD=25 363 cm 4~5 3 3 =8 o = o =8 o =5 o =9 o =55 o =65 o =9 o =8 o =5 o =9 o =7 o = o =6 o =8 o =5 o =9 o =7 o =5 o =35 o =8 o = o =9 o =7 o =75 o =8 o =9 o
().2 / (2) sagittal plane () (2) L5/S (3) 3 (4) (5) 2 L5/S (6) 3 NIOSH 99 [3] 3 N 6 3 N 3 N 6 N 6 N 4 2
4 L5/S 3 N 3 N 6 N 6 N 3
MSDs BRIEF OWAS RULA REBA 4
MSDs 5
MSDs C D 8 D.5 E F C D E 5 6
MSDs / A B C D E F 2~4 4~8 >8. 3 2. 3 3., 75%. 4.5 4.5 2. 3 2 3. 5 2 7
MSDs A B C D E F 2~4 4~8 >8 2. 2 3 3. 2 4. 3 2 3 5.. 2 2. 2 3. 2 2. 2. 2. 6 5 6. 2 8
MSDs / A B C D E F 2~4 4~8 >8. 45 2 2. 45 2 3 3. 2 4. 2 3 5. 2 6. 7. 2 3 8. 2 9
MSDs A B C D E F 2~4 4~8 >8. 2 2. 2 3. 2. 2 2. 2 3. 2 9 9 23
MSDs * * 23 6 5 6 * 8 23 6 6 * 3 3 8 * 4.5 5 3 6 3.5 3 3 4.5 * 2 2 * 5 5 2 3 * 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2
BRIEF 22
BRIEF BRIEF 6 2 2 23
45 45 45 45 45 45.9Kg 4.5Kg 4.5Kg 4.5Kg 4.5Kg 4.5Kg 4.5Kg + 9Kg 4.5Kg 3% 3 / 2 / 2 / 3 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / V M L 24 NIOSH BRIEF
45 45 45.9Kg 2 lb 4.5Kg 4.5Kg 9Kg 4.5Kg lb 3 9Kg 3% 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2 / BRIEF 25
NMQ 26
. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9... 27
28. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
. 2. 3 6 3 3 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 29
.. 2. 2. 3 6 3 6 3 3 3 3 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 3
. 2. 3 6 3 3 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 3
. 2. 3 6 3 3 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 32
.. 2. 2. 3 6 3 6 3 3 3 3 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 33
.. 2. 2. 3 6 3 6 3 3 3 3 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 34
.. 2. 2. 3 6 3 6 3 3 3 3 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 35
.. 2. 2. 3 6 3 6 3 3 3 3 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 36
.. 2. 2. 3 6 3 6 3 3 3 3 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 37
38
cm 3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm 3 6 cm3 6 cm 3 6 63 cm 3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 39
cm 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm 3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3
cm 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 4
cm 6 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm 3 6 63 cm 3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 42
6cm 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm 3 43
6cm 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm 3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm 3 6 63 cm 3 44
6cm 6 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm 3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm 3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm 3 45
6cm 7 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm 3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm 3 46
7cm 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm 3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 47
7cm 6 6 25 cm 3 6 3 cm 3 6 cm 3 6 cm 3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm 3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 48
7cm 7 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm 3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 49
7cm 8 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm 3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3
8cm 6 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm 3 6 cm 3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 5
8cm 7 6 25 cm 3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm 3 6 63 cm 3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 52
8cm 8 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm 3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 53
8cm 9 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm3 6 63 cm3 6 25 cm3 6 3 cm3 6 cm3 6 cm 3 6 63 cm3 54
[] Anderson, C.K., Chaffin, D.B., and Herrin, G.D., 986; A study of lumbosacral orientation under varied static loads, Spine,, 456-462. [2] Chaffin, D.B., and Anderson, G.B.J., 99; Occupational Biomechanics, 2 nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 25-239. [3] Deakin, J.M., Stevenson, J.M., Vail, G.R., and Nelson, J.M., 994; The use of the Nordic Questionnaire in an industrial setting: a case study, Applied Ergonomics, 25 3 : 82-85. [4] Freivalds, A., Chaffin, D.B., Grag, A., and Lee, K.S., 984; A dynamic biomechanical evaluation of lifting maximum acceptable loads, Journal of Biomechanics, 7: 25-262. [5] Hignett, S., and McAtamney, L., ; Rapid entire body assessment REBA ; Applied Ergonomics. 3: -5. [6] http://hsc.usf.edu/~tbernard/hollowhills/reba_m.pdf. [7] Karhu, O., Harkonan, R., Sorvali, P., and Vepsalaineu, P., 98; Observing working postures in industry: examples of OWAS application, Applied ERGONOMICS, 2 : 3-7. [8] Karhu, O., Kauai, P., and Kurorinka, I., 977; Correcting working postures in industry: a practical method for analysis, Applied Ergonomics, 8 4 : 99-. [9] Kurorinka, I., Johnson, B., Killbom, A., Vinterberg, H., Biering-Sorenson, F., Anderson, J., and Jorgenson, K., 987; Standardized Nordic Questionnaire for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms, Applied Ergonomics, 8 3, 233-237. [] Mattila, M., Karwowsk, W., and Vilkki, M., 993; Analysis of working postures n hamming tasks on building construction sites the computerized OWAS Method, Applied Ergonomics, 24 6 : 5-42. [] McAtamney, L., and Corlett, E.N., 993; RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders, Applied Ergonomics, 24 2, 9-99. [2] Morris, J.M., Lucas, D.B., and Bressler, B., 96; Role of the trunk in stability of the spine, J. Bone Jt. Surg., 43A: 327-35. 55
[3] National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 99; A work practices guide for manual lifting, Tech. Report No. 8-22, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH. [4] National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 994; Applications manual for the revised NIOSH lifting equation, DHHS NIOSH Publication No. 94-. [5] Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 995; Draft: Instructions for Completing the Risk Factor Checklist, 24-32. [6] 995 IOSH84-T-2 Applied Ergonomics training manual, Humantech Inc.: Ann Arbor, MI, web site: http://www.htec.com/. [7] 995 -- IOSH84-H32 [8] 995 IOSH84-H2 [9] 996 IOSH85- H326 [] 996 IOSH85-H2 [2] 997 IOSH86-H329 [22] 997 IOSH86-H22 [23] 998 IOSH88- H39 [24] 998 IOSH87- H334 56
[25] 998 IOSH87-H23 [26] 998 [27] 998 IOSH87- H325 [28] 998 http://www.iosh.gov.tw/frame.htm 89/ [29] IOSH89-H33 [3] IOSH9-H34 [3] IOSH9-T42 [32] 993 39-45 [33] 999 [34] 999 [35] [36] 995 57
/ --. -- 92. -- IOSH92-T-49 ISBN 957--3589-. 42.53 9227 22 7 99 2-26676 http://www.iosh.gov.tw/ http://www.sanmin.com.tw/ 2 B 6 4-222633 2-23675 386 77 2-66 4-7252792 http://www.govbooks.com.tw/ 4 3 B 7-33249 2-257855#643 http://www.iosh.gov.tw/ GPN: 9447 ISBN: 957--3589-