10 % SUV 10 % 4 % 11 % 3 % 2 % 16 % 6 % 15 % 32 % 11 % 9 % 29 % 32 %
ClimateWorks (IEA): François Cuenot John Decicco Energy Solutions: Ed Pike Anup Bandivadekar Gaurav Bansal Anil Baral Freda Fung John German Drew Kodjak Peter Mock International Council on Clean Transportation 1225 I Street NW, Suite 900 Washington DC 20005 www.theicct.org 2012 International Council on Clean Transportation
3
1 (L) 1.6 1.4 3.1 2.6 1.7 (kg) 1,322 1,172 1,815 1,611 1,280 (m 2 ) 3.90 3.75 4.51 4.22 3.79 (kw) 84 77 174 C 156 C 86 (km/h) 185 178 223 218 170 (W/kg) 62 63 96 97 65 (kw/l) 51 52 57 60 51 (L/100km) 5 7.4 8.1 9.8 8.6 10.4 (L/100km) 5 4.9 5.1 6.4 5.6 6.3 (L/100km) 5 5.8 6.2 8.3 7.3 7.8 NEDC (L/100km) 5.8 6.2 9.4 8.1 7.8 6 143 145 195 171 183 CNG/LPG/ 3% - - - 0% 51% - 1% 1% 1% 44% 100% 96% 94% 99% 1% - 4% 5% <1% 9% 14% 84% 80% 34% 2% 1% 11% 14% 5% 3% - 1% 4 2% 4 1% 86% 83% 4% 5% 60% 4 1% 2% 25% 29% 12% 5 59% 51% 24% 21% 66% 6 38% 17% 41% 36% 17% - - 0% 0% <1% - - 1% 1% <1% 14% 32% 8% 8% 6% - - 77% 80% 82% - - 0% 0% 11% - - 14% 11% 0% 41% 80% - - 93% 59% 16% 4% 4% 7% - - 84% 91% 44% 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
1 10
1 11
1 12
1 13
100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 99% 97% 99% 34% 84% 32% 94% 99% 93% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 97% 100% 100% 97% 100% 100% 98% 100% 100% 100% 100%
"#$%"#&' "#(' "#)%"#(' *++, "#$ %&$ #''$ *+ -, "()$ "(&$ "(*$ *.., %&%+$ %&*&$ %&'"$ *, &,*-$ ++,+''$ %#,"--$ "# $%"# &'"# $("# )"# $("# $"# *+,# $$%*&# $*$,,# '+,**# %$($# '+'+%# %)($# (-+# $# $-&# $-)# $-# $-&# (-,# $-%# '# '# &-%# )-&# )-*# $-# "#" "#$ "#% & &#$ &#" "#" )(# +*(# $(,(# $$+(# $%'(# $$((# +,%# $(*# $%(# $)+(# $*&(# $,&(# '%# $&'%# '"( ")() "&*( "$%$ "%($ "*%+ ''( '-# &-$# &-%# )# )-&# &-'# '-$# &-%# )-$# )-'# )-%# %# )-*# )#,#",#%,#' $#& $#% $#),#) '*# %(# %# +%# $(+# # '+# *&# $(%# $)*# '(# '',# '(# *+# *) +" ($ ""& "$" "") $* $$(# $%(# $(# $*(# $,*# $$'#,+# $*(# '((# '&(# '&%# '%$# ''(# $)%# "$& "%' "(" "'( &"( "+" "") "-# "## &# &*# )*# "&# "%# +'# +&# %'%# %#-# %#&# %%-# )-# && )) )- -- +" -' & %-$# %-$# # # -+# # )-,# *-,# +-&#,-)# $(-*# $$-+# $)-*# +-+# %#$ %#+ +#$ (#* ' ' +#%
"#$ %&' (&) ) )&* +&* (&, (&+ %&* %&- %&( (&* %&* )&( %&%+,. )(. (-. *'. *). )/. (%. -. +. (. (%. -. (,. (.,0/'1 ()0%+, ((0-/* (-0,'( (/0(11 ))0*+( )'01// *,0)'% -(0%,( -*0(,) )'0)'- )'0(1/ -0+%( (/0'-% (&( (&( (&+ (&* (&, (&- )&% )&% )&+ )&/ )&( (&1 (&( (&- 1(' 1%+ (%'% ((%- ()-' (*() (+,+ (-(+ (,'+ (/%' (-,/ (+-% 11' (+%) *,*( *+'1 +(), *1-' +-%) +*(1 +/1, +,'1 +1-- +'-' ++'( +*)+ */*/ +)'- (-/+ (,(/ (,'( (/%% (/+' (/'- ('%( ('(/ ('+- ('+- ('%+ (/1/ (-*' (/1( (-%* (-%) (+') (+1, (+,, (-)% (+/) (+-+ (+'+ (+,+ (/(* (,-' (''' ('(% *&( *&* *&, *&, *&1 +&% +&) +&* +&, +&- +&% *&' *&% *&1 -% -( /(,* '+ '/ (() ()' (+( (// ((% ((( +-,' 1( 2 ()' 2 (-+ 2 (11 2 )-* 2 )%' 2 '- 2 (+) (-' (,1 (-' ('( (1% (1' )(1 )(' )*' (/( ('* ((% (,( -- -/,, -/,/,, // '* '* (%* /% /+ +- ()- +/ +, -( +' -) -, -,,* -1,1 -* -1 +( +, '&(,&* '&/ /&, (% '&/ ((&, (%&+ (*&( ()&% ((&1 ()&/ 1&+ 1&' -&+ +&* -&+ +&' -&1 -&+,&/,&%,&/,&, /&+,&/,&+,&*,&+ -&%,&/ -&' /&+,&, '&- /&, 1&% '&, 1&% '&1 /&, /&, (-% ((' (-/ (*, (/* (-, (11 (/' )(( )%% )(( )%1 (/' (/' (%%. '/. (%%. -1. (%%. */. 11. )(. 11. (/. 1+. )). (%%. ('. %. /. %. *-. %. -1. %. /'. (. '(.,. /,. %. //. %.,. %.,. %. ). %. (. %. %. %. (. %. -.
%. %. %. %. %. ). (. %. %. 3(. %. (. %. %. '*. ',. /+. '1. -,. '*. **.,(. ((. )-. -%. /(. (%%. 1,. (/. 2 )+. 2 *1. 2 -*. 2 /,. 2 +%. 2 %. 2 %. (. 3(. %. +. +. (*. -. (*. +. /. (. %. %. %. 2 %. 2 (. 2 (. 2 %. 2 ). 2 %. 2 (/. (). ),. '. ++. (*.,/. *+. '1. /*. -%. )). %. +. (-. ). 1. *. (1. (. (+. %. %. 3(. (*. (. *. %. '-.,%. '1.,+. -,. +*. -(. (1. %. )'. -'. )). 1/. +%. %. 3(. *. (%. )(. )1. )). -%. '/. -(. )). (*. %. %. %. 3(. *. 1. (1. )/. )(. +'. /,. )/. (1. (). %. %. %. %. %. (. (. ). (. *. ). (*. ). ). %. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. 1. ((. %. %. %. %.,-. 1%. /'. 1/. (%%. '-. (,. *-. (%. )). *. %. (-. '+. "#$ +/. *1. '. (*. %. %. %. 3(. %. %. %. %. %. %. -*. -1. 1). ',. (%%. 11. 1*. '/. +'. +/. 1-. 1(. (%%. (%%. %. %. %. %. %. (. %. 3(. ). (. %. (. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. 3(. /. 1. -%. +). -. +. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. ). 3(. /. 3(. *. %. %. *&- *&, *&1 *&1 +&% +&% +&( +&* -&% -&) +&( +&) +&% ('. %. (+. *. %. (.,1. '). (%%. ',. 1%. (%%. 11. *(. %. %. %. /. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. ).
1,. (%%. 1,. '+.,/. '1. ),. +. %. %. %. %. %. /). %. %. %. %. %. *. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. %. +. (,. **. '. %. (%%. 1/. (%%. ''. 1-.,/. '+. +/. '(. +(. ',. /%. (%%. 1). %. ). %. '. -. )/. (,. -%. (1. -/. (+. )*. %. ). /. (*. -*. '1. 11.,*. %. /. (*. -%. '+. -'. -1. %. %. %. ). +. +(. +. %. %. '. *. (+. (*. (*. %. %. %. %. %. ((. ). %. %. '. *. (+. ). ((. %. %. (. %. %. %. (. %. (%. ). (%. *(. +'. %. %. 1'. 1*. 1'. 1'. (%%. 1(. (%%. -'.,-. ((.,%. +/. %. 1'. ). -. (. %. %. *. %. *%. **. /'. 1. ). (%%. %. "#$
1 1 2 2 13.31 5.89 11.11 7.15 13.76 24,547 20,024 29,100 26341 c 21,008 1.6 1.4 3.1 2.6 1.7 1,322 1,172 1,815 1,611 1,280 3.90 3.75 4.51 4.22 3.79 84 77 174 3 156 3 86 185 178 223 218 170 62 63 96 97 65 51 52 57 60 51 0-100 11.9 12.4 9.6 9.6 11.4 7.4 8.1 9.8 8.6 10.4 4.9 5.1 6.4 5.6 6.3 5.8 6.2 8.3 7.3 7.8 ) 5.8 6.3 9.4 8.1 7.8 143 145 195 171 183 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 51% 0% 1% 1% 1% 44% 100% 96% 94% 99% 1% 0% 4% 5% <1% 9% 14% 84% 80% 34% 2% 1% 11% 14% 5% 3% - 1% 4 2% 4 1% 86% 83% 4% 5% 60% 1% 2% 25% 29% 12% 59% 51% 24% 21% 66% 38% 17% 41% 36% 17% - - 68% 78% 74% - - 22% 18% 26% 7% 13% 0% 4% 4% 88% 83% 50% 91% 90% 1% <1% 1% 0% 0% 4% 2% 35% 5% 6% 0% 1% 14% 0% 0% - - 15% 7% 17% - - 85% 94% 83% - - 0% 0% <1% - - 1% 1% <1%
1 1 2 2 14% 32% 8% 8% 6% - - 77% 80% 82% - - 0% 0% 11% - - 14% 11% 0% 59% 16% 3% 4% 7% - - 84% 91% 44% - - 2% 2% 1% - - 15% 16% 5% 83% 88% 60% 83% 74% 7% 6% 14% 12% 21% 9% 4% 27% 5% 5% 1.1 8.3% 1.09 8.3% 1.06 8.0% 1 7.6% 0.7 5.3% 0.69 5.3% 0.69 5.3% 0.55 4.2% 0.53 4.0% 0.47 3.6% 0.39 3.0% 0.39 2.9% 0.38 2.9% 0.37 2.8% 0.33 2.5% 0.29 2.2% 0.27 2.1%
0.25 1.9% 2.63 20.0% "#$ "#$ "#$ %%#$ &#$ #$ &&#$ "%$ '#$ '#$ %"#$ &#$ &#$ &&#$ "&$ &#$ &#$ ("#$ )#$ %#$ &&#$
1 2 3
16% 6% 6% 15% 10% 4% 10% 32%
"# "# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# *(# $%(# $*(# %%(# %*(# &%(# &*(# '%(# '*(# $ %&&'$ "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# *(# $%(# $*(# %%(# %*(# &%(# &*(# '%(# '*(# $ %&&'$ )(# +# $$(# $'# $)(# $+# %$(# %'# %)(# $ %()'$ %(# (# *(# $# $%(# $(# $*(# %# %%(# $$ %(*'$ %# %,%(# %,(# %,*(# &# &,%(# &,(# &,*(# '# ',%(# ',(# ',*(# (# (,%(# $$ %+, '$ $# $$(# $&# $'(# $)# $*(# $+# %(# %%# %&(# %(# $ %(+-.'$ #,%#,'#,)#,-#,$#,$%#,$'# $ %(*-()'$ "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# (# )# *# -# +# $# $$# $%# $&# $'# $(# $ %/-011(+'$ "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# )(# +# $$(# $'# $)(# $+# %$(# %'# %)(# $ %()'$ %(# (# *(# $# $%(# $(# $*(# %# %%(# $ %(*'$ %# %,%(# %,(# %,*(# &# &,%(# &,(# &,*(# '# ',%(# ',(# ',*(# (# (,%(# $ %+, '$ $# $$(# $&# $'(# $)# $*(# $+# %(# %%# %&(# %(# $ %(+-.'$ #,%#,'#,)#,-#,$#,$%#,$'# $ %(*-()'$ "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )"# *"# (# )# *# -# +# $# $$# $%# $&# $'# $(# $ %/-011(+'$
"# "# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )*# ($*# ()*# $$*# $)*# +$*# $ %&&'$ "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# )*# ($*# ()*# $$*# $)*# +$*# $ %&&'$ &*#,# ((*# (%# (&*# (,# $(*# $ %()'$ $*# *# )*# (# ($*# (*# ()*# $# $$*# $$ %(*'$ $# $-*# +# +-*# %# %-*# *# *-*# $$ %+, '$ (# ((*# (+# (%*# (&# ()*# (,# $*# $$# $+*# $*# $ %(+-.'$ # -$# -%# -&# -'# -(# -($# -(%# $ %(*-()'$ "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# *# &# )# '#,# (# ((# ($# $ %/-011(+'$ "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# &*#,# ((*# (%# (&*# (,# $(*# $ %()'$ $*# *# )*# (# ($*# (*# ()*# $# $$*# $ %(*'$ $# $-*# +# +-*# %# %-*# *# *-*# $ %+, '$ (# ((*# (+# (%*# (&# ()*# (,# $*# $$# $+*# $*# $ %(+-.'$ # -$# -%# -&# -'# -(# -($# -(%# %(*-()'$ $ "# $"# %"# &"# '"# ("# *# &# )# '#,# (# ((# ($# $ %/-011(+'$
"#$ %"&$ '$ '"($ %$ %"($ $ "($ )$ *+,$
"##$ ""# $%""# &'""# (&""# '"""# '""# "# ")"*# ")$# ")$*# ")&# ")&*# ")(# ")(*# "%&$ "' ( $
"#$%"&""
"#$%&'"()" "#$"%&"
"#$%"&'("" "#$%&$"'()*""
"#$%&"'()*"
"#$#"%&'(()*"" "#$%&'()""
"#$%"& ' ""
(#$ -./)$$0123 '#% '#$ &#% &#$ 5&#&./)$$12 5"#(./)$$12 "#% 5)*%"14 "#$ '$$ ($$ )$$$ ))$$ )*$$ )+$$ ),$$ )%$$ -143 "#$#"%&'(()*"" " ".$/"%&'(()*"" "+$,"* -"
<--------------> <-------------------------------------------> <--------------> <------------------------------------------->
$"#,"# +"# *"# )"# ("# '"# &"# %"# $"# "# # # # <--------------> <-------------------------------------------> <--------------> <------------------------------------------->
<--------------> <-------------------------------------------> <--------------> <------------------------------------------->
<--------------> <-------------------------------------------> <--------------> <------------------------------------------->
<--------------> <-------------------------------------------> <--------------> <------------------------------------------->
<--------------> <-------------------------------------------> *-./% $1))% $0&)% $0))% $$&)% $$))% $)&)% $$0$% $0)&% $0''% *3/% 0% $#"% $#% $#2% $#0% $#&% $#&% $#% *4 0 /% 2% 1#"% 1#% 1#2% 1#0% 1#% 1#"% 1#"% *-+,3/% &&% &2% &1% &0% &$% &)#1% &1#'% &2#$% *+,-./% ')% (% "% '% % "#$% #"% #$% *3,$))-4/% "#)% '#&% '#)% #&% #)% &#&% '#1% '% '#0% $)))% $% 1% &)% &% &#)% 9:;*5/% &)5% 2)5% 1)5% 0)5% $)5% )5% )5% )5% 115%,*5/% &)5% 2)5% 1)5% 0)5% $)5% )5% )5% )5% 115% 778%*5/% &)5% 2)5% 1)5% 0)5% $)5% )5% )5% 2&5% 115% % &)5% 2)5% 1)5% 0)5% $)5% )5% )5% 1)5% 1(5% 678%*5/% &)5% 2)5% 1)5% 0)5% $)5% )5% $05% )5% )5% :68%*5/% &)5% 2)5% 1)5% 0)5% $)5% )5% )5% )5% 5%
International Council on Clean Transportation 1225 I Street NW, Suite 900 Washington DC 20005 www.theicct.org