1 1 tychang@mail.nhu.edu.tw 1
2 Philippe Schmitter 3 2 Leon Gordenker and Thomas Weiss, Pluralizing Global Governance: Analytical Approaches and Dimensions, in Gordenker and Weiss, eds., NGOs, the UN, and Global Governance (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1996), 24; Qingxin Ken Wang, Taiwanese NGOs and the Prospect of National Unification in the Taiwan Strait, Australian Journal of International Affairs Vol. 54, No. 1 (2000), p. 112. 3 Philippe C. Schmitter, The Consolidation of Democracy and Representation of Social Groups, American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 35, Issue 4/5 (Mar-Jun 1992), p. 424. 2
4 Candido Grzybowski, NGOs: Searching for solid ground, UNESCO Courier, Vol. 53, Issue 9 (Sep 2000), p. 35. 3
5 6 Amnesty International 7 8 Human Rights Watch International Commission of Jurists Asian Human Rights Commission The Asian Federation Against Involuntary Disappearances Human Rights in China The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights Azerbaijan 9 Laurie Wiseberg 5 William Korey, NGOs and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Curious Grapevine (NY: St. Martin s Press, 1998), 2. 6 Peter R. Baehr, The Role of Human Rights in Foreign Policy (London: MacMillan Press, 2 nd ed., 1996), 53-5. 7 Peter R. Baehr, Amnesty International and Its Self-Imposed Limited Mandate, Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, vol. 12, no. 1 (1994), pp. 5-21. 8 Baehr 9 http://www.isar-az.net/eng/local_ngos.shtml 4
10 11 12 Commission on Human Rights 13 14 10 Laurie S. Wiseberg, Defending Human Rights Defenders: The Importance of Freedom of Association for Human Rights NGOs (Montreal: International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, 1993), pp. 4-6. 11 Baehr, The Role of Human Rights in Foreign Policy, p. 56; Korey, NGOs and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, pp. 5-6. 12 Ann Marie Clark, Diplomacy of Conscience: Amnesty International and Changing Human Rights Norms (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001), 78. 13 Korey, NGOs and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, p. 5. 14 Claude E. Welch, Jr., Protecting Human Rights in Africa: Roles and Strategies of Nongovernmental Organizations (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995), 50-69. 5
( 6
Directory of 300 Major Foundations in Taiwan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 15 2002 2002 11 22 http://www.npo.org.tw/npodev/index2-1.asp 16 http://www.npo.org.tw 7
4. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 8
17 Freedom House 2.73 18 2. RCA 17 http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/1/12/8/n155531.htm 18 http://www.cahr.org.tw/hrindicator/politics.htm 9
19 3. TWNIC 20 4. 5. 19 1996 http://www.tahr.org.tw/data/report96/index.html2001 http://www.tahr.org.tw/data/report97/index.html 2001 2002 6 2002 2003 20 http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/3/8/26/n365126.htm 10
21 1. 2. 3. 23 21 http://www.jrf.org.tw/reform/judgement.htm 22 http://www.jrf.org.tw/reform/judgement_7a.htm 23 Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree 11
4. 24 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 24 http://www.esouth.org/sccid/south/south001116.htm 12
3. 1112 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 13
1. 25 14
2. 12.5% 18% 0.75% 3% Asia Watch 26 27 (urgent action) Rory Mungovern Pierre Sane 26 5:10 80 2 27 15
28 29 Human Rights Watch/Asia 30 Landmine Monitor Report 2000: Toward a Mine-Free World Child Soldiers Global Report 2001 31 32 Pierre Robert Paul Hoffman 33 渉 28 http://www.tahr.org.tw/sue/menu4/active5.26.00.htm 29 http://www.jrf.org.tw/reform/file_4_1a.htm 30 http://www.hrw.org/reports/1989/wr89/taiwan.htm#topofpage 31 http://www.icbl.org/lm/2000/taiwan.html 32 http://www.child-soldiers.org/cs/childsoldiers.nsf/3f922f75125fc21980256b20003951fc/416cef57a7 36a21780256b1f004b4b57?OpenDocument 33 http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=7619 16
34 34 http://www.rsf.fr/article.php3?id_article=6487 17
35 35 18
40 1920/07/09 1936/10/2 1936/10/10 1936/10/24 1964/10/08 1920 1936/10/24 1964/08/25 1937/6/22 1940/2/21 1945/6/26 1945/9/28 1946/06/29 1964/08/25 1947/4/29 1948/8/20 1949/7/20 1951/5/5 1949/12/10 1949/12/10 1949/12/10 1949/12/10 1953/6/9 1953/11/27 19
1953/12/7 1953/12/7 1955/12/14 1955/12/14 ( 1956/12/4 1957/5/16 ) 1957/2/20 1958/8/12 1951/06/29 ( ) 1958/3/1 1957/5/23 1959/5/28 ( ) 1957/06/25 1959/1/23 1961/8/30 1959/06/19 1961/8/31 1959/06/19 1961/8/31 1959/06/19 1961/8/31 ( ) ( ) 1947/07/11 1961/9/26 1958/06/25 1961/8/31 20
1963/4/4 1957/06/26 ( 1962/9/10 ) 1949/07/01 1962/9/10 ( ) ( ) 1949/07/01 1962/10/22 1962/06/22 1964/10/08 1962/06/28 1964/07/10 1964/10/08 1960/12/14 1964/11/16 1967/06/28 1969/12/23 ( ) 1966/3/31 1970/11/14 1949/06/18 1970/12/23 21
1967/10/5 2002/12/31 1 2 3 ( ) 1967/10/5 1967/10/5 2002/12/31 1948/12/10 1998/12/10 36 2003/5/21 36 http://www.mofa.gov.tw/newmofa/sta/law-count-92.doc 22
23
37 2001-2002 2002 2001 2.62 2.45 2.60 2.32 2.76 2.60 2.79 2.71 2.98 2.93 2.77 2.45 2.90 2.87 2.69 2.60 2.86 2.65 3.03 3.01 38 37 38 http://www.cahr.org.tw 24
1972-73 6 5 1973-74 6 5 1974-75 6 5 1975-76 6 5 1976-77 5 5 1977-78 5 4 1978-79 5 4 1979-80 5 5 1980-81 5 6 1981-82 5 5 1982-83 5 5 1983-84 5 5 1984-85 5 5 1985-86 5 5 1986-87 5 5 1987-88 5 4 1988-89 5 3 1989-90 4 3 1990-91 3 3 1991-92 5 5 1992-93 3 3 1993-94 4 4 1994-95 3 3 1995-96 3 3 1996-97 2 2 1997-98 2 2 1998-99 2 2 1999-00 2 2 2000-01 1 2 2001-02 1 2 2003 39 39 http://www.freedomhouse.org/research/freeworld/fhscores.xls 25