01 2003 5519 CIP / C.. 2005.4 ISBN 7-301-08150-2 Ⅰ. Ⅱ.1 2 Ⅲ. Ⅳ. C912.4 CIP 2004 112551 Translation Copyright 2005 by Peking University Press Copyright

C.

01 2003 5519 CIP / C.. 2005.4 ISBN 7-301-08150-2 Ⅰ. Ⅱ.1 2 Ⅲ. Ⅳ. C912.4 CIP 2004 112551 Translation Copyright 2005 by Peking University Press Copyright Robert C. Ulin 1984 2001 C. ISBN 7-301-08150-2 /G 1316 100871 http / /cbs. pku. edu. cn zpup@pup. pku. edu. cn 62752015 62750672 62752032 890mm 1240mm A5 11 310 2005 4 1 2005 4 1 18.00

UNDERSTANDING CULTURES Perspectives in Anthropology and Social Theory English Translation by Guoqiang He Second Edition Published 2001 Blackwell Publishers Inc 2001

1 1 1 1-34 57 109 168 I. C. 78-131 218 247 290 312

20 -

2-1 1 Zande Azande 350 17 19 1894 1899 1956 1960 18 19 72 73 Zande Azande Zande Azande Azande Zande

3

4 2001 2002

5

20 Robert Charles Ulin 1951 20 18 Whittier College 4 20 60

2 Quaker New School for Social Research 7 1976 Bob Scholte Stantley Diamond 1976 1980 Middlesex Community College Ramapo College 1979 1984 1985 Allegheny College 1997 13 8 5 1983 1984 1989 1990

3 Centre D Etudes et de Recherches D Histoire Institutionelle et Regionale 1998 5 2001 1500 67 8 20 7 4 1. 1984 2001 1996 2.

4 2004 2002 8 4 691 712 2002 1999 1996 97 3 1994 1993 19 2 3 1992 17 3 20 1991 11 1 1990 7 6 1988 13 3 1987 60 2 1986 59 1 1986 16 1 3. F. 2004 45 4

5 2004 4 J. 2001 19 2 1994 27 2 1991 55 3 1984 69 1983 24 4 1976 1 3 4. 32 1970 1990 1984

6 Siglo Veintiuno Editores 2001 John Conaroff C. John Gledhill F. Allan F. Hanson

7 20 60 30 20 80 90 - - E. Husserl L. Wittgenstein P. Winch -

8 I. C. Jarvie R. Horton 1 2 3 / S. Lukes A. Macityre H. G. Gadamer P. Recoeur W. Dilthey

9 / / 20 80-17 G. Lukács A. Gramsci L. Althusser W. Raymond E. P. Thompson B. Hindess P. Hirst M. Goldelier C. Meillassoux

10 other J. Habermas J. F. Lyotard G. E. Marcus M. M. J. Fischer 1986 30

11 / - 20 60 60 70 80 90 19 20 S. Freud - Lévi-Strauss C. Geertz V. Turner M. Weber E. Durkheimian Louis Althusser Balibar

12 - F. de Saussure P. Bourdieu 20 80 I. Wallerstein 20 60

13 20 60 19 20 M. Scheler E. Cassirer

14 1. M. Heidegger 2. A. Korzybsky 1 2 3 3. - -

15 / 4. dialogical understanding

16 / 1. 1960 1 F. Schleiermacher 2 3 1 2 3 2. 1 1981

17 2 / 3

18 70

19

Bob Scholte Stantley Diamond William Roseberry Shirley Lindenbaum Rayna Rapp Jermey Nowak Helen Berger

2 David Miller John Jean Comaroff Michael Herzfeld 15 Andy Lass Allan Hanson Sage 1991 20 1991

3 C. 2001 4 Kalamazoo

1 20 80 90 21 1984 20 1970 1990 1 1-20 60 20 70 20 80

2 2

3 3 4 5 Edmund Husserl 1 1970 20 David Hume 20 1

6 4 Hannah Arendt 1958 1 JÜrgen Habermas 1984 1

5 Evans-Pritchard 19 20 - Wilhelm Dilthey Bronislaw Malinowski - Radcliffe-Brown - - Lucien Lévy-Bruhl - 1910-19 - -

6 - - - Franz Boas - - - 7 - Peter Winch Ludwig Wittgenstein

7 - Lévi-Strauss 1974-1958 - 1953 1965

8 1 8 20 50 - - 1 social world

9 Pierre Bourdieu Michel Foucault Jean Baudrillard de Certeau

10 1 - I. C. Jarvie Karl Popper 1 1984

11 - Emile Durkheimian 9 Robin Horton - 100

12 Steven Lukes - 20 70 Carlos Castenada Yaqui Don Juan Sapir Benjamin Lee Wholf Alasdair Macityre

10 13 瑏 瑡 Paul Rabinow 1973 Renato Rosaldo 1989 1996 - Hans-Georg Gadamer Paul Ricoer

瑏 瑢 14 grand theory 1 2 1 metatheory 2

瑏 瑣 15 symbolic density 1971 1 1

16 1973

17 20 80 瑏 瑤

18 Eric Wolf 瑏 瑥 1999 Kwakiutl Aztec Louis Althusser 20 70 80

19 Barry Hindess Paul Hirst Maurice Goldelier Terray Claude Meillassoux 1976 Marshall Sahlins 1972 E. P. Thompson Williams Raymond

20 Intersubjectivity 瑏 瑦 1 Sidney Mintz 1996 1 Sidney Mintz

21 Lawrence Kohlbery 瑏 瑧 1983 Johannes Fabian

22 disciplinary gaze 1970 1976 瑏 瑨 1962 C. B. MacPherson Thomas Hobbes 1981 Agnes Heller

23 Nietzsche 1958 1977 1984

24 Habitus 1984 1996

25 20 80 90 1984 Edward Said 1979 Jean Fran ois Lyotard 1984 1981 1984

26 1983 瑏 瑩 Clifford James E. George E. Marcus 1986 Hayden White 1978

27 瑐 瑠 瑐 瑡

瑐 瑢 28

29 1998 20 80 1981 1972 瑐 瑣 瑐 瑤

30 1996 瑐 瑥 1 2

31 3 4 5 6 20 60 70 Alfred Schutz Maurice Natanson 7-1962 Bernie Cohen 1987 8 Marilyn Strathern 1988 Donna Haraway 9 10 瑏 瑡 Mikhail Bakhtin 瑏 瑢 1970 Freud 20 瑏 瑣

32 瑏 瑤 瑏 瑥 瑏 瑦 George Lukács Antonio Gramsci 瑏 瑧 瑏 瑨 瑏 瑩 瑐 瑠 瑐 瑡 瑐 瑢 Immanuel Wallerstein 瑐 瑣

33 1998 瑐 瑤 瑐 瑥

- - Lewis Henry Morgan 19 Baffin Land

- 35 George Stocking 1968 199 19 19 19 Wilhelm Schmidt

36 19 19 19 20 19 19 1 1

- 37 1968 136 1889 47-53 1968

38 159 1968 144 Immanuel kant / / Adolf Bastian 19 1

- 39 / Hegel / 1970b

40 1968 289

- 41 1940 563 / 1968 63 1968 60

42 1968 68 19

- 43-2 / /

44 / 1971 Tro- 1 briand 1961 24-25 1 Argonauts of the Western Pacific. Argonaut

- 45 1962 11

46 1961 3 1. 2. 3. 1961 6 3

- 47 4 - - - - - - - 1962 79

48 1962 80 - - Paul Ricoeur - - 1962 79-80 - - 1962 64-86 1. - 2. - 3. 4. 1962 80

- 49 - - - - - 1962 79-5 - - - -

50 19 20 1 - - 6-1962 87 1 Geisteswissenschaften human sciences

7-51 - 1962 84 - - - Talal Asad 1973

52 - - C. K. Meek S. F. Nadel -

- 53

54-1 1

- 55 Igbo Afigbo 1972

56 1 C. B. 1962 2 - - 1963-1962 18 19 44 45 3 1965 4 guiding interests 5 6 E. Richard E. Palmer 1969 7 R. C. Collingwood

- 1964 - - - - 1937 - -

58 - - - - - - - - - -

59-1972 24 - - 1972 24 -

60 1972 26-1953 1965 1 - Karl-Otto Apel 2 1967 5

61 chair 5 1967 4-1967 5 1967 6

62 chair 1972 45 chair 1972 45

3 63 -

64 1958 23-4 - - - - - -

65 1958 23 18

4 66 5

67-1972 132 - - -

68 1956 - Kwoth - - - - 6 - - -

69 1958 11-13 - - - 1958 27 1889

70 7 1972 33 8

71 1 1967 56 1 2003 10 6

9 72 - - - 180 - Mbomu Valley 18 19 18 Casati Schweinfuith

73 Avongara 10 - - 瑏 瑡 瑏 瑢 - 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤

瑏 瑥 74 - Benge 瑏 瑦 - -

75 瑏 瑧

76 1 1921 2 3 4 1970 1971 5 1961 6 Stanley Diamond 1974 7 8 9 10 1962 - -

77 瑏 瑡 1971 瑏 瑢 1971 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 Barbara Ehrenreich Deirdre 1973 瑏 瑥 1971 瑏 瑦 benge 瑏 瑧 William Leisse 1974

I. C. I. C. 1964 1 2

I. C. 79 1972

80 1994 1972 4 3

I. C. 81

82 -

I. C. 83

84 - - 1937 1972 11-1964 14

I. C. 85 4

86 1964 138 Hebert Marcuse 1964 5 William Leiss 1974 6

I. C. 87 1972 53-54 - I. C. 1971-1973a

88 20 - - - 1973a 262

I. C. 89 1971 170 Jean Piaget

90 given 100 200 1 1

I. C. 91 1 1

92 1971 132 7 1971 133-4 8

I. C. 93 9 1971 135 1971 140

94 1971 153

I. C. 95 1966

96 1971 153-10

I. C. 97 Thomas Sammal Kuhn 1970 瑏 瑡 1 1

98

I. C. 99 1974 150

100 瑏 瑢 / 瑏 瑣 1971 171

I. C. 101 1 20 60 W. Theodor W. Adorno 1976b 1976 Auguste Comte 1 1922 Moritz Schlick 20 30

102 von Wright 1971 4 1 2 3 4 5

I. C. 103

104 1971 67 metareflection self-reflecting ego

I. C. 105 1974 438

106 individual moments 1976b 107

I. C. 107 1 1964 2-3 1970a 92 4 1974 3 5 6 1974 7 8 1971 9

108 10 1972 瑏 瑡 Imre Lakatos Alan Musgrave 瑏 瑢 1971 1922 瑏 瑣

1 Edmund Leech J. H. M. Beattie 2 1970

1 110 19 17 18 19 1958 153-4 3 1

111 1970 77 4

112 1973 1971 208

113 1971 203-1956 - 1971 209 1 2 -

114 1958 100

115 5 George Lukács Feuerbachian

116 1964 1971 1 G 2 G 1973 238 1 1964 1844 1971 1844 3 4 1923 4 1918 1922 8 2 2004 4 G

117 1956 6 E. P.

118 -

119 1971a 68

120

121 1958 1958 89-90 1971 7

122 1971b 121-22

123 1971 1971b 117 Erving Goffman

124 1961 8

125

126 Goldschmidt 9

10 127 瑏 瑡

128

129 1 1979 Stanley Diamond 2-1973a 3 1971 J. H. M. Beattie 3 4 5 6 7 8

130 9 10 1949 1975 瑏 瑡

- 19 20 1 1 1

132 -

- 133 19 L. Alfred L. Kroeber Rousseau 2

134 3 1975 245 1975 19-1965

- 135 20 20 4 1975 248

136 1975 239-240 5

- 137

138 1975 324 1975 horizon

1-139 1975 305 1975 fusion of horizon 6 1 trace difference dissemination differ defer

140 John Hogan G. 1976 9 R.

- 141 1975 422 1975 402

142 1961 57 1975 450 1975 405

- 143 Hymes1974 1 1975 421 Herder - 1

144 -

- 145 1971 1975

146 1970 7 1973

- 147 - Fortes - - to be

148 1 1976 50 1

- 149 1976 52 1976 1969 1976 59

150 Mary Douglas 1973 Basil Bernstein 8 1976 57 1970 libido

- 151 1976 61 9 1976 55

152 Uchendu 1965 Carl Lowith 1949 1974 homo faber 10 1971 Ferdinand de Saussure 1966

- 153

154 1971 536 538 1971

- 155 1 1971 548 1

156 1971 549

- 157 瑏 瑡 1 1971 554 - - 1971 555 - - 瑏 瑢 - 1

158 - - - - - - 1974 95 - - - 1971 557

- 159 Roland Barthes Jacques Derrida Hjelmslev -

160 1967 瑏 瑣 1 1

- 161

162 瑏 瑤

- 163 John Searle 1967 瑏 瑥 1 瑏 瑦 1

164 1974 Les Eyzies

- 165 瑏 瑧 / /

166 1 E 1966 2 3 1973a 4 1965 5 6 7

- 167 8 9 10 瑏 瑡 Noema 1973 瑏 瑢 - - 瑏 瑣 Michel Foucault 1970 1973 瑏 瑤 瑏 瑥 1953 瑏 瑦 - 瑏 瑧 1958

-

169 Antonio Gramsci P.

170 1971 1 Balibar 1970 Darstellung 20 1 27 28

171 - - 1965-1963 - 1 I G I II G II G III G III 1

172 1 1 1 G I G II G I G III G III

173 Barry Hindess Paul Hirst 1975 1977 Pierre-Philippe Rey Dupré Georges 2 3 4

5 174 Spinoza 1977 19

6 175 1975 312

176 1972 1975 9-10 Guoro 1964

177

7 178 1977 7

8 179 Rod Aya 1977 55

180 Talal Asad & Harold Wolpe 1976 1967a 177 1976 479-480

181 Emmanuel Terray 1972-9 10

182 I. C.

183 1972 158 - 瑏 瑡 瑏 瑢

184 1977 2

185 1977 1 2 1977 63 1977 24

186 1977 179 1977 29

187 1999 1967a 178 1961 Kula

188 / Jean Baudrillard 1975 1976 瑏 瑣 1971

189 1975 72 1975 73

190 1972 1976 6 1976 1971 /

191 1958 / 1973 1976 134-135

192 1978 / 瑏 瑤 1975 1978 98

193 瑏 瑥 Vico 1 Collingwood 1956 1 1 603

194 1967 瑏 瑦

195 1966 1966 瑏 瑧 瑏 瑨

196 瑏 瑩 瑐 瑠

197 Michael Jackson - 1998 1978

198 1971

199 Weber 1978 29 1978 39

200 瑐 瑡 瑐 瑢 1977

201 瑐 瑣 1978 68

瑐 瑤 202 瑐 瑥 瑐 瑦

203 1977 18 18

204 19 Herder 瑐 瑧 20 E. P.

205 1977 24

206 E. P. 1977 38 1 E. P. 1

207 E. P. 瑐 瑨

208 瑐 瑩 1977 110

209

210

211 1980 15 1970a

212 20 70 E. P.

213

214

215 1 1970 206-8 2 3 4 5 6 7 1976 Harold Wolpe 1976 Maurice Dobb 1976 8 9-1963 10 1973 瑏 瑡 Melville Herskovits Robbins

216 Samuelson Karl Polanyi 瑏 瑢 Leopold Pospisil capital cattle 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 Perry Anderson 1980 瑏 瑥 瑏 瑦 1966 9 瑏 瑧 瑏 瑨 1966 9 瑏 瑩 C. B. MacPherson 1962 1958 1973

217 瑐 瑠 瑐 瑡 瑐 瑢 瑐 瑣 瑐 瑤 Max Horkheimer W Heodor W. Adorno 1972 1975 Max Weber 1964 N Robert N. Bellah 1975 瑐 瑥 瑐 瑦 瑐 瑧 瑐 瑨 瑐 瑩 1957

Dell Hymes 1969 1 2 1 3 dialogical 1 metanarrative small narrative

219 Michael Fischer M. J. 1986 20 80 90 1962 1984 4

220 1984 37-8 1984 41 1981 1984 Andrean Huyssen 1981 1984 5 1981 13 6 1983 185-6

221 7 8 9

222 10 1986 1986 161-2

1 223 engaged relativism 瑏 瑡 18 1964 20 1950 textual turn 1

224 瑏 瑢 1979 otherness

225 1987 瑏 瑣 1978 瑏 瑤 20 60 70 1986

226 1 Gananath Obeyeseker 1981 瑏 瑥 Marjorie Shostak 1981 Marcel Griaule distance near 2 1 Medusa 2 15 50

227 Michael Taussig 1980 Tio 1 1 Pachamama Tio

228 Eric Hobsbawn Terence Ranger 1983 - Trevor-Roper 1983 Linnekin Jocelyn 1992 Allan Hanson 1989 1983 1991 1988 1992 257

229 1989 1 Io Percy Smith 1989 898 1977 1 Io Hera

230 1982 3 瑏 瑦 瑏 瑧 1 1982 1985 13 1400 1

231 17 1985 180

232 1982 388 瑏 瑨

233 1967a 177 瑏 瑩

234 瑐 瑠 瑐 瑡 瑐 瑢

235 瑐 瑣 瑐 瑤 1 1987 1 Food and Foodways 1987 2 History as Commodity in Some Recent American Anthropological Literature

瑐 瑥 236 瑐 瑦 瑐 瑧 1971

237 瑐 瑨 1 1976 192 1

瑐 瑩 238 1967a 178

239 1975 1978 1977 1975

瑑 瑠 240 瑑 瑡

241

242 Huyssen 1986 1 Bob Scholtr 2

243 3 4 foundationism 5 1981 1984 6 7 8 B. John B. Thompson David Held 1982 9 10 瑏 瑡 P. P. Sangren Steven 1988 29 /3 1989 18 /2 瑏 瑢 Richard Mckay Rorty 1979

244 瑏 瑣 1987 1996 瑏 瑤 1987 1996 瑏 瑥 瑏 瑦 1988 17 瑏 瑧 20 80 瑏 瑨 瑏 瑩

245 瑐 瑠 1986 Arjun Appadurai Tatlin 瑐 瑡 power over power to 瑐 瑢 瑐 瑣 瑐 瑤 瑐 瑥 瑐 瑦

246 瑐 瑧 瑐 瑨 瑐 瑩 B. 1982 瑑 瑠 瑑 瑡 1975 1977

Stanley Tambiah 1990

248 1973 / Agnes Heller 17 1981 1972 17 1962 1 1

249 Arjun Appadurai ethnoscape 1 / 1983 bounded culture bounded self

250 1989 20 80 Dordogne Bordeaux Médoc EU 1992 1966 permeable boundary 2 3

251 Jean Marie Le Pen 4 Mary Pierce 5 1989

252 6 1976 Benedict Anderson 1983

253 Roger Kessing 1922 20 James Frazer 1999 284 1973 Gupta & Ferguson 1997 7

8 254 9 1991 / 1969 1973

255 1985 10 S. F. Nadel Nupe 20 20 60 - 瑏 瑡

256 1 John Cole 1977 1983 254 synchronic 1 1977 6 Anthropology Comes Part-Way Home Community Studies in Europe

257 diachronic 瑏 瑢 Lewis Banfield

258 - - 19 - - -

259 1978 1983

260 瑏 瑣 20 60 1895 1 1

261 Arturo Escobar 1995 20 Morton Fried 1975

262 Heller MacPherson 1973 / 1 1 / /

263 1991 20 Jameson & Miyoshi 1998

264 1974 René Pijassou 1980 Roger Dion 1970 1985 1999 1996 46 Perigord Toulouse A- gen Quercy 12 15 La Rochelle 1224

265 tonneaux 1 tonneau 900 Gironde River 12 13 11 11 1996 12

266 瑏 瑤 1983 1977 terrain 1985 1987 1974 1985 1982 Louis Althusser 1970

267 1980

268-1985 Lono 1 2 1989 1 Historical Metaphor and Mythical Realities 371 373 2

269 1987 1983 Andre Gunder Frank 1996

270 19 1855 15 瑏 瑥 - Lila Abu-Lughod 1991

271 1998 瑏 瑦

272 Susan Carol Rogers 1991 boundedness 瑏 瑧 20 80

273 1998 3-4 1973 Griaule 1965 Andrew Strathern 1979 Kevin Dwyer 1982

274 1998 44-5 1998 53 Bergerac

275 1987 600 20 80

276 Gudeman and Rivera 1990

277 / 瑏 瑨 瑏 瑩

278 20 60 70 1989 瑐 瑠

279 1980 1984 瑐 瑡 1984 1983

280

281 1975 421 20 80

282 Joan Vincent

283 1999 1999 5 determining moments - 1991

284 / 1983

285 1 / Scott Lash and John Urry 1987 / 1

286 瑐 瑢 - - - 1983

287 1989 1973 1 2 3 4

288 5 2000 Roland Gartos 1970 6 1978 Serb Sarajevo 7 John Comaroff & Jean Comaroff 8 9 10 1985 瑏 瑡 -

289 瑏 瑢 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 Dordogne 瑏 瑥 瑏 瑦 瑏 瑧 1998 98 瑏 瑨 瑏 瑩 瑐 瑠 1973 瑐 瑡 1973 contested meanings 瑐 瑢

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