50,,,,, 50,,, 90 1949,,, ( ) 15, 1912,,,,, 1912 6,,,, 10,,,, 1914 222
50, 1912 20, 1949 40 50,,,,, 20,,,, 1924,,, 30,,,,,, 40, ( 1945 1947 ) ( 1944 ) ( 1945 ),,,,,,,,, 20,,, 223
1999 5, 1948 (1945, ),, 1949,, (1949 1966 ) 1949,,,, 1956, 90,,,, ( 8 ),, 1956 1957, 200,,,, 1958 1960, 1961, 50,, 224
50 50, 100, 40,,,,, 32, 50, 1949,,,,,,,, 6 ( 8 ) ( ),, 60,,,,,,, 225
1999 5 1949 1966 17,,,,,, 1949 1949,, 1949,,,,,,,,,,, 1949,,,,,,,,, 1949 10 1966 6, 50, 30, 500 226
50,,, 1966,,,,,,,,, 1958, 60, 1964,,,,,,,,, (1976 1989 ),,,, 1976 227
1999 5, 1977, 1978 ( 5 ),,, 1979 11, 84, 145, 4,,,,,,,, 70,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 228
50,,,, 80, 5 (3, 120 ), 1980 1981 ; ( 1, ), 1981 1982 ; ( 1 ), 1980,,,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,, 3, 229
1999 5,, 80 80, ( 1980 ) (, 1986 ),, ( 1980 ),,, 80 6 ( 1979 ), ( 1985 ), ( 1986 ), ( ),, 80 60,, 80,,,,, 1986 ( ) 1987,,, 230
50, 80,,, 20,,,,, ( 1981 ) ( ),,,, ( 1981 ), 10,,,,, (11 ) 231
1999 5 (1989 ),,,,,,, 1949 1978 50, 1979 ( 5, ), 1979 11, 1980 11 ( ), 1981 8 (, ), 1981 70 ( ), 1985 12 70 ( ), 1986 9 120 75 ( 232
50 ) 1981 70 ( ), 1984 ( ), 1985 3 ( ), 1986 11 ( ), 1986 6 50 ( ), 1988 12 ( ),,,,,, 70, 127, 17 44 106, 25,,, 109, 38 76, 30 ( ),,,, 70,,, 80, 100, 80,, 105, 75,, 233
1999 5,, 10,,,,, ( 49, 16 ),,, 1981 10 70, ( ) ; 1982 4 34,,,,, 1985, 1986 120,,,,,, 70, ( 1980 ) ( 1982 ) 234
50 ( 1986 ),,,, ( 1981 ) 1907 ( 1985 ),,,, 80,,,,,,, 1979 75, 1980 176, 1981 1224, 1982 593, 1983 432, 1984 398, 1985 420, 1986 614, 1987 672, 1988 368, 1989 350, 5300, 1949 1978 10,, 5000, 20%,,,,, 235
1999 5,, ( ),,,,,, 80,,,,,, 80,, : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ), ;,,,,,,,,, 236
50,, 1981,,, 5,,, 1982 4 ( ) ( ),,,, 1983 1,,, ( ), 80,, 80,,, 5, Ch inese S tud ies in H istory (Sp ring- Summ er, 1985) 237
1999 5 (1991 ),, 80, :,, ; ( ),, ;, ;, :, 80, ( 3, 155, 1991 ) ; 2 3 4 ( 150, 1991 ) ; ( 300,, ) ;, 90 (100 ), ; ( 1991 ),, 1984 238
50, 80,,, 80,,, ( 1989 ),,, 80,,,,,, 1982,,,,,, 1 (117, 1991 ) (187, 1989 ),,, 1984 5 239
1999 5,,,,, 20,, 80, 120, 90, 80 130,,,,,,,, : ( 1995 ) ( 1997 ) ( 1993 ) ( 1991 ) (1860 1910 ( 1991 ) 240
50 ( 1991 ) ( 1996 ),,, 90, 2001, 21,,, 1903,,, 50,,,,,,,,, : 10, 5 241
1999 5,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1978 ), ( 1979 ), 20,, (,,, ),, 242
50,,,,,? 80, 20 ; 100, 20?,,,,,, 80,,, 100 200,,, 100 200,,,,?,,,, 200, ;,,, 80,,, 243
1999 5,, :,,!,, ;,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,, 21,, 1926, 430070 :,, 15, 244