CCMP91-CT-001 Development of Medicinal Plants and Preservation of Introduced Germplasms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (91) 255 1. (Liliaceae) 2. (Cruciferae) 3. (Gramineae) 4. (Euphorbiaceae) 5. (Umbelliferae) 6. (Labiatae) 7. (Solanaceae) 8. (Cucurbitaceae) 9. (Dioscoreaceae) 10. (Compositae) 11. 72-12 + 2 0 C 30 + 3 % RH -2+ 2 0 C 40+ 3% RH 10 + 2 0 C 40 + 3 % RH 595
Taiwan Agricultural Research Inctitute Chien-Yih Lin Abstract In accordance with the mission of the Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Republic of China, to develop and utilize medicinal plants and to preserve medicinal genetic resources in Taiwan, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) has strengthened on the collection and preservation of medicinal plant germplasms. Propagation and then the investigation of characteristics, yield and utilization potentiality of these materials are continuously in progress. A total of 255 species has been collected, observed, evaluated and conserved in seed banks, in vitro culture genebanks, and field genebanks at TARI in this year. The most important species have been collected from the following families: 1. Liliaceae, 2. Cruciferae, 3. Gramineae, 4. Euphorbiaceae, 5. Umbelliferae, 6. Labiatae, 7. Solanaceae, 8. Cucurbitaceae, 9. Dioscoreaceae, 10. Compositae, and many other families. After cultivation of the collected medicinal plants on field nursery at TARI, A total of 90 species processed seeds has been sent to the storage area, including the short-term room, medium- term room, and long-term room, with storage conditions of 10 + 2 O C and 40 + 3% RH, -2 + 2 O C and 40 + 3% RH, and -12 + 2 O C and 30 + 3% RH, respectively. Morphological and genetic studies and database establishing on the important materials are parts of this study. Keywords Medicinal plants, Germplasm, Production. 596
SRB (1,2,3,4,5,20,23.24,25) (14.15.33) (3,8,21,22,.34,37,38,39,41) (9,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,.27,29,30,31,.38,40) 4,477 2,500 7,000, (2,3,17,18,19,31) 200 597
65 72 4 5 1959 (2,3,.32) (35,36) 598
91 150 1. (1.0 ) 2. 1.5 100m 3. 1.2 4. 2.0 599
-12 2 30 3 % RH -2 2 40 3% RH 10 2 40 3 % RH 30 50 400( )-4,000 ( ) (6) 1. 2. ( ) 90 (16 ) 1977 ( ) 1. 600
2. ( ) 1. (passport data) 2. 400( )-4,000 ( ) 91 601
255 91 ( )91 255 NO. NO. NO. 1 36 71 2 37 72 3 38 73 4 39 74 5 40 75 6 41 76 7 42 77 8 43 78 9 44 79 10 45 80 11 46 81 12 47 82 13 48 83 14 49 84 15 50 85 16 51 86 17 52 87 18 53 88 19 54 89 20 55 90 602
21 56 91 22 57 92 23 58 93 24 59 94 25 60 95 26 61 96 27 62 97 28 63 98 29 64 99 30 65 100 31 66 101 32 67 102 33 68 103 34 69 104 35 70 105 NO. NO. NO. 106 142 176 107 143 177 108 144 178 109 145 179 ( ) 110 146 180 111 147 181 112 148 182 113 149 183 114 ( ) 150 184 603
115 ( ) 151 185 116 152 186 117 153 187 118 154 188 119 155 189 120 156 190 121 157 191 122 158 192 123 159 193 124 160 194 125 161 ( ) 195 126 ( ) 162 196 127 163 ( ) 197 128 164 198 129 165 199 130 166 ( ) 200 131 167 201 132 168 202 133 169 203 134 170 204 135 171 205 136 172 206 137 173 207 138 174 208 139 175 209 604
NO. NO. NO. 213 231 246 214 232 247 215 233 248 216 234 249 217 235 250 218 236 251 219 237 252 220 238 253 221 239 254 222 240 255 223 241 224 242 225 243 226 244 227 245 ( ) A. TARI-001 Acanthaceae Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees 1, 30~100cm,,,,,,,. 605
,, andrographin, panicolin, panicolide, andragraphan, andrographon, andrographosterin,,, 3 P.210 TARI-002 Acanthaceae Ruellia tuberosa Linn. 1,,,,,, 5 P.212 TARI-003 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes bidentata Blume 60-120cm 0.5-3cm 4.5-12cm 1-5cm 5 6-9 9-11 triterpenoid saponins ecdysterone inokosterone 606
(5) P.42 TARI-004 Araceae Pinellia pedatisecta Schott ` 6-7 9-11 3-isopropyl-pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-di-one 3-iso-propyl-6-terbutyl-2,5-piprt-azinedione 3-isopropyl-6-methy-2,5-piperazinedione -carboline uracil nicotinaide P.541 TARI-005 Asclepiadaceae Cyanachum paniculatum (Bge.) Kitag.?1m 5 5 607
1 2 5 2 5~7 9~12 C21??B?A B C P.381 TARI-006 Balsaminaceae Impatiens balsamina L. 80cm 6-15cm 1.5-2.3cm 7-9 9-10 parinaric acid P.277 TARI-007 Campanulaceae 608
Platycodon grandiflorum(jacq.) A. DC. 30-90 3-4 3-6 1-2.5 7-9 8-10 ( ) P.1775 TARI-008 Caryophyllaceae Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke (V. pyramidata Medic.) 30~70cm ; 5 4~5 6 P.34 609
TARI-009 Caryophyllaceae Dianthus superbus L. 30-50cm 3-7cm 3-5mm 5 5cm 2mm 7-8 8 isoorientin dianthus saponin A,B,C,D gypsogenin P.84 TARI-010 Compositae Silybum marianum (L.) Gaerth ( ) P.410 610
TARI-011 Compositae Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. 1.4 Atractylol Atractylon A P.486 TARI-012 Compositae Hibiscus mutabilis L. P.660 TARI-013 Compositae Artemisia argyi Levl. Et Vant 611
P.650 TARI-014 Compositae Carthamus tinctorius L. carthamin neo-carthamin acarthamone saffor yellow P.489 TARI-015 Compositae Artemisia abrotanum 612
P.150 TARI-016 Compositae Artemisia capillaris Thunb. 40-100 1.5 2-3 9-10 11-12 - ( ) P.1588 TARI-017 Convolvulaceae Pharbitis Ipomoea nil (Linn.) Roth 5~6 pharbitic acid,ipurolic acid, 613
3 P.176 TARI-018 Cruciferae Sinapis alba L. 60-120cm 6-15cm 2-4cm 2mm 4-6 6-7 P.141 TARI-019 Cruciferae Isatis indigotica Fort. 2 5 6 indoyl- -glucoside - (C5H7NO3) (C26H48O16) (C18H30O10) 614
P.138 TARI-020 Cucurbitaceae Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. 10 2 8-20 5-7 7-8 9-10 ( ) P.1780 TARI-021 Cucurbitaceae Curcuma aromatica Salisbury 80~120cm 615
camphene, camphor, sesquiterpenes, phellandrene, curcumol, curcumin, turmerone 5 P.281 TARI-022 ( ) Cupressaceae Platycladus orientalis(l.)fanco(biota orientalis (L.)Endl.,Thuja orientalis L. A P.172 TARI-023 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia kansui T. P. Wang 616
Euphorbin Euphorbol Kanzuiol P.90 TARI-024 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia antiquorum Linn. 3-5 8-12cm 2-4cm 3-4 1 P.46 TARI-025 Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Linn. 617
4-6 6-7 1-tridecene-3, 5, 7, 9, 11-pentyne -sitosterol (4) P.58 TARI-026 Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis L. 2-3 20-40cm 7-9 8-18mm 6-9mm 5-8 7-10 ricinine ricin acidic ricin basic ricin ( ) P.2446 TARI-027 Gramineae 618
Coix lacroyma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Roman.) Stapf 2~3 coixenolide,coiol, P.518 TARI-028 Icacinaceae Nothapodytes foetida (Wight.) Sleumer 2-4 8-10 9-9-methoxycamptothecine trigonelline 5 P.133 TARI-029 Iridaceae 619
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. belamcandin iridin tectoridin tectorigenin mangiferin 3 P.271 TARI-030 Labiatae Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. tanshinone,tanshinone A,tanshinone B,tanshinone P.413 TARI-031 Labiatae Perilla frutescens (Linn.) Brittiner 620
egomaketon matsutake alcohol perillaketone 5 P.184 TARI-032 Labiatae Salvia coccinea Linn., 50~100cm,,,,, 6~8, 9~11. saluianin,,,,,. 3 P.195 TARI-033 Labiatae Mentha pulegium var.erecta P.191 621
TARI-034 Labiatae Leonurus japoncus Thunb. 1 2 3 5-7 8-9 leonurinine (1) P.183 TARI-035 Labiatae Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Benth.) Briq. 1 60~90cm 3~5 6~7 8 P.415 622
TARI-036 Labiatae Rosmarinus officinalis L. 1-2 3-4 2-4 4-6 - - ( ) P.1738 TARI-037 Labiatae Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi 30~60cm 2 4 4 2 4 6~9 8~10 623
baicalin baicalein wogonin wogonside neobaicalein koganebanain skullcapflavone oroxylin A -mthoxy-nor-wogoin 2',5, 8-trihgdroxy- -methoxyflavone 4',5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone - baicalinase P.416 TARI-038 Labiatae Ocimum basilicum L. 20-70 2-6 1-3.5 0.7-2 7-9 8-10 - ( ) P.1357 TARI-039 Labiatae Agastache rugosa (Fisch. et Mey.). Kuntze 624
? methyl-chavicol 3-octonone 3-octanol P.401 TARI-040 Leguminosae Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. 3 10~30 10~14 ( ) P. TARI-041 Leguminosae Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. 30-80cm 6cm 5-7 2-5.5cm 1-3cm 625
2-8 6-7 7-9 P.199 TARI-042 Leguminosae Astragalus complanatus R. Br. 1m 8~9 9~10 P.132 TARI-043 Leguminosae Cassia tora L. 130cm 3 2-3cm 1.5-3cm 6-14cm 2-5cm 8-10 9-11 626
chrysophanol xanthone P.190 TARI-044 Leguminosae Phaseolus caicaratus Roxb. 20-75cm 7-17cm 4-9cm 2-6cm 1cm 6-13cm 6-10 5-8mm 3-4mm 5-8 8-9 A,B P.205 TARI-045 Leguminosae Acacia farnesiana (Linn.) Willdenow 627
(catechol tannin) 2 P.97 TARI-046 Leguminosae Dolichos lablab L. 1 6-8 9 B C Stachyose 1-pipecolic acid phytoagglutinin ` P.194 TARI-047 Leguminosae Cassia occidentalis Linn. 1 5 5 10 3 10cm 628
dianthronic heteroside 1,8-dihydroxyanthr-aquinone -hydroxyanthraquinone emodin quercetin 1 P.89 4~6 TARI-048 Leguminosae Astragalus membranaceus(fisch.) Bunge 40~150 25~75 5 TARI-049 Leguminosae Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. 30~50cm 629
~12mm 1~2mm 1~3cm 1~1.5cm 1~2 13~18mm 10 1 6~12cm 5mm 4mm 3~6 4~7 (trigonelline) (choline) (gentianine) (carpaine)?(dioscin) 5 P.102 TARI-050 Leguminosae Psoralea corylifolia L. 1,,,,,,,, 7~8, 9~10.,., psoralen, isopsoralen, angelicin, psoralidin, corylidin,,, 630
P.207 TARI-051 Leguminosae Sophora japonica L. 25m 15-25cm 7-17 2-4mm 2.5-7cm 1.2-2.5cm 1.5cm 2.5-5cm 1-6 7-8 9-10 betulin sophoradiol sophoricoside sophorose P.212 TARI-052 Leguminosae Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp. 1-3m 3 3-10cm 1-3cm 631
1 P.85 TARI-053 Liliaceae Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. timosaponina-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 A-6 P.552 TARI-054 Liliaceae Allium tuberosum Rottler 7-10 632
2 P.273 TARI-055 Liliaceae Allium ascalonicum L. 15-60 6 - ( ) P.1481 TARI-056 Malvaceae Malva verticillata Linn. 10~12 ( ) P.765 TARI-057 Malvaceae Malva verticillata Linn. 633
malvalic acid sterculic acid 3 P.113 TARI-058 Malvaceae Althaea rosea (L.)Cav. 2.5 6-10 5-10 3-7 4-8 2.5 7mm 5 3mm 5-10 pentosans methyl pentosans uronic acid galactan rhamnosan ( ) P.2487 634
TARI-059 Moraceae Morus alba Linn. 1-2 6-10 1-1.5 30-60 2-5 4 1 P.22 TARI-060 Plantaginaceae Plantago asiatica L. 50 4~8 1. 2. ( ) P.403 TARI-061 Polygalaceae 635
Polygala tenuifolia Willd. 30cm 1-4cm 1-3cm 4-5 5-6 P.248 TARI-062 Polygonaceae Boehmeria frutescens Thunberg 3~6cm hydrocyanic acid, leucocyanidin, phenol, triterpenes, chlorogenic acid, flavnoids 4 P.41 636
TARI-063 Portulacaceae Talinum triangulare Willd. 2 3 5~10 1 P.38 TARI-064 Rhamnaceae Zizphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa Hu ex H. Fchou 1-3m 2-4cm 0.8-2cm 2-3 5 0.8-1.3cm 6-7 9-10 jujubo side A,B betulic acid 637
P.280 TARI-065 Rosaceae Sanguisorba minor P.214 TARI-066 Rubiaceae Morinda officinalis How C P.450 TARI-067 Sapindaceae Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. 10~25m 638
, 5 5 8~10 1 6~7 9~10? sapindoside?? hederagenin P.275 TARI-068 Saururaceae Houttuynia cordata Thunb. 6-7 8-9 decanoyl acetaldehyde myrcene - - 2-methyheptenone bornyl acetate 639
( ) P.35 TARI-069 Scrophulariaceae Scoparia dulcis Linn. 4 4 4 1 dulciol hexacosa-nol -sitosterol D- 1 P.195 TARI-070 Solanaceae Datura metel L. 640
P.420 TARI-071 Solanaceae Datura tatula Linn. 50~150cm 2~3cm 5~12cm 3~6cm?(esterase) (hyoscyamine) (hyoscine) 3 P.199 TARI-072 Thymelaeaceae Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg, 21cm,.,.,,, 0.5~1.2cm,,,, 2.5~3cm,,, 2, 4~5, 7~8.,., P.305 641
TARI-073 Umbelliferae Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 3~4 trans-anethole,fenchone,p-cymol,estragole,methyl-anethole,, P.346 TARI-074 Umbelliferae Bupleurum chinensis DC.,,,,,,, 7~9, 9~10.,,adonitol,,, P.339 TARI-075 Umbelliferae Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. f. ex Fr. et Sav. 642
P.336 TARI-076 Umbelliferae Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels 40~100cm 2 3 3~11cm 3 5~15mm 1~2 1800~2500m P.153 TARI-077 Umbelliferae Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schisehk. 30-80cm 2.5-6.5cm 2-3 5-7 643
5 8-9 9-10 deltoin hamaudol glucoside cimifugin ( ) P.351 TARI-078 Verbenaceae Vitex negundo Linn. 5 5 4 2 2mm 4~6 7~10 vitexicarpin - - L- orientin luteolin-7-glucoside artemisetin aucubin 644
P.397 TARI-079 Vitaceae Ampelopsis cantoniensis (Hook. et Am.) Planchon. 3-5 2 3-8cm 2-6cm 3-4 2 2mm 5 3 P.131 TARI-080 Zingiberaceae Costus speciosus (Koen.) Smith 1~2.5m 4~8cm 645
diosgenin tigogenin - 2 P.281 TARI-081 Zingiberaceae Kaempferia galanga Linn. 2-4 6-12cm 3-9cm 6-12 6-10 cineole borneol camphene haempferol kaempferide (5) P.286 TARI-082 Zingiberaceae Curcuma longa Linn. 4-6 20-45cm 1.5-5cm 15-20cm 20-30cm 646
7-11 3 turmerone zingerene phellandrene cineole sabinene borneol curcumin 2 P.282 TARI-083 Amaryllidaceae Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. ( ) P.661 TARI-084 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias tuberosa 647
P.152 TARI-085 Boraginaceae Nicandra physaloides(l.) Gaertn. 50-80 4-5 4-15 1.5-7.5 4-5 ( ) P.2184 TARI-086 Celastraceae Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (wilfordine) wilforine) wilforgine) (wilfortrine) (wilforzine) 648
cclacinnine) cclacinnine) 3 P.127 TARI-087 Chloranthaceae Chloranthus oldhami Solms. 20-50cm 4 8-16cm 4-8cm 300-2000m 4 P.35 TARI-088 Compositae Inula helenium L. alantolactone,iso-alantolactone,dihydro-alantolactone 649
P.10 TARI-089 Compositae Cirsium japonicum DC. 1. 2. P.304 TARI-090 Compositae Tanacetum parthenium parthenolide P.221 TARI-091 Compositae Arnica montana 650
P.149 TARI-092 Compositae Cirsium chinense Gardn. et Champ. 3 P.237 TARI-093 Compositae Helianthus annuus L. 651
( ) P.931 TARI-094 Compositae Calendula officinalis Linn. 30-50cm 3-8cm 1-4cm 4 P.222 TARI-095 Compositae Artemisia dracunculus A C P.151 652
TARI-096 Compositae Achillea alpina L 50~150cm 3 2 6~9 9~11 - (chamazulene) (achillin) (aconific acid) P.476 TARI-097 Crassulaceae Sedum erythrostictum Miq. 30-70cm 3 4.5-7cm 2-3.5cm 1cm 5 5-6cm Sedoheptulose 653
( ) P.2380 TARI-098 Cruciferae Raphanus sativus L. P.140 TARI-099 Cucurbitaceae Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogniaux 5~7 5~6 6~8 C urease 654
3 P.217 TARI-100 ( ) Cucurbitaceae Melothria indica Loureiro 7-9 8-10 (3) P.224 224 TARI-101 Cupressaceae Biota orientalis(l.) Endl. 20 1 1.2-2.5 0.5 0.3 4 9-10 655
( ) P.1375 TARI-102 Hypericaceae Hypericum monogynum L. 1m 4-9cm 1.5-2.5cm 3-5cm 8mm 5 6-7 8-9 Hyperisin P.296 TARI-103 Labiatae Origanum vulgare L. - carvacrol,thymol,geranyl acetate 656
P.408 TARI-104 Labiatae Melissa axillaria Bakh. f. 60-100cm 0.3-2.5cm 1.5-5cm 1-3cm 6-8 8-10 800-2800m 4 P.191 TARI-105 Labiatae Mentha spicata TARI-106 Labiatae Satureja montana 657
TARI-107 Labiatae Leonurus cardiaca TARI-108 Labiatae Monarda didyma TARI-109 Leguminosae Galega officinalis 2~6 P.172 TARI-110 658
Leguminosae Hedysarum polybotrys Hand. Mazz. 1m 3-12 1-3.5cm 0.5-1.1cm 20-25 10mm 3-5 5mm 6-8 7-9 1-3-hydroxy-9-methoxy pterocarpan P.201 TARI-111 Leguminosae Caesalpinia sappan L 5-10m 2 30cm 7-12 1-1.5cm 6-9mm 5 7.5cm 3.5cm 3-4 5-6 9-10 brasilin sappanin ocimene 659
P.185 TARI-112 Liliaceae Allium bulleyanum Diels ( ) P.192 TARI-113 Malvaceae Urena lobata L. 21.92 6.87 13~14 ( ) P.822 TARI-114 Moraceae 660
Cannabis saliva L. Phytin P.46 TARI-115 Moraceae Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Herit 3~5 2cm 4~5 7~8 ( )? B? ( ) 661
1 P.19 TARI-116 Pedaliaceae Sesamum indicum L. 1.5m 3 6~7 9~10 arachidic acid carnaubic acid behenic acid P.437 TARI-117 Polygonaceae Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Reg. P.16 662
TARI-118 Polygonaceae Rumex scutatus chrysophanein quercetin-3-glactoisde tannin vitexin vioaxanthin C. (2) P.213.38 TARI-119 Polygonaceae Rheum officinale Baill 6-7 8-9 P.72 663
TARI-120 Polygonaceae Rumex acetosa Linn. 20-80cm 5-15cm 2-5cm 3 5-7 6-10 chrysophanein quercetin-3-galactoside tannin vitexin violaxanthin 2 P.38 TARI-121 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus ternatus Thunb. 5-15cm 3 3 0.5-1.5cm 0.5-1cm 3 3 1.5cm 1cm 1.5cm 5 4-5 5-6 664
( ) P.2206 TARI-122 Rosaceae Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. 50-180cm 3-9 1-6cm 0.6-3cm 6-9 9-10 1 P.81 TARI-123 Rutaceae Citrus medico Linn. var. sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle 1700 665
pinene citropten limettin diosmin hesperidin 3 P.121 TARI-124 Rutaceae Ruta graveolens L. 1m 2-3 6-12cm 2cm 4-5 5-9 7-8 - P.238 TARI-125 Scrophulariaceae Veronica undulata Wallich 666
3 P.206 TARI-126 Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia nodosa P.216 TARI-127 Umbelliferae Coriandrum sativum L. 1 2 1-2 ocimene - -(2)-(1) P.344 667
TARI-128 Umbelliferae Anethum graveolens L. 3~4,carvone,umbelliprenin,dillapiol,bergapten, P.335 TARI-129 Umbelliferae Pimpinella anisum P.266 TARI-130 Verbenaceae Verbena officinalis L. 1m 3-5 668
2-3 16-30 4 6-8 7-10 2 P.118 TARI-131 Violaceae Viola yedoensis Makino 4~10cm 2.5cm?10cm?4cm 5 4 5 3~4 4~9 P.298 669
TARI-132 Vitaceae Cissus repens Lamarck 1 2? 4~5 4, 1~2 2 P.154 TARI-133 Zingiberaceae Amomum kravanh Perre ex Gagnep. 2 P.585 TARI-134 Zingiberaceae Amomum villosum Lour. 670
- - P.587 TARI-135 ( ) Zingiberaceae Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt et Smith 1-2m 35-55 2-6 30 4-6 5-8 3 P.196 B. B001. Achyranthes bideneata Blume. Amaranthaceae 671
:6.4-7.2 cm :8-12.6 cm :50-75 cm :5-7 cm :1.6-2.1 cm :21-50 cm : B002 Achyranthes obeusifolia Lam. Amaranthaceae :9.3-13.9cm :5.5-7cm :113-158cm :6-10cm :0.9-2.1cm :21-34cm B003. Achyranthes rubrofusca Wight. Amaranthaceae :7.2-8.6 cm :3.4-4.1 cm :62-71 cm :0.7-1.3 cm :10.4-12.1 cm :22-36cm B004. Acanthopanax sieboldianus Mak. Araliaceae methoxysalicyl aldehyde :6.8-9.7cm :2.8-4.2cm :132-166cm :2.8-4.1cm :1.3-2.4cm B005. Acanthopanax trifoliates (L) Merr. (Araliaceae) 672
:6.1-10.3cm :2.8-3.8cm 110-145cm :2.1-2.8cm 1.2-1.5cm B006. Ajuga pygmaea A. Gray. (Labiatae) :6.3-6.5cm :1.7-1.8cm :7-15cm :1.9-3.4cm :0.2cm : B007. Aloe barbadensis var.chinensis Berger (Liliaceae) 26.4-36.6cm :3.8-5.2cm :28.4-42.3cm : B008. Alpinia japonica Mig (Zingiberaceae) ( ) ( ) : 16.2cm : 2.3cm : 32.4cm : 0.6 B009. Alternanthera sessilis R. Br. Amaranthaceae :5.5-6.3cm :0.7-1.2cm :39-49cm :5.2-8.2cm 673
:0.3-0.6cm :0.3-0.4cm : B010. Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae :3.6-5cm :1.5-2cm :112-130cm :8-12cm :3.2-3.8cm :8.2-10cm : B011. Andrographis poniculata (Acanthaceae) :4.8-5.5cm :0.9-1.1cm :10-16cm :2.8-3.4cm :0.2-0.3cm B012. Aristolochia cucurbitifolia Hay (Aristolochiaceae) :4.9-6.3cm :5.1-5.9cm :15.6-32cm ;2.8-3.4cm :0.2-0.4cm B013. Aristolochia kankauensis Sasaki (Aristolochiaceae) :5.4-7.2cm :4.8-6.4cm :6.3-12.6cm :1.6-2.5cm :0.4-0.9cm 674
B014. Belamcanda chinensis DC. : (Iridaceae) :26.5-38.6cm :1.3-2.3cm :26.5-38.6cm : B015. Boehmeria densiflora Hook. et Arn. Urticaceae :7.5-13cm :0.8-2.4cm :118-156cm :1.8-2.4cm :2.3-6cm B016. Boehmeria frutescens Thunb. var. frutescens Urticaceae :5.5-8.4cm :3.6-7.6cm :117-168 :2.3-3.6cm :2-4.5cm :2.1-3.8cm : B017. Boehmeria nivea Gaud. Urticaceae :11-15.5cm :7.1-11.5cm :136-151cm :1.5-5cm :0.4-2.5cm :2.4-5.3cm : 675
B018. Bryophyllum pinnatum Kurz. (Crassulaceae) :12.8-16.1cm :4.8-6.4cm :48.6-72.3cm :4.1-5.3cm :1.4-1.6cm B019. ( ) Catharanthus roseus (L) G.Don (Apocyaceae) ( ) : ( ) :5.6-5.7cm :2.3-2.7cm :30-34cm :3.8-4.9cm :0.7-0.9cm :2.6-2.7cm :4.9-5.4cm : B020. ( ) Catharanthus roseus (L)Don CV Albus. (Apocyaceae) : : 8.1-8.5cm :3.1-3.4cm :30-43cm :3.9-4.3cm :0.9-1.2cm :2.5-2.7cm :5.1-5.5cm : B021. Celosia cristata L. Amaranthaceae 676
:10.5-12.6cm :4.1-4.6cm :10-14cm :4.1-4.4cm :1.1-1.8cm :9-12.5cm :6.5-8.2cm : B022. Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae :10-13.2cm :1.7-2.2cm :80-100cm :4.1-5.3cm :2.4-3.4cm :13-19cm : B023. Centell asiatica Urb. Umbelliferae hydrocotyline Üœiatic acid : :2.7-3.2cm :2.9-3.6cm :14.3-26.3cm B024. Cinnamomum myrianthum Merr. (Cinnamomum kotoense Kan.et.Sas.) Lauraceae :20.8cm :7.2cm :96.7cm :6.3cm :3.4cm B025. Cirsium japonicum DC. 677
(Compositae) :27-29cm :2.7-3cm :80-89cm :15-18cm :1.6-1.9cm B026. Cleome gynandra L. (Capparidaceae) :1.3-1.9cm :1.1-1.5cm :19-26cm :2.8-3.6cm B027. Clerodendrum calamitosum L. (Verbenaceae) :10.6-11.2cmm :5.4-5.9cm :52.3-62.3cm :2.3-2.8cm :0.6-1.1cm :3.7-3.9cm :2.1-2.2cm : B028. Clerodendrum paniculatum var. albiflorum Hemsl (Verbenaceae) :12-19cm :7-15cm :53-102cm :4.5-7cm :1.6-3.7cm :2.3-3.4cm :2.8-3.2cm : B029. Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. (Verbenaceae) 678
:20.6-22.3cm :8.1-8.6cm :126.4-172.3cm :5.1-5.6cm :2.1-2.3cm B030. ( ) Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (Amaryllidaceae) :12.4-29.5cm ;0.7-0.3cm :9.2-20.3cm ; B031. Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (Zingiberaceae) :28.6-43.2cm :11.8-20.4cm :13.4-56cm B032. ( ) Datura metel L. ( ) (Solanaceae) 1 0.4-0.8 0.2 1 (hyoscyamine) 0.02 679
hyoscine 0.24 (hyoscyamine) 0.04 atropine 6 ( ) :13.4-15.6cm :6.4-8.4cm :58.4-73.4cm :4.9-6.7cm :1.8-2.6cm :21.4-23.7cm :10.5-12.2cm : B033. Dicliptera japonica Makino (Acanthaceae) (Peristrophe japonica (Thunb.) Bremek :1.6-1.8cm :1.5-2.2cm :9.8-12.3cm :3.4-6.5cm :0.1cm B034. Echinops latifolius Tausch (Compositae) B035. Emilia sonchifolia(l) DC (Compositae) :4.8-5.2cm :2.1-2.3cm :6.2-6.7cm :11.9-14.5cm :0.3-0.5cm : B036. Erythrina variegata L. var. Orientalis (L.)Merr. Leguminosae 680
:20-23cm :17-18 :35-54cm :20-32cm :4.6-5.1cm :0.5cm :1.2-1.3cm : B037. Euphorbia formosana Hay. Euphorbiaceae :6.7-12.3cm :0.5-1.2cm :42-98cm :0.7-1cm :0.5-2.4cm :5.3-7cm :3.2-5cm : B038. Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae :4.8-5.9cm :1.1-1.5cm :5-20cm :4.7-5.1cm B039. Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Euphorbiaceae :5.8-11cm :2.7-8.3cm :30-60cm :2.4-8.7cm :0.5-1cm B040. Euphorbia thymifolia L. Euphorbiaceae 681
:4.8-6cm :2.8-6.5cm :15.4-24.3cm :2.3-3.1cm :0.2-0.3cm B041. Euphorbia neriifolia L. Euphorbiaceae :11-13.8cm :3.1-3.9cm :42-63cm :2.2-4cm B042. Ficus formosana Maxim. Moraceae :23-26cm 3-6cm :45-90cm :1.5-2.2 cm :0.7-0.9 cm B043. ( ) Ficus formosana Maxim. Moraceae :23.5-26.5 cm :8-12.6 cm :11.3-13 cm :3.2-4.3cm :1.6-1.8 cm B044. Gomphrena globosa L. Amaranthaceae :4.2-6cm :1.6-2.7cm :25-35cm :6.5-12cm :1.3-3.1cm :0.7-1cm :0.9-1.8cm : 682
B045. Hedyotis diffusa Willd. (Rubiacceae) :1.9-2.5cm :0.2-0.3cm :8.6-10cm :2.3-22.7cm :0.1-0.2cm B046. Hemerocallis flava L. (Liliaceae) :52.3-68.2cm :1.2-1.6cm ;38.9-58.7cm : B047. Hibiscus mutabilis L. : : (Malvaceae) :23.6cm :25.4cm :165cm :8cm :3.8cm B048. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (Saururaceae) :7.1-7.3cm :4.9-5.3cm :16.4-21.3cm :2.8-3.1cm 683
:0.2-0.3cm :2.8-3.1cm :2.1-2.3cm : B049. Hydrangea hortensis DC. var. hordensis Maxim. Saxifragaceae :11.4-14.8cm :6.3-6.8cm :20-32cm :2.1-2.6cm :1.3-1.5cm : B050. Hyptis captiata Jacq. (Labiatae) :13-20cm :2.5-3.8cm :109-118cm :6.2-7.2cm :0.6-1.3cm : B051. Illicium arborescens Hay. Magnoliaceae :10.8cm :3.6cm :156cm :4.5cm :2.3cm B052. Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae ( ) :4-10cm :5.6-11.3cm :45-90cm :2-4.7cm :1.3-3.2cm 684
B053. Kalanchoe gracilis Hance. (Crassulaceae) :17.4-28.3cm :8.8-12.3cm :28-42.3cm :1.3-1.8cm :2.3-2.5cm B054. Leucas mollissima Wall. var. chinensis Benth. (Labiatae) :1.7-1.9cm :0.7-0.9cm :17-20cm :3.4-4.9cm :2-4.2cm : B055. Lilium formosanum Wall. (Liliaceae) :11.5-22cm :0.8cm :25-70cm :1.8-2.1cm :0.9-1.2cm B056. Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merr. (Scrophulariaceae) 685
:8.1cm :2.1cm :104cm :1.8cm ;1.1cm :1.6cm :1.6cm : B057. Liriope spicata Lour. (Liliaceae) :8.9-9.7cm :4.8-5.8cm :40-62cm :3.2-4.2cm :0.2-0.3cm :0.6-1.1cm ;0.2-0.3cm ; B058. Lobelia chinensis Lour (Companulaceae) :2.4-2.8cm :0.3-0.4cm :9-12cm :0.6-0.8cm :0.1cm :1.6-1.8cm :1.7cm B059. Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven.. Qenotheraceae :2.1-5.6cm :1.4-2.3cm :6.3-8.5cm :1.6-1.8cm :0.4-0.8cm B060. Lycium chinense Miller 686
(Solanaceae) :1.5cm :0.7cm :15.4cm :1.2 :0.3-0.6 B061. ( ) Lycim halimifolium Miller (Solanaceae) (zeaxanthin) betaine physalien betaine sitosterol linolic acid C betaine B-sitosterol-glucoside :5.4-5.5cm :2.6-2.8cm :81-90cm ;0.8-1cm :0.3-0.4cm :0.5-0.7cm :0.2-0.4cm : B062. Mahonia japonica DC. Berberidaceae ( ) :7.8-8.4cm :1.8-2.3cm :48.5-88.6cm :1.9-2.5cm :0.8-1.4cm B063. Mallotus philippinensis (Lam) Muell-Arg. Euphorbiaceae 687
:10.6-13.2cm :4.9-6.8cm :67-160cm :5-7.5cm :1-8.4cm B064. Mallotus repandus (Willd) Muell-Arg. Euphorbiaceae 12.6-13.2cm :5.6-6.4cm :110-127cm :11.5-14cm B065. Mesona chinensis Benth (Labiatae) :4.6-5.3cm :2.1-2.4cm ;24.4-32.1cm :2.6-3.4cm :0.2-0.3cm B066. Messerschmidia argentea (Linn.) John. (Boraginaceae) :9.8-13.1cm :4.78-5.2cm :34.1-38.2cm :1.5-2cm :1.2-1.73cm :0.4cm :0.1-0.2cm : B067. Mimosa pudica L. Leguminosae 688
:8.2-8.4cm :3-3.4cm :42-67cm :7.2-7.4cm :0.4-0.6cm : B068. Mirabilis jalapa L. (Nyctaginaceae) :3.3-7.1cm :2.8-3.5cm :34-52cm :4.2-6.5cm :1.3-2.1cm :3.9-4.6cm :2.9-4.3cm : B069. Moghania macrophylla (Willd) O.Kuntze Leguminosae :24-30cm :3.4-7.4cm :23-85cm :2.1-4.8cm :0.5-1.2cm B070. Nandina domestica Thunb. Berberidaceae :2.3-3.6cm :2.7-3.3cm :33-47cm :7.8-8.6cm :0.4-0.6cm 689
B071. Orthosipho ariistatus (BL) Mig. (Labiatae) (Qrthosiphonin) :5.1-5.5cm :1.8-2.1cm :65-80cm :2.3-2.6cm :0.5-0.9cm :5.1-5.6dcm :0.9-1.2cm : B072. Osmanthus fragrans Lour. Oleaceae :7.3-8.9cm :2. -4.2cm :44.3-75cm :4-9.1cm ;0.6-1.3cm : B073. Pandanus odorus Ridl. (Pandanaceae) :4.7-4.9cm :2-2.3cm :46.5-52.7cm :4.6-5.2cm :1.2-1.8cm :12.5-15.2cm : B074. Phyllanthus urinaria L. Euphorbiaceae :0.6-0.9cm :0.2-0.4cm :32-43cm :2.1-3cm :0.1-0.9 690
B075. Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Phytolaccaceae :4.6-6.2cm :1.6-2.7cm :42-83cm :3.2-7cm :10-22cm : B076. Pier kadsura Ohwi Piperaceae :3.6-7.6cm :3.-4.1cm :7-27cm :5.5-5.8cm :0.3-0.5cm B077. Polygonum cuspidatum S. et. Z. Polygonaceae :5.6-6.2cm :3.6-4.8 :15-18cm :1.3-3.2cm :0.2-0.4cm B078. Portulaca grandiflora Hook. Portulacaceae :2. 7-3.5cm :0.2-0.4cm :3.1-9.5cm :2.8-3.4cm :1.3-1.5cm :3.4-3.8cm : 691
B079. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Polygonaceae :6.2-9.2cm :4.4-5.6cm :27-48cm :3.5-6.4cm :0.2-0.3cm :0.2-0.4cm :0.2-0.3cm : B080. Pothos chinensis Merr. (Araceae) :5.8-6.5cm :1.6-1.8cm :12-26cm :2.4-2.7cm :0.2-0.3cm : B081. Qcimum basilicum L. (Labiatae) (trehalose) Ocimene ( ) :4.4-4.9cm :1.5-1.8cm :42.3-58.6cm :4.2-4.9cm :1.2-1.8 :14.5-16.2cm : B082. Saururus chinensis Baill. (Saururaceae) 692
:7.6-12cm :4.5-8.2cm :25-43cm :2-4cm :0.3-1cm B083. Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb. Saxifragaceae 4.2-5cm :5.1-5.4 :23-35 :2.7-3cm :0.4-0.5cm :0.9-1.2cm : B084. Sedum fornosanum Hay. (Crassulaceae) :1.5-2.2cm :0.3-0.5cm :11.2-22.3cm :1.6-2.3cm :0.2-0.4cm : B085. Sedum japonicum Sieb. (Crassulaceae) :2.1-2.3cm :0.2-0.4cm :10-14.1cm :1.3-1.5cm :0.3-0.4cm :0.4-0.5cm :0.8cm : B086. Solanum aculeatissimum Jack. (Solanaceae) 693
(solanidine) (solasodine) ( ) :4.6-5.8cm :3.4-5.1cm :19-32cm :1.4-2.3cm :0.9-1.4cm B087. Stachys sieboldi Mig. (Labiatae) (stachydrine stachyose) :5-5.4cm :2.5-2.9cm :52-75cm :3-3.4cm :0.5-0.9cm B088. Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. (Verbenaceae) ( ) :59-68cm :2.8-3.1cm :90-102ccm :4.9-6cm :2.1-2.3cm :27-32cm :1.2-1.5cm :1.1-1.3cm : B089. Stemona japonica Miquel (Stemonaceae) :5.5cm :2.8cm :90 ;1cm :0.4cm : 694
B090. Talinum crassifolium Willd. Portulacaceae :4-5.9cm :2.2-3.2cm :46-63cm :4-9.3cm :0.4-2.5cm c : B091. Taraxacum formosanum Kitam (Compositae) :20-22cm :46-48cm :28-32cm :1.5-1.8cm :2.4-2.5cm : B092. Trichosanthes laceribracteata Hay. (Cucurbitaceae) :6.4cm :5.9cm :20cm :5.2cm :0.3cm B093. Tricyrtis formosana Baker (Liliaceae) :13.2-15.1cm :3.8-4.6cm :42-106cm 0.2-4.6cm :0.6-0.7cm : B094. Triumfetta bartramia L. Tiliaceae 695
:4.8-6.2cm :4.6-5.9cm :53.8-82.2cm :2.8-3.8cm :1.9-2.4cm B095. (Uraria macrostachya Wall.) Uraria crinita Desv. Leguminosae :22.3-24.cm :5.2-5.6cm :4.8-5.4cm :5.2-5.7cm 1.1-1.4cm B096. Viburnum luzonicum var. formosanum Rehd. (Coprifolioceae) :10.2cm :4.2cm :83cm :6.2cm :2.3cm B097. Viola diffusa Ging (Violaceae) :1.5-2.5cm :1.5-1.9cm :3.2-6.2cm :2.3-3.2cm :0.2cm B098. Vitis thunbergii S. et. Z. var. adstricta Vitaceae 696
:2.1-3.2cm :1.5-2.2cm :8.9-17.6cm :1.6-2.8cm :0.4-1cm B099. Wedelia chinensis Merr. (Compositae) :6.2-6.4cm :5.2-5.4cm :12.9-14.8cm :16.4-17.2cm :0.6-0.8cm :2.1-3.4cm :2.1-2.7cm : C. C001. Kalimeris indica (L.) Schultz-Bip. C002. Tricyrtis formosana Baker. var. amethystian Masam. 697
C003. Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. ex Red. C004. Vitis thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. tannin C005. Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. asparagine C006. Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. 698
C007. Euphorbia formosana Hay. ellagic acid, dimethylether C008. Bischofia javanica Blume -amyrin C009. Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai 699
C010. Ixeris laevigata (Blume) Schultz-Bip. ex Maxim. var. oldhami (Maxim.) Kitamura C011. Youngia japonica (L.) DC. C012. Gynura formosana Kitamura 700
C013. Dichondra micrantha Urban 30 50 C014. Haraella retrocalla (Hay.) Kudo. C015. Rumex japonicus Houtt. C016. 701
Melastoma candidum D. Don C017. Talinum triangulare Willd. C018. Lonicera japonica Thunb. C019. Torenia concolor Lindley var. formosana Yamazaki 30 50 702
C020. Hemerocallis fulva Linn. C021. Vitex rotundifolia Linn. f. C022. Anisomeles indica (L.) Ktze. 703
C023. Mentha canadensis Linn. C024. Ocimum basilicum Linn. C025. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poir. butulinic acid C026. 704
Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. var. microcephala Kitamura C027. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni stevioside C028. Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. C029. Xanthium strumarium L. var. japonica (Widder) Hara 705
C030. Artemisia capillaris Thunb. C031. Elephantopus mollis H. B. K. elephantin C032. Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. 706
C033. Wikstroemia indica C. A. Mey. C034. Derris trifoliata Lour. C035. Viola mandshurica W. Becker C036. 707
Asplenium nidus L. 50 70 C037. Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen 50 70 C038. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz malic acid C039. Tagetes erecta Linn. 708
C040. Hibiscus mutabilis Linn. C041. Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. C042. Mirabilis jalapa Linn. trigonelline 709
C043. Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott Endl. 50 C044. Areca catechu Linn. C045. Artemisia princeps Pampanini var. orientalis (Pamp.) Hara C046. 710
Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Ness & Eberm. C047. Dicliptera chinensis Juss. C048. Aloe vera L. C049. Taraxacum formosanum Kitam. 711
C050. Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. spilanthol C051. Chrysanthemum indicum L. C052. Ardisia crenata Sims rapanone 712
C053. Zebrina pendula Schnizl. 50 C054. Nicotiana tabacum Linn. C055. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. 60 flavonoid glycoside C056. 713
Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi C057. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino 50 60 C058. Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont d. Cours.) G.Don flavoxanthin, chrysanthemaxanthin C059. Hibiscus taiwanensis Hu 714
C060. Phyla nodiflora (Linn.) Greene C061. Canavalia ensiformis DC. canavanine C062. Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle 715
C063. Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. rotenone C064. Portulaca oleracea Linn. C065. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. 30 40 C066. 716
Glechoma hederacea L. var. grandis (A. Gray) Kudo 50 C067. Arenga engleri Beccari C068. Maesa tenera Mez C069. Alpinia speciosa (Wedl.) K. Schum. 717
C070. Polygonum chinense Linn. kaempferol C071. Achyranthes aspera Linn. var. indica Linn. ecdysterone C072. Oxalis corniculata Linn. 718
C073. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet C074. Plantago asiatica L. C075. Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. var. major (Nees) C. E. Hubb. ex Hubb. Vaughan C076. 719
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban 30 60 asiatic acid C077. Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh. C078. Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth C079. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Brown ex Roem. & Schultes 720
C080. Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. C081. Taraxacum officinale Weber taraxerol C082. Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. 721
C083. Urania crinita (L.) Desv. ex DC. indicine C084. Clerodendrum paniculatum Linn. C085. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. C086. 722
Mussaenda parviflora Matsum. C087. Boussingaultia gracilis Miers var. pseudobaselleoides Bailey 30 60 C088. Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud. C089. Prunella vulgaris L. 723
C090. Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz C091. Canna indica L. C092. Pluchea indica (L.) Less. 724
C093. Clerodendrum paniculatum Linn. form. albiflorum (Hemsl.)Hsieh C094. Boehmeria densiflora Hook. et Arn. C095. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. C096. 725
Phyllanthus urinaria Linn. C097. Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. n-hentriacontane hautimasaure C098. Corchorus olitorius Linn. alitoriside C099. Sansevieria trifasciata Prain 726
sansevierigenin C100. Alpinia japonica Miquel cineole 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. (1.0 ) 2. 1.5 100m 3. 1.2 4. 2.0 727
( 91 A) 81 91 21 ( 91 B) 91 16 16 91 ( 91 C) 91 728
400( )-4,000 ( ) 91 72 1 31 61 2 32 62 3 33 63 4 34 64 5 35 65 6 36 66 7 37 67 8 38 68 9 39 69 10 40 70 11 41 71 12 42 72 13 43 14 44 15 45 16 46 17 47 18 48 19 49 20 50 21 51 22 52 23 53 24 54 729
25 55 26 56 27 57 28 58 29 59 30 60 ( ) 91 255 255 730
WTO 1. 1-13 2. 1980 1 3 3. 1986 4. 1981 5. 1987 1 5 6. 1993 7. 1995 44 731
221-228 8. 1990 9. 1979 10. 1980 11. 1983 12. 1983 ( ) 13. 1986 ( ) 14. 1973 15. 198O 16. 1981 17. 1985 (1) 18. 1988 (2) 19. 1981 20. 1987 21. ( ) 1980 :2816-2825 22. 1980 :298-304 23. 1985 24. 1975 25. 1985 26. 1978 28:38-39 27. 1982 28. 1985 29. 1978 ( ) 30. 1981 ( ) 31. 1984 ( ) 732
32. 1993 42:245-252 33. 1984 34. 1976 35. 1988 36. 1987 37. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. 1970. Methods of Analysis A.O.A.C. 11th ed. Pub. by Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Washington, D. C. 38. Bajaj, Y.P.S. 1988. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol. 4 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I. Springer-Verlag, New York. 39. Bajaj, Y.P.S. 1989. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Vol. 7 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II. Springer-Verlag, New York. 40. Liu, T.S. and Kao, M.T. 1978. Flora of Taiwan, Vol. 3. Epoch Publishing Co. Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan. 41. Yamada, Y. and Fujita, Y. 1983. Production of Useful Compounds in Culture. In: Handbook of Plant Cell Culture: Techniques for Propagation and Breeding. Evans, D.D. et al.(eds) Macmillan Publishing Co. New York. 733