: 2000 2006,,, [ 1 ],, [ 2 ],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 3 ],,,,,,,,,,, ( duality of structure),,,,,,,, [ 4 ] ( P89-93),,,,,,,,,,, - - -,,,,,, 2000 2006 (

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: 2000 2006 10%, 18121%, 3712%, 1213%, 4016% 35158%, 34146% [ 6 ] 2005 114, 2000 2003 66, 6, 5 [ 7 ] 2005 6 7 270, 73133% ; 61148%, [ 8 ] 2007, 115, 2004 2006, 89158% 93175% 97192%, 10148 15106 15131, 20158 22127 30118 [ 9 ] ( 2), 2: 2001 2001 12 2001 1998 2001, 400 502, 1567 [ 10 ] 2001, 20, 120 100 [ 11 ] 2001 1 7, 1110, 568, 398, 32, 179, 132 [ 12 ] 2003 2003, 10 4062, 2619, 6415% ( ) 1413%, 5012% [ 13 ] 2004 2002 2004 2 25, 23, 7 2003, 6,, 6, [ 14 ] 2004 2002 9 1 2004 8 31, 69, 2002, 110 [ 15 ],,,,,,,,,, 85

2004 11 2004 2005 2006 6 2004,,,, 1 /10, 90% 2003 300, 95% 1999 1 2001 7, 568, 398, 32 179, 2 10 [ 12 ], 2005 60 94, 55,,, [ 16 ] 182 ( 90% ),,,, [ 17 ] ( ) 2006 9, : 11 2006 200, 33,, 5, 31 41 [ 18 ],,, ( 58: ),, ( 8: ),,,,,, ( 25:, 35: ) 21, 100, 95% ;,,,, ( 13: ), ( 6: ), ( 21: ), 31, ( ), ( ),, 10, :, 2004 11 10 86

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: 2000 2006 1 100,,,,,,, ( 7:, 45:, 63: ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,?,,,, [ 4 ] ( P43),,, ;,,,,,,,,, 89

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: 2000 2006 21 :,,, 3 /4, [ 25 ],,,,,,,, 1%, 100%, 100%,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 23 ],,,, [ 25 ], [ 14 ] ( ),,,,, [ 26 ] 11, 2003, 200 ; [ 27 ] 2004 30, 98% [ 28 ],,,, 21,,,,,, 14, 4,,, 1999 5 2002 9 1, 30, 2005 8 78 2000 13, 2005 124, 2006 3 20 51 [ 29 ],, 2004, 1 /10, 2003 300, [ 30 ] 2004 30, 90% [ 28 ] 2006,, 385 38, 917%,, 391 224, 22, [ 31 ] ( P41-43), ( ), [ ] :,, 2002, 43-45 91

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2916% ; 13% 11%, ; 4819%, 7914%,, [ 36 ],,, (5),,,,,,,, 21,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 23 ],,,,,,,,,,,,, 31 :,,,, ( 7),,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2005 7 28,, 20, http: / /news. 163. com / special/m /0001139T/medicarereform050729. htm l, 2007 9 1 96

: 2000 2006,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, [ 4 ] ( P40),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 37 ],,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, N. Luhmann, Trust and Pow er, John W iley & Sons, 1979. 97

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 38 ], ( P9-40),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) :,, ;,, ;,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, : 11 : (1), ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) 21 : (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) ( ) 11 : ;, ;, ;, ; ;,, ; 98

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,, ( 2),, ;,,,,,,,,,, : [ 1 ]. [D ]., 2004. [ 2 ]. : [D ]., 2005. [ 3 ]. [M ]. :, 2005. [ 4 ] [ ]. : [M ].,. :, 1998. [ 5 ]? [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. 39. net/hotspecial/yljf/, 2007-02 - 01. [ 6 ]., 326 [N ]., 2002-02 - 21. [ 7 ]. [ J ]., 2005, (4). [ 8 ]. [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. cmacjs. com /gmbbs/p rintpage. asp? Board ID = 6&ID = 385, 2007-02 - 01. [ 9 ]. : [N ]., 2007-01 - 10. [ 10 ]., [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. rmblog. com /us2 er2 /13623 /archives/2006 /134372. htm l, 2007-02 - 01. [ 11 ],.? 2001 [ EB /OL ]. http: / /unn. com. cn /GB /channel2200 / 2202 /200112 /30 /144508. htm l, 2007-02 - 01. [ 12 ],. [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. chcb. com. cn /2005 /3-28 /151713. ht2 m l, 2007-02 - 01. [ 13 ]. [ J ]., 2005, (3). [ 14 ],., 6 [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. sc. xinhuanet. com / content/2004-02 /25 /content_1676067. htm, 2007-02 - 01. [ 15 ],. [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. 39. net/hotspecial/yhgxzt/ jjq /83065. htm l, 2007-02 - 01. [ 16 ]., [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. ngdzy. org. cn /con2 tent. asp? news_id = 1494, 2007-02 - 01. [ 17 ] [ EB /OL ]. http: / /bbs. cnhubei. com /dispbbs. asp? boardid = 180&id = 529822, 2007-02 - 01. [ 18 ],. [ J ]., 2006-09 - 09. [ 19 ] [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. qingdaonews. com /gb /content/2003-05 / 11 /content_1376985. htm, 2007-02 - 01. [ 20 ]. [A ].. : 2 [ C ]. :, 2007. [ 21 ],. [N ]., 2006-06 - 20. [ 22 ]. [ EB /OL ]. http: / /business. sohu. com /2004 /04 /17 /56 /article219865610. shtm l, 100 2007-02 - 01.

: 2000 2006 [ 23 ]., [ J ]., 2006-02 - 20. [ 24 ],. [N ]., 2005-08 - 25. [ 25 ] [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. yongyao. net/zhuanti/yhgx/zx09. htm l, 2007-02 - 01. [ 26 ] :, [N ]., 2005-06 - 03. [ 27 ]. [N ]., 2004-11 - 10. [ 28 ],. [N ]., 2005-10 - 13. [ 29 ]., [N ]., 2006-04 - 06. [ 30 ]. [ J ]., 2006, (3). [ 31 ]. [M ]. :, 2006. [ 32 ],. 200, 129 [ EB /OL ]. http: / /news. sohu. com / 20060910 /n245256467. shtm l, 2007-02 - 01. [ 33 ], [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. singtaonet. com /china / t20060523_226696. htm l, 2007-02 - 01. [ 34 ]. [ EB /OL ]. http: / /news. sina. com. cn /o /2005-08 - 09 /00066641793 s. shtm l, 2007-02 - 01. [ 35 ] : [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. yongyao. net/zhuanti/yhgx/ yl07. htm l, 2007-02 - 01. [ 36 ]., [ EB /OL ]. http: / /news. sohu. com /20050323 /n224815067. shtm l, 2007-02 - 01. [ 37 ] Francis Fukuyama. Trust: the Social V irtues and the Creation of Prosperity [M ]. New York: The Free Press, 1995. [ 38 ]. [M ]. :, 2003. [ 39 ] [N ]., 2006-11 - 23. [ 40 ]. : [N ]., 2006-03 - 13. [ : ] V iolence and M istrust : Research on V iolence in M ed ica l Trea tm en t in Tran sform ing Ch ina( 2000 2006) XU X in, L U Rong - rong ( Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, 400031) Abstract:V iolence in m edical treatment takes p lace frequently in transform ing China. Of all kinds of rea2 sons, the most important are the m istrust between the patients and the hosp itals, and that the patients distrust the dispute settlement system. B ased on a great deal of emp irical m aterials, the article generalizes the charac2 ters and types of violence in medical treatment, and analyses the relationship between m istrust and violence in medical treatment w ith the duality of structure theory developed by Anthony Giddens. Moreover, the authors put forward some policy suggestions2to p romote a kind of p rocess2oriented trust based on p rocedural justice in order to restrain violence. According to the research, the generalization of p rotecting rights by violence has be2 come a significant character of dispute settlem ent in transform ing China. A s a farther research, the authors ex2 p ress they will develop a jurisp rudence of p rotecting rights by violence. Key words:v iolence in medical treatment; p rotecting rights by violence; dispute settlem ent; m istrust 101