4
13 NUREG-1437 1,600 8,0003,200 17020031 2772 302004 199819911993 12.2100 73612 5 31403 2002 319911 1,100 19841 119 36 1989 7,6001,200300 103189 443 Paul Scherrer Institut 196919961,943
8.33 7921 19~20% 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 4.1 158.3 9,770 1964 5004,500 37 Audubon Society U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 14
364,6801 1,520 26 4.1 93 1 2 3 4.24.2Paul Scherrer Institue Twa(8,7600 52.5% ) 420 4.2 ERSAD 1. Twa 87,60050 15
1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 1.E-05 1 10 100 1000 10000 4.2 1986 16,000220,000 16,000220,000 1 OECD-NEA 10~2019 1,800 90% 1/100 4.3 16
4.3 European Commission 4 4.4 GaBE (1998) WEC (2001) ExternE (2001) EC (2003) 1=441=35 135 11/1,000 2Guarapa 3.516 34 1%1/135 17
18 2000British Ener gy48,000 4.5Bernard Cohen?? 4.5
19 8407,200 10 921957 300-137300 -603004.310-18 4.6 85T c -99 601 20 host rock ucca Mt. 4.6 1.0E-00 1.0E-08 1.0E-07 1.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.0E-04 1.0E-03 1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E-10 1.0E-09 1,000 10,000 100,000 10,000,000 1,000,000 4.3
2 20025Olkiluoto 7 ucca Mt. 2015 20 2/3 1 U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (1996), License Renewal Generic Environmental Impact Statement, NUREG-1437. 2 Paul Scherrer Institut (1998), Energy-related Severe Accidents Database, ERSAD. 3 (2003),,pp22 4 1TNT(TNT equivalent) = 4.1810 9 J69 5 6.910 5 6 / 4.186 J/ 12 J6,200 = 2.6 10 TNT 20,000TNT0.3 5 D. W. Moeller (1992), Environment Health, Havard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp 253-281 6 Ministry of Russian Federation on Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of NaturalDisasters (1996), " Chernobyl Accident : Ten years on, " Russia National Report, Moscow. 7 Organization of Economic Cooperation & Development (1995), " Chernobyl Ten Years on Radiological and Health Impact, " OECD-Nuclear Energy Agency. 8 European Commission / International Atomic Energy Agency / World Health Organization (1996), On Decade After Chernobyl International Conference: Summing Up the Consequences of the Accident, Summary of the Conference Results, Vienna 20
9 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, UNSCEAR 2000 Report to the General Assembly, Vienna. 10 National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry (1998), Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry Special Issue, 1998. 11 National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry (1999), Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry Special Issue2 - Thyroid Cancers in Belarus and Russia. 12 (2004),, 2004/06 13 (2002), 14 Paul Scherrer Institut(1998), GaBE Project: Ganzheitliche Betrachtung von Energiesystemen (ComprehensiveAssessment of Energy Systems), http://gabe.web.psi.ch 15 World Energy Council (2001), A Better Understanding of Greenhouse Gas Emissions For Different Energy Vectors and Applications. 16 European Commission (2001), ExternE Project - Externalities of Energy. 17 European Commission (2003), External Costs - Research results on socio-environmental damages due to electricity and transport 18 19 W est ValleyMaxey FlatsShef field1978 20 8980 10030%70% 2/3 21 9193,00084% 21