2. (1) Preimplantation stages Implantation Placentas Chorioallantoic placenta The yolk sac placenta Postimplantation stages The organogenetic period The maturation period
(2) 1) 2) :, 3) 24
( ) (1)
8 12
(2) 200 250g 20 25g 1:1 2:1 0 10 20 8 12
7 15 2 3
7-3 16 4 14 20 5 15 21 6 15 31 6 18 63 5 12 63 8 28 68 11 20
( ) : A(l5000IU/kg (250mg/kg)
(4) 1 2d 19 20d 18 19d (5)
7-3 ---- ---- ----
( lmm 2mm) (Bouin) 2
: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 100 100 + 100 100 100 100
-
5 ( Guinea Pigs) SPF
1530
1495 Paintings such as the last supper have included the guinea pig as main course meal
guinea ---- Guinea, Guiana sows,
16, 1780 VitC 1770 s
: Rodentia : Caviidae (1) (2) : Cavia : Porcellus,
.
A. a. (3.8 cm) b. Solid colors: c.
Hartley, Dunkin-Hartley,
Lab stocks-outbred NIH, ; Lab strains-inbred 2 13. : a. 4 (C4D/N): in 1970 NIH b. Waltzer (Wz) c.
B. a. b.
C. 15 cm (6 in)
. 1. 2N=64 one pair of sex chromosomes 31 pairs of autosomes. 2. Popular as pets Seldom bite or scratch Easily alarmed, injuries of young, abortion when startled,
3.
4. 5. Preyer reflex: 6., 7. 8.
. 1. : Forefeet have 4 digits each, Rear feet have 3 digits each. Upper surface of right manus Upper surface of right pes
2. tympanic bullae 3cm 4cm 2cm 2cm
58 75
3. Thymus
4. 5.,.,. MICE
6. Adrenal glands In this image, in which the animal's head is to the left, the kidney is obscured by renal fat, but the left adrenal gland is indicated by an arrow.
7. 1 cm 125 cm 15-20 cm 65% 15%
6 lobes 7 cm 4 8.
9. 1 Dental formulas, one permanent set of teeth., 2(I 1/1 C 0/0 PM 1/1 M 3/3) = 20 MICE
: : : 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3, 32 4,30
2 : C7 T13-14 L6 S2-3 Cy4-6 7, 13-14, 6, 2-3 4-6.
10. (1) (2) (3) a. (R) is characteristic of the Abyssinian breed b. (l)
.
11. U
Penile styles The os penis, or baculum, is found within the dorsal surface of the entire length of the glans. The intromittent sac, unique to hystricomorph rodents, is in the ventral aspect of the glans. When the penis is erect, the intromittent sac everts, revealing two keratinaceous, horn-like styles attached to its caudal end.
,,,,
. 1. White Blood Cells (1) Neutrophils 38% (2) Lymphocytes 55% (3) Monocytes 3% (4) Others 4% : 100 mm Hg.
2. 1 Kurloff cells 2 3
3. vitamin C, 4.
5. 6. 24-48 50g 7.
. 1. (1) Males a. 8-10 b. 3-5 months (450-600 gm) c. 27-30 months (2). Females: a. 4-5 weeks of age b. 2.5-3 months 350-400 gm.
2. without significant seasonal variations. Estrous cycle 15-17d Has distinct signs of estrus (vaginal membrane opening) lasts 9-11 hours Postpartum estrus: Occurs with a 12-15 hours : 59-72 days; mean = 63 days
3. (1). : (2). 1 4-6 4. : 3-4 : 2-3 21 180 g
5. 6. 59-72 d, 68 d 7. 60-100 g 50 g 5 8.3% 21 165-240 g
.
. 1. (arginine, methionine, and tryptophan) 18-20% 2. : 13.5%
3. C a. Vc Vc Vc b.
c. : (1) (2) (3) (4)
d. : (1) (2) (3) (4)
e. : (1) : 0.5 mg/100 g (2) ( 300 g BW): 6 mg (3) : 20 mg f.
5. : (1) (2) (3) : (a) ; (b)
6. (1). 3-5 days (2). : a. a. b. c. a. b. c. d.
(3). : a. : 60 mg 5-7 d b. : 10-30 mg/kg BID IM c. : 4 ml 12.5% /500 ml 1-2 d. : 10 mg/day
Table 8.1 Biologic and reproductive data for guinea pigs Adult body weight: Male Female Life span Body temperature Heart rate Respiratory rate Food consumption Water consumption Breeding onset: Male Female Estrous cycle length Gestation period Postpartum estrus Litter size Weaning age Breeding duration Chromosome number(diploid) 900-1200 g 700-900 g 4-5 y 37.2-39.5 230-380 beats per minute 42-104 breaths per minute 6 g/100 g/d 10 ml/100 g/d 3-4 m (600-700g) 2-3 m (350-450g) 15-17 d 59-72 d Fertile 2-5 14-21d 18-48m 64
. A. 23 Vitamin C
1905,,4 6 1905
:,,
B. ß
C. > > > > >
D. 1 1740s,,, C. 1907 Vitamin C vitamin C.
2 AA,,, 3 LDL
E. In 2003,
10 5 70 mg kg 30 mg kg
1-1.2 mm ( 0.8 mm)
1-1.2 mm ( 0.8 mm)
4 mm
spiral organ Corti
F. Safety testing 1999, 18,000 200 2004.
G. 1882,. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H. 2-3, 350~400 g
. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1895
6. Germ-Free vs. Conventional (1) a. Conventional animals' cecum is 15% of body weight, 30% in germ-free. b. Same weights as conventional when corrected for increased cecal size. c. d. 5%.
2. WBC: WBC : 1900 5-12,000 3. : a. 8-10 20-50% b. 4. a. b. c.
5. 6. a. b. c. d. 7.
. A.
B.
C..
;
D.
.
IV,
IV, dorsal penile vein Intravenous access is also possible into the dorsal penile vein; however this is a painful procedure and premedication is necessary.
F.,,
(0.05 mg/kg SC at 8 hour intervals), (10 mg/kg SC or IM every 4 hours) (20 mg/kg, IM or SC, every twothree hours).
(50-100 mg/kg IM) (5 mg/kg IM or IP) (0.05 mg/kg SC).
. (25-40 mg/kg) (5-12 mg/kg) IM or IP (25-35 mg/kg, IP) -
10-15 ml 30
G.
G. Euthanasia (1 50 mg/kg).
2 a b mg kg -1 ( R ab ) b b b b b b b b b b b /kg 0.02 0.08 0.15 0.4 1.8 2.5 3.0 10.0 12.0 20.0 60.0 /m 2 0.006 6 0.016 0.025 0.05 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.5 0.6 0.74 1.62 a 1.00 0.600 0.500 0.375 0.250 0.240 0.250 0.150 0.150 0.111 0.081 a 1.67 1.00 0.833 0.625 0.417 0.400 0.417 0.250 0.250 0.185 0.135 a 2.00 1.20 1.00 0.750 0.50 0.480 0.500 0.300 0.300 0.222 0.162 a 2.67 1.60 1.33 1.00 0.667 0.640 0.667 0.400 0.400 0.296 0.216 a 4.00 2.40 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.960 1.00 0.600 0.600 0.444 0.324 a 4.17 2.50 2.08 1.56 1.04 1.00 1.04 0.625 0.625 0.463 0.338 a 4.00 2.40 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.960 1.00 0.600 0.600 0.444 0.324 a 6.67 4.00 3.33 2.50 1.67 1.60 1.67 1.00 1.00 0.741 0.541 a 6.67 4.00 3.33 2.50 1.67 1.60 1.67 1.00 1.00 0.741 0.541 a 9.00 5.40 4.50 3.38 2.25 2.16 2.25 1.35 1.35 1.00 0.730 a 12.33 7.40 6.17 4.63 3.08 2.96 3.08 1.85 1.85 1.37 1.00
1 150g 5mg.kg -1? 2 a b R ab =0.162 =D b.r ab =5 0.162=0.81mg.kg -1
2 a b mg kg -1 ( R ab ) b b b b b /kg 0.02 0.08 0.15 20.0 60.0 a 1.00 0.600 0.500 0.111 0.081 a 1.67 1.00 0.833 0.185 0.135 a 2.00 1.20 1.00 0.222 0.162
2 20g 4mg.kg -1 10kg? 2 a b R ab =0.150 =D b.r ab =4 0.150 =0.600mg.kg -1
2 a b mg kg -1 ( R ab ) /kg b b b b b 0.02 0.08 0.15 0.4 10.0 /m 2 0.006 6 0.016 0.025 0.05 0.5 a 1.00 0.600 0.500 0.375 0.150
3 10kg 0.68mg.kg -1 22g 38g? 1 2 a b R ab =6.67 20g =D b.r ab =0.68 6.67 =4.536mg.kg -1 ;
2 a b mg kg -1 ( R ab ) b b b /kg 0.02 0.08 0.15 a 4.17 2.50 2.08 a 4.00 2.40 2.00 a 6.67 4.00 3.33
3 10kg 0.68mg.kg -1 22g 38g? S a =(W a /W ) 1/3, S b =(W /W a ) 1/3, a b /mg.kg -1 D a D b /mg.kg -1 D a D b R ab S a S b D b =D a.r ab D b =D a.r ab.s b D b =D a.s a.r ab.s b
3 Sa,Sb B=W/W S a =B 1/3 S b =1/B 1/3 0.3 0.669 1.494 0.4 0.737 1.357 0.5 0.794 1.26 0.6 0.843 1.186 0.7 0.888 1.126 0.8 0.928 1.077 0.9 0.965 1.036 1.0 1.000 1.000 1.1 1.032 0.969 1.2 1.063 0.941 1.3 1.091 0.916 1.4 1.119 0.894 1.5 1.145 0.874 1.6 1.170 0.855 1.7 1.193 0.838 1.8 1.216 0.822 1.9 1.239 0.807 2.0 1.260 0.794 2.2 1.301 0.769 2.4 1.339 0.747 2.6 1.375 0.727 2.8 1.409 0.709 3.0 1.442 0.693 3.2 1.474 0.679
3 10kg 0.68mg.kg -1 22g 38g? (2) 22g 20%, 4.536mg.kg -1 Db =Da.Rab.Sb W =20g W b =22g, B=22/20=1.1 3 S b =0.969 =D b.r ab.s b =0.68 6.67 0.969=4.395 mg.kg -1 3%
3 Sa,Sb B=W/W S a =B 1/3 S b =1/B 1/3 0.3 0.669 1.494 0.4 0.737 1.357 0.5 0.794 1.26 0.6 0.843 1.186 0.7 0.888 1.126 0.8 0.928 1.077 0.9 0.965 1.036 1.0 1.000 1.000 1.1 1.032 0.969 1.9 1.239 0.807
3 10kg 0.68mg.kg -1 22g 38g? (3)38g B=38/20=1.9 3 S b =0.807 =D b.r ab.s b =0.68 6.67 0.80 7=3.660mg.kg -1 31~46g
b b b b /kg 1.8 2.5 10.0 60.0 a 1.00 0.960 0.600 0.324 a 1.04 1.00 0.625 0.338 a 1.67 1.60 1.00 0.541 a 3.08 2.96 1.85 1.00 D b =D a.r ab 20% mg.kg -1 1~2 3 0.13g Da=(130mg 3-6)/60=390-780/60=6.5-13mg/kg;Rab=1.85 D b =D a.r ab =6.5~13mg/kg 1.85=12.025~24.05 mg/kg 120.25~240.5mg 0.12~0.24g/ ; 1/3~2/3 3