(CIP) /,. :,2003.10 ISBN 7-5308-3519-X............ -.R589.7 CIP ( 2003 ) 061431 : : : : 35 300051 ( 022 ) 23332393 : www. tjkjcb s.com.cn * 787 1092 1/ 32 4. 75 93 000 2003 10 1 2003 10 1 :6.50
, 400,,,,,, 21,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,
( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 6 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) (10) (10) (13) ( ) (15) (16) (17) 1
(18) (18) (18) (18)? (18)? (20)? (20)? (21)? (22)? (22)? (23)? (23) (25) (25) (26) ( ) (27) (28) (30) (30) (31) (31) (31) 2
(36) (41) (43) (43) (43) (45) (48) (51)? (51)? (52)? (52)? (53)? (53)? (54)? (55)? (55)? (56)? (56)? (57) 3
(58)? (59)? (59)? (60)? (61) (62) (62) (63) (64) (64) (70) (75) (76) (78) (79) (79) (82) (86) (91) 4
91 ) ( 92 ) ( 93 ) ( 94 ) ( 95 ) ( 96 ) ( 98 ) (100) (103) (104) (105)? (105)? (105)? (106)? (106)? (107)? (107)? (107)? (108) 5
(108)? (108)? (109)? (109)? (110)? (110)? (110)? (111)? (111) (113) (113) (113) (114) (115) (115) (115) (116) 6
(116) (116) (117) (117) (117) (118) (118) (121) (123) (124) (125) (125) (126) (126) (127) (128) (130)? (130)? (131)? (131)? (132)? (132)? (133) 7
(133)? (133)? (134)? (135)? (135)? (136)? (136) 8
, 400,,,,,,, 21 20,,, 1
,,,,,, ( ), 0.13% 0.37%, 0.20% 0.35%,,,,, 0.16, 0.67 1948 2, 1958 25, 1990,,, 2
, 0.1% ( ),, X, 10% 25% 5% 25%, 1%, ( ), 40, ( ),,, ( ) 95%, ( ), ( ) 40 55, 45, 70 ;, 3
,,, 40, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ), ;,,, 4
), 1. 5 1 ( PRPP ) - ( HG- PRT) 2. ( ) 1. ( ) - (Lesch Nyhan) 2. 3. B 12 4. 5
,,,,, ( CPP ),,,,,,,,,,,, 6
10% 25%, 5% 25%,, - (HGPRT) 5 1 ( PRPP ),,,,,, - (HGPRT) 6, 5 5 1, ;, - ( HGPRT), 5,,,,,,,,, 7
,,,, 3 4,,, :,, 20 25 mg dl, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 8
),,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( ),, ( ),,,, 9
2 g), 2 g,, ( ) B 12,, :,,,,,,,, : ( ) ( < 3 mg d)5, 10
mg,, 2 3,,,,,,,,, ATP,,,, 5 1 ( PRPP), (HGPRT), ( ), ; 11
,,,,,,, ( ), 600 750 mg,, 2 000 3 000 mg,,,,, ( ), 30 ml min,,,,,,, 12
, : ph ; ; IgG ; ;, 1 2, ph,, ph,,, IgG, IgG, IgG,,,,,, 13
, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ;,, ;, B ( ApoB ) (LPL), ; ( PGE 2 ),, ; 14
,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15
, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,, ( ), 1 000 mol L, 24 2 g,,,,,, ( ), 16
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10% ( ),,, 40%, 20%,,, 84%,,,,,, 17
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,, 18
, ( X ) 1. (1) ( 1 ) (2), 40%, 50%, 75% (3) :,,,,,,, 2. (1) (2), ( ), 25% (3) :,,, ( ) 3. (1) X, XY, XX, X 19
( ), X, ( ),, (2),,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?, : (kg) = ( cm) 105,, 20
, : 70% ; 20% 25% ; 5% 10%, 5% 10%,100, 20 30, 200 1?, 400,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 21
,,,,,,, ;,,?,, (1),,, (2) 40, (3) (4),,, 22
,,,,,?, ;,,,,,, 5% 12%,,,,,,,,,,?, 23
20% ;, 80%,, 5,24 800mg ;, 10% 24 600 mg,,,, 24, 1 000 mg 24
,,, :, > 420 mol L( 7 mg dl), > 360 mol L(6 mg dl), ( ),,, 40 25
,,,,,, ; ( ),, 5% 12%,,, ;, ( ),, ( ),, ;,,,, 24 48,, 7 10, 26
70% ( ), 90% ; ( ),,, ;,,,,,, 1 ;,, ( ),, ;,,,, ;,, ( ),,,, 27
,, ;,,,,,,,,, 1 2,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ( ), 85% 30,,, 28
,, ;, 2,,,, 40% 45%,, 5 10,, ;,,,, 17% 25% ( ) 10,,,, ;,,,,,,, 29
;,,, X, X ;, X B ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 50% 70%, 50% 15%, 18% 30%, 2 3 30
20% ; 5% 10%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1,, ;,,,, 31
) 1. ( WBC) (4.0 10) 10 9 / L, ( 15.0 20.0 ) 10 9 / L; 0.50 0.70, 0.01 0.05, 0.005 0.05, 0.20 0.40, 0.03 0.08,,, ( 10 15 ) 10 9 / L, 20 10 9 / L, 2. ( RBC) (Hb ) (4 5.5) 10 12 / L(400 550 / L), (3.5 5.0) 10 12 / L(350 500 / L) ; 120 160g L(12 16g dl), 110 150g L(11 15g dl),,,, ( ) 0 3, 0 5,, ;, ph 5 7, 6.5; 1.003 1.035;,, 32
; ; ( ) (, ESR) : 2 10 mm h, 3 15 mm h; 0 10 mm h, 0 12 mm h,,,, 60 mm h ( ) ( TCH ) 3.63 5.69 mmol L (140 230 mg dl) ; ( TG) 0.34 1.70 mmol L( 30 150 mg dl), 0.34 1.53 mmol L( 30 135 mg dl) ; ( HDL CH ) 1.11 0.47 mmol L( 42.9 18 mg dl), 1.22 0.54 mmol L( 47 21 mg dl ) ; ( VLDL) 0.13 0.25 (13% 25% ), ( LDL) 0.50 0.60; B (ApoB) 890 188 mg L, 860 180 mg L, ( TG) ( TCH ) (LDL VLDL) B (ApoB), (HDL CH) ( TG), 40% 70% ; 20% ; ( HDL CH) 30% 40% 33
, ( ) (TBIL)5.1 17 mol L( 0.3 1.0 mg dl), ( II ) 4 6 (ALT) 5 25 ; 6 24 L, 7 16 L ( AST) 8 28 ; 8 20 L ( GT) 3 17 L, 2 13 L ( LDH)190 310, 50%, 70% ; (ALT) ( AST), ( LDH) ( GT),, ( ) ( BUN) 2.5 7.0 mmol L; (Cr) 44 133 mol L( 0.5 1.5 mg dl), 70 106 mol L(0.8 1.2 mg dl) ; ( CCr ) 128 15L 24 90 ml 10 ml ; 2 ( 2 MG) 34
0.287 mg L( 1 731 287 ng ml), 82 72 g L(82 72 ng ml), ;,,, ;, 2 ( 2 MG),, ( ) 4.4 6.7 mmol L( 80 120 mg dl) ; ( OGTT) : 6.67 mmol L (120 mg dl),, 30 60 9.44 mmol L(170 mg dl),2, 7.2 mmol L ( 130 mg dl), (WHO) > 7.8 mmol L 2 > 11.1 mmol L, 30% ; (ADA) > 7.0 mmol L, 30%, ; 35
OG- TT), : 1 2 ; ; 1 ( ) 2,, ; OGTT, 1 ( 2 ), 2 3,, 1 2, C ( ) 1.,, ; 36
2. 180 420 mol L(3 7 mg dl), 150 360 mol L(2.5 6 mg dl) ; 420 mol L( 7 mg dl) 360 mol L(6 mg dl) 3. 420 mol L(7 mg dl) 550 mol L(9 mg dl) ; 550 mol L( 9 mg dl) 700 mol L(12 mg dl) ; 700 mol L( 12 mg dl), 588 60 mol L, 606.9 mol L ( 10 mg dl), 1 772.66 mol L (30 mg dl), 420 mol L(7 mg dl), 360 mol L(6 mg dl), 1 000 mol L(17 mg dl),, 2 ;, ;,,,,, 37
, (ACTH),,,,,,, ph, 4. (1),, (2),, 5 (3), (4),,, ;,,, 38
,, ( ) 1. 5, 24, ;, 2., 1.8 4.5 mmol 24 ( 300 700 mg), 600 mg 4.5 mmol(700 mg) 3. 700 mg ; 900 mg,,,,, 900 mg 24,,,,,, 24 3.6 mmol(600 mg) ; 24 4.8 mmol (800 mg),, 39
24 ;,, 3 5 4. (1),,,, (2) 24,, (3) 5, ; 1, (4),,, 24, 200 ml (5) ( ),, ;, (6),,,,, (7),, ; 40
, ( ) ( 5 ml ),,, 200 cm 3,,, 5 ml,,,, 2000 4000 cm 3, 10, 50%, 10 12 m, 12 m, 1 m,, 45, (, murexide),, IgG PGE 2 (LT) (IL 1),,, 41
( ),,,, ( ) X, X,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) X X (DEXA) ( BMD), 60% 70%, 90% X (DEXA) (BMD), X,,, X ( ) X, 42
B ; CT MRI 1. 2.,, 3., ( ),, 4., ;, 5.,, 6., 7. ( ) (ARA) 43
, : 1., ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8. ; 9., ( ) 1. ; 2. ( ) ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. X, 1 2, 3 4 5 ( ) Holmes ( 1985 ) 1. ; 2. ; 3., 44
) 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4., ;,, ( ),,,,,,, ; X,, ( ),,,,,,,, 45
( ),,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 3 ;,,,,, ( ),,,,, ( ) ( ), 20%,, 46
),,, ; 80%, X,,,,,,,, ( ), ;, ( ),,, ( ),,, ( ),,,, X ( CPPD) ( ),, 1 4 47
,, ; O,,,,, ; ( ) ( SLE) ( Reiter), X ( ),, 140 90 mmhg ( 18.6 12 kpa) 30% 50%,, ;,,,, ( ),,,, 48
50%,,, ( ),,,,,,, 14%, 27.6%,,,,,,30 359.2 46.6 mol L, 56 49
34.1 mol L, ( P < 0.01),,,,, 2 ; 20% 30%,, 10% ( ),,,, ( IGT) ; IGT, IGT, 30%, ( IGT), 70% ; 50%, 10%,,, 50
( ),, (TG) ; 2 3,,, 70%, : ( LPL), ;, (VLDL) ;? 51
, 2.,,,,,, 3.,, 4.,,?,, 1.10, 5 ; 30 2., 3.,, 4.,,, 5.,,,?, 52
,, ;,,,,,?,,,,, ( 1 ) 3,,,,,,,,,,,,? 53
; ; ; ; ;,?, 20% 25%,, 8,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 2,,,,,,, 54
,,,,,?,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,?,, 1. 55
,, 2.,, 3.,,,?,,, ph,,,,,,,? 1., 75% 80%, 20% ;,, 56
2. ph ( ),, ph ;, ph ph 7.35 7.45( ), ph,,, ph 5.5 6,,,,,,?,,,, 10%, 1., 85%, ; ( ) ( ), 2. ;, 3., 57
ph ;, ph 6.4 4., 1 4 ;?,,,,,, 1. 40, ;,, 2. ;,, 3.,,, 4.,, ; 58
,,, 5.,, 6.,,,, ;,,,?,,,?,,,, 1.,,, ( ), 59
,,, 3.,,, ;,, X ;,, ;,?,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 60
,,?, 1. 2., 3., 4. 5. 6.,,,,,,, 61
,,,, ( ),,, ( ), 2000 ml, ( ),,,, 62
),,, ( ),,, ( ),,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,, ( ), 63
, ( ) ( ),,,, ( ),,,,,, 72,, ( ) (Colchicine) 1.,,,,, 2., 90% ; 64
24 75%, 24 3.,,, 1 2 4. 1 mg, 0.5 mg, 6 mg, ; 3 4 mg, 6 8 mg, ( 1.0 2.0 mg),,, 1 2 mg 20 40 ml, ; 4 6 1, 1 2 mg 5% 500 ml 5., ; ;,,, 6. 65
(2), (3) (4) (5) ( ),, 1. ( Indomethacin, ),, 4 25 75 mg, 6 8 1, 200 mg, 25mg, 3 4,,,, 2. (Oxyphenbutazonum) ( Phenybutazonum),,, 66
mg, 4, 2 3, 200 300 mg,, 3. (Diclofenac, ), 26 50 ;,,,, 25 50 mg, 2 3, 1 2,, 90% 24 ; 1.2 1.8 4. (Naproxen,, ), 1972, ; 1980,,,,, ;,,, 11, 7 22 200 300 mg, 2 3, (12 15 ), 2,,, 67
200 mg, 1 ;, 0.25 g,,,,,, ; 5. ( Piroxican,, ),,,, 1,,,, ;,,,,,30,3 5,, ; 99%, 40 45 20 mg, 1,, 40 mg 1, ; 6. ( Tiaprofenic acid, ) 68
,, ;,,, 200 mg, 2 3 ; 600 mg, 1, 7. ( Sulindac, ),,,, 150 200 mg, 2, 7, 8. ( Ibuprofen, ), 72 0.2 0.4 g, 2 3,,, ( ),,, 200 300 mg, 1 ; 10 mg, 3 4, 69
, ( ), 0.5 1.5 mg,, 93%, 4% ;,, 0.5 1.5 mg, ( ),,, : 9 mg dl ; ;,, ;,,, :, 24 600 mg, ; ( < 35 ml min ), 70
;,,,, 7 10 1.,, 24 < 4.2 mmol(700 mg), 24 3.6 mmol(600 mg), 24 > 5.4 mmol(900 mg) : (1) ( Probenecid, ), ;,, ;,, 0.25 g, 1 2, 0.5 g, 2 3 ; 2 g, ;, 71
(2) ( Sulfinpyrazone,, ),,,, ;, ; 3,, ; 0.1 0.2 g, 1 2, 0.4 0.8 g, 1 ; 0.1 0.2 g, 2, 10% 15%, ; 2,, (3) ( Benzbromarone,, ),, ;,,,,, 6,,, 25 mg, 72
mg,1, 1, 50 mg, 3 6,,, 10%,18%,,,, ;, 3 4,,,, ;,,,, 0.5 1.0 g, 3,,,,,, 25 50 mg, 0.5 1.0 g, 0.1 g, 2. (Allopurinol,,, ) (1),, 73
; 5 1 ( PRPP ), 5 1 ( PRPP), (IMP ),,, (2), 2 3, (Oxypurine) 18 36, (3),, 24 > 4.2 mmol(700 mg),,, ; (4) 100 mg, 1 2, 100 mg, < 387 mol L( 6.5 mg dl), 300 mg,,,, 800 mg (5),,,, 74
,,,,,, (6),, 10 mg 20 mg, ; 1, 1, 1, 3 3.,,,, 1 2 ;,,,,,, 75
,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ( ),, : 1. 3 000 ml, 2 000 ml, ; 2., ph 6.2 6.5, 1 2 g, 3 4 ; 12.5% 10 20 ml, 2 3 ; 5% 250 ml, 1, 80 100 ml, ph 7.0 7.5, 76
6 3.,,, 4. 2 3,, ( ) 1.,,, ; 3 000 ml,,, ;,, 2. 24 < 4.165 mmol(700 mg),,, 0.25 g, 2,, 1 1.5 g, 2 g,,,,, ( diamox) 0.25 g, 3., 77
0.2 0.4 g;,, ( Ccr ) 20 ml, 0.1 g ( ),, : 1.,,, 2. 5%,,, ph 6.5 ;,, 3., 0.2 0.6 g;, ( 0.6 0.8 g),,,, 78
2. 3. 24 6.6 mmol(1 100 mg) 4. 6 550 mol L(9 mg dl) 5., :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1., 24, 79
90 mmhg( 18.6 12 kpa), ; ; 130 85 mmhg ( 17.3 11.3 kpa), (ACEI), ( CCB),,, 2. X ( ),, 10 mmhg(1.33 kpa) ; 18 20 mmhg(2.4 2.67 kpa), ; S T T, 80
( ),,,,,, 4. 1,,, ; B, 5., 2 ;,, ;,,, 8 mmol L ( 140 mg dl) 10 mmol L(180 mg dl),, ;,,, 1 81
, ( ), ;,, 390 mol L( 6.5 mg dl),, ; 390 mol L ( 6.5 mg dl ), 400 mol L( 6.67 mg dl),, ; 2 3 1 mg, 2, 1 1, 420 mol L(7 mg dl) 390 mol L( 6.5 mg dl),,,, ph 6.0 6.5,, 82
,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. (1),,, (2) ( ) (3),, (4) (5) : 2. (1), 83
, (2),, (3),,, (4),,, ( ) 1. 2., 3., 4. 5., 6. ( ),,, 1., 84
,, 3.,,, 4.,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 20,,,, ph 6.0 6.5,, 85
, 25%, 50% ;,,,,,,,,,,, 1 cm 1 cm, : ( ) ( ) ( ),, 8% 10% : 1.,, ; 86
,, ; 3.,, ; 4., ; 5. ; 6.,, ( ) ( ) ( ),,, 98%, 80% 90% ( ), ( 1 cm ),,,,,, 87
), ( ),,,,, 15% 20% 24 48, 39 40, 2 3,,,, ( ),, ( ) ( ),, 5 mm, 5 mm,, X,,, 1 cm, 3 cm 88
( ) ( ) ( ) (ESWL) 1980, 1985, 1 000 1 500, 1.,,,, 2. (1),, (2),,, (3) 89
200, (4),,, 3.,,, ; 654 2 4. (1),, 1 3, (2) 20% 50%, (3),, ( stone street),, B X, 1, (4),,,,, (5) 90
) 5. (1),,, (2 ), 13 cm, (3), (4), 3 4,,,,, (5) (6) (7),, 91
( ),,,, (ACEI), ( ) 1.,, 2.,, 3., 40%, 70% ;,,,,,,,,, 92
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (acetohexamide),,,,,,,,, 93
,,,,,, ( ) 1., ( ) ( Lopid Gemfibrozil, ) ( Fenofibrate, ) 2., A ( HMG CoA), ( Simastatin, ) ( Lovastatin, ) ( Pravastatin ) 3.,,,,, 4.,,, 94
( ) 1. ( sibutramine) FDA ( SDA),,,,,, 2. (Olistat, ), FDA,,, 30%,, 1%,,,,,,,,,,,, 95
( ),,,,,,,, 12 g, 12 g, 12 g, 15 g, 10 g, 30 g, 20 g, 12 g, 10 g, 10 g, 10 g, 15 g, 12 g, 10 g, 1, ( ),,,,,,, 20 g, 15 g, 15 g, 20 g, 12 g, 12 g, 12 g, 10 g, 15 g, 12 g, 15 g, 10 g, 1, ( ),,,,,,,, 12 g, 15 g, 10 g, 10 g, 3 g, 12 g, 12 g, 10 g, 12 g, 10 g, 30 g, 6 g, 6 g, 20 g, 1, 96
) 1.,,,, 15 g, 30 g, 15 g, 15 g, 15 g, 10 g, 12 g, 12 g, 10 g, 12 g, 1, 2.,, 15 g, 12 g, 15 g, 10 g, 10 g, 12 g, 15 g, 15 g, 10 g, 12 g, 12 g, 1,,, 15 g, 30 g, 10 g, 10 g, 12 g, 12 g, 12 g, 10 g, 10 g, 15 g, 10 g, 5 g, 1,,, 15 g, 20 g, 12 g, 15 g, 15 g, 12 g, 12 g, 12 g, 10 g, 10 g, 10 g, 12 g, 10 g, 1, ( ) 1., 97
,, 2.,,,,, 3.,, ;,,,,,, ( ) 1.,, 2.,,,,,,,,, 3., 4. 30 g, 12 g, 20 g, 20 g, 15 g, 10 g, 10 g, 12 g, 12 g, 15 g, 12 g, 20 g, 15 g, 15 g, 10 g, 30 g, 15 g,, 1 5. 98
12 g, 15 g; 12 g, 15 g; 10 g, 6 g; 12 g, 10 g ( ) 1.,, 2.,,,,,,,, 3., 4. 12 g, 12 g, 24 g, 12 g, 10 g, 10 g, 10 g, 12 g, 15 g, 15 g, 10 g, 10 g, 30 g, 15 g, 15 g, 10 g, 20 g,, 1 5., 30 g, 15 g; 25 g, 25 g, 15 g ( ) 1.,, 2.,,, ;,,,, 3., 4. 15 g, 30 g, 20 g, 99
g, 10 g, 30 g, 10 g, 15 g, 30 g, 15 g, 10 g, 10 g, 20 g,, 1 5., 30 g, 15 g, 20 g; 10 g, 12 g, 15 g ( ) 1.,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,, 3., 4. 30 g, 20 g, 15 g, 12 g, 15 g, 10 g, 20 g, 12 g, 15 g, 30 g, 15 g, 15 g, 15 g, 15 g, 15 g, 30 g, 30 g, 15 g, 15 g,, 5., 12 g, 12 g, 10 g; 15 g, 10 g, 10 g ( ) 1., 100
2. 250 g,,, 15 g 3. 150 g, 3 5 2,, 4., 2, 15 g 5. 25 g, 1 6. 25 g, 1 7. 50 g, 1 8. 100 g, 1 ( ) 1. 15 g, 12 g, 12 g, 12 g, 15 g, 10 g, 10 g, 12 g, 6 g, 1, 2. 12 g, 12 g, 10 g, 10 g, 10 g, 15 g, 10 g, 10 g, 12 g, 10 g, 10 g, 30 g, 6 g, 1, 3. 20 g, 30 g, 20 g, 10 g, 15 g, 10 g, 10 g, 12 g, 15 g, 10 g, 10 g, 1, 4. 10 g, 10 g, 10 g, 12 g, 12 g, 10 g, 15 g, 15 g, 15 g, 20 g, 15 g, 15 g, 12 g, 6 g, 101
, 5. 20 g, 15 g, 12 g, 10 g, 10 g, 15 g, 12 g, 15 g, 12 g, 12 g, 1, 6. 30 g, 30 g, 10 g, 10 g, 10 g, 12 g, 10 g, 15 g, 10 g, 12 g, 1, 7. 12 g, 12 g, 30 g, 20 g, 10 g, 12 g, 10 g, 15 g, 6 g, 1, 8. 15 g, 12 g, 10 g, 12 g, 10 g, 12 g, 15 g, 12 g, 30 g, 30 g, 6 g, 1, 9. : 12 g, 30 g, 10 g, 10 g, 15 g, 15 g, 30 g, 12 g, 6 g, 1 :,, 10. 10 g, 10 g, 12 g, 20 g, 15 g, 30 g, 10 g, 12 g, 12 g, 15 g, 1, 102
, 11. : 10 g, 12 g, 30 g, 12 g, 20 g, 12 g, 20 g, 12 g, 15 g, 1 :, 12. : 15 g, 15 g, 15 g, 12 g, 12 g, 15 g, 12 g, 10 g, 6 g, 1 : ( ),, ( ) 1.,,,,,,, 2.,,, 3. 103
, ( ),, ( ),,,,,, 5 7, 3 5, 1, 10 ; 1 2, 1 2,,,,,,, 1, 20 30, 10, 2,,,,, 104
?,,,,,,,,,,,? 1.,,, 2.,,, 105
,,,, 4., 5.,,? 1.,, 2.,,, 3.,,, 4.,,,,?,, ;,,,,,, 106
,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,, 107
,?,,,,,,,,,,,,?,, ;,,,, ph 6.0,,,,?, 108
,,,,?,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,, 109
,,?,, 1., 2.,, 3.,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,? 110
,,?,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 2., 5 6 3., 4.,, 5., 6.?, 111
,, ; 20% 30%, 2.,,,, 3., ; 4.,, ( 55 ),,,,, 112
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 2.,,, 3. 113
1 ;, 4.,, 2 000 3 000ml, 2 000ml, 1.,,,, 2.,,,,, 3.,,,,, 4.,,,, 5., ;,,, 6.,, 114
2 3,,, 7.,,, 1., 2.,,,, 3.,, ;,, 4.,,,,,,,, 115
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; 116
,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 1.,, 2., 3.,, 4.,, 5., 117
) 1. 2. 3. 4., 5., 6. ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1.,,,,,,, 100 g 75 mg, 118
2.,,, 1 g,, 100 g 75 mg,,, 3.,,,,, 9.39 mg,, 100 g 75 mg, 4.,,,,,,,, 5.,,, B,,, 6.,,,,, 7.,, 119
, 8.,,,,, 9.,, A B C,,, 10.,,,, 11.,, A,, 12.,,,, 13.,, C,,,,, 14.,, C,,, 120
,,, A B C,,,, 16.,, A B C,,, 17.,,,,, ;,, < 25 mg) ( ) 1. ( 100 g (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 121
( 100 g < 75 mg) 3. ( 100 g 75 150 mg) 4. ( 100 g > 150 mg) (825 mg) (363 mg) ( 295 mg) ( 233 mg ) ( 200 mg ) ( 195 mg ) ( 160 400 mg) (190 mg) ( ) 1. 200 g 100 g 50 g 55 g 250 g 40 g 120 g 120 g 120 g 200 g 150 g 150 g 20 g 4 g 2. 7.89 MJ(1 909 kcal), P S 1.27 321.1 g ( 67.2% ), 63.8 g (13.3%, 29.7 g 46.5% ), 40.9 g( 19.3% ), 374.5 mg, 9.43 g, 1 281.7 mg, 64.4 mg, A357.5 g, C 1 59.7 mg, B 1 1.25 mg, B 2 1.13 mg 122
) 1. 250 g 150 g 400 g 25 g 2 1 500 g 100 g B 1 C : : : 2. : 250 g 50 g 50 g : ( 150 g 1 2 ), 250 g, 50 g, 50 g, 1 : ( 250 g 1 ), 1 (100 150 g),,, 1. 1, 100 150 g 2. 3. 4. 5.,,,, 540 mol L( 9 mg dl),,, 123
), 100 150 g,,,,,,, ( ),,, 10% 15%, 6.28 7.53 MJ( 1 500 1 800 kcal) ( ), 0.8 1.0 g kg, 40 65 g, 0.8 g kg,, 50 g, ( ) B,, 1 000 g,,, 124
( ),, ; 2 000 ml, 3 000 ml,, ( ),, 1.,, 100 g 75 mg, 2.,,,, 3.,, 125
,, 1.,, 2.,, 3.,,, 4.,,,, ( ) 1., 1 2 2., 3.,,, ; ( ) 1. 126
,, 2.,,, ( ), : 1.,, 2.,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,, 127
, ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,,, ;,, 30, 2 000 3 000,,,, 20 1, 1 2, 90, 4 000 5 000, ; 80 90, 128
4 000 ; 60 70, 2 000 3 000, ( ),,,,,,, ;, 30, 5 000, 120 130 / ; + 170,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 129
;,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 1 2, 1 ;, ;,,,?, ; ; 130
,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,, ( ),,,,,,,?,,,,,,, 131
,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,, 1 2 (150 300 g),,,,,,,,,, 132
,,,,,?,,,,,,,, ;,,,?,,,,,,,,,?,, 133
1.,,,, 2.,,, 3.,,, 45 4.,,,, 5., 45, 30,,,,,,,,,?, 134
,,, ;,?,,, ;,,,,,,, 3 5 g,,, ; 1 3 4,?,, : 1., 2.,, 3.,,, 135
,, 5.,,? : 1.,,, 2.,,, 3.,, 4.,, 50,,,,,? ; 136
,, 137