5 20 7080 NGO 20 90 6 1 1 NGO 5 1998 3233 6 NGO Salamon1999 20 NGO 2

NGO NGO 1 NGO NGO 20 1949 2 Totalism 1978 Civil Society 3 NGO 4 1 1992 314 2 Total Society Tsou1967 1994 3 Civil Society 4 Non-Governmental Organization Non-Profit Organization NPO Civil Society Organization CSO Third Sector NGO 1

5 20 7080 NGO 20 90 6 1 1 NGO 5 1998 3233 6 NGO Salamon1999 20 NGO 2

NGO 1945 7 NGO 8 NGO 1995 NGO NGO NGO - Lester Salamon 5 NGO 9 5 NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 10 1998 11 1988 12 7 1945 6 71 8 1942 OXFAM NGO 2001 33-34 9 Salamon1999 2 10 1998 NGO 11 12 3

1998 13 14 NGO NGO NGO 15 NGO NGO 16 NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 17 18 NGO NGO NGO 13 14 15 / / / 16 NGO 17 8 18 4

NGO 19 NGO NGO 2 NGO NGO 2 NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 2 NGO NGO NGO 19 NGO 5 NGO 5

NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 1995 20 21 22 20 2030 1932 10 23 1950 1951 20 1994 12 21 22 1996 382 23 6

24 1978 NGO 78 NGO 19781989 80 1950 44 1965 100 6000 1966 1978 1989 1600 1978 16 20 1978 33 20 80 1989 1998 1989 10 90 1998 1998 10 1 1998 70 25 2001 8.2 NGO NGO 24 1950 4 13 25 1999 7

1 * % 1994 17.5 4.2 1995 18.1 3.3 1996 18.5 2.2 1997 18.1-2.2 1998 0.9 2.4 16.6-9.0 1999 0.9 3.5 13.7-21.2 0.6 2000 1.0 1.7 13.1-4.6 2.3 2001 12.9-1.6 8.2 * NGO NGO NGO 1980 NGO NGO NGO 1978 8

90 NGO 21 NGO 80 NGO 90 NGO NGO NGO 1988 1989 1989 10 1998 10 1999 8 NGO 2001 2001 WTO NGO NGO WTO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 9

NGO 21 NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 20 NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 10

NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 2002 NGO NGO NGO 2000 NGO 11

NGO 26 NGO NGO 1508 NGO 68.2%NGO 41% 24.2% 34.7% 5.1% 6.3% 14%NGO 1508 NGO NGO NGO22.3% NGO15.6 NGO11.5% (59.4%) 58.7% 58.6% 57.0% 46.4% 41.0% 38.5% NGO 68.7%NGO 6.3 6.1% 70.7 NGO 50 3.6% NGO 21.2 6% 5.6% 27 5 NGO 49.2 27.9 8 NGO NGO 30% NGO NGO 26 10000 1564 15.65% 2001 118 27 42 NGO 49 40 11 (55%) (47%) (45%) Salamon1999 Pp27-33 12

90% NGO 50 5% NGO 1000 100 NGO 2% 90 46.6% 6.9%NGO 34.4%NGO NGO 14.7% 10.5%NGO NGO NGO NGO. NGO NGO NGO 20 2002 8 14 1524 162 33 28 NGO NGO WTO WTO NGO 2001 1/3 2/3 28 2002 13

NGO 1995 2000 112 19952000 60 53% 2001 299 89 2001 64 96 0.6 97 5 96 17.5 29 1979 2001 9 10 1999 4 11 2002 1 2002 30 2002 2 10 8 29 http://www.ica.gov.cn 30 1997 14

1985 1990 2000 2 31 8 13 2000 NGO NGO 2002 1985 1997 2000 6 1000 32 2002 10 1995 NGO 31 [2000]16 32 2002 6 25 1 15

NGO 21 NGO 20 140 NGO NGO NGO 10%NGO NGO 2002 8 33 34 2 NGO 12 NGO 18 (World Summit on Sustainable Development WSSD) 35 NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO think-tank NGO 33 1996 34 1994 35 1992 130 6.5 5000 5000 5 5000 16

NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 2001 WTO NGO 1989 NGO NGO NGO 2002 2003 NGO NGO NGO 2000 4 17

NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 36 37 36 / 3 18

38 39 40 NGO NGO 2000 NGO 2002 NGO NGO NGO NGO 2002 2 41 8 37 / 5 38 39 40 41 19

NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 1990 NGO 1997 1999 1993 1994 30 3 1999 NGO NGO 42 43 2000 NGO 42 1986 1986 1988 43 1995 20

NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 42 NGO 49 40 11 (55%) (47%) (45%) 44 NGO 1999 45 2002 6 46 NGO NGO 2000 44 Salamon1999 1999.Pp27-33. 45 1999 6 46 21

NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 1991 NGO NGO NGO 2002 NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 22

NGO NGO 12 NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO NGO 2002 NGO NGO 1995 NGO NGO 47 NGO NGO NGO 3 4 3. 23 47 2000 4

4. 3 4 NGO 24

NGO NGO 5 5. NGO 5 NGO NGO NGO NGO WTO NGO 25

NGO NGO NGO Allison/Kaye(1997), Michael Allison, Jude Kaye Drucker1999, Peter F. Drucker Salamon 1997 Salamon,Laster M & Anheier, Helmut K. Defining the Nonprofit Sector: A Cross-national Analysis. Salamon 1996 Salamon,Laster M & Anheier, Helmut K. The Emerging Non-profit Sector: An Overview. Salamon 1999 Salamon,Laster M & Anheier, Helmut K. Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector. U.S.A.The Johns Hopkins University Maryland. Tsou 1967, Tsou. Tang. Revolution, Reintegration,and Crisis in Communist China: a Framwork for Analysis. in: HoPing-ti & TsouTanged.. China in crisis. V.1 Book 1. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, pp.277364. 2002 NPO (1996) (1997) (1998) (2000), (1992), David Held 2002314331 (2000), (2001), 1999.. NGO ( ). 2002 (2000) (1999) (1994) 26

13753 2002 1999 1994 1993 2001 2001 1999 NGO ( ) NGO 1996 2000 2000 2000 199619 1999 27