脉管系统 Vascular System
动脉 (The Artery)
器官外动脉基本规律 (The Basic Rules of Arterial System) 与人体的结构相适应, 有对称性 每一大局部都有 1~2 条动脉干 躯干部动脉分为脏支和壁支, 壁支具有节段性 常与静脉 神经伴行, 构成血管神经束, 多走行于身体屈侧 深部或隐蔽的部位 多以最短距离到达所支配脏器 管径并非完全决定于所供应器官的大小, 与器官功能也有关 行经骨面处多为压迫止血点
肺动脉干 (pulmonary trunk) 左肺动脉 (left pulmonary artery) - 短 细, 横跨左主支气管前方, 分 2 支 右肺动脉 (right pulmonary artery) - 长 粗, 经主动脉上腔静脉后方, 分 3 支 肺循环的动脉 (Arteries of Pulmonary Circulation)
体循环的动脉 (Arteries of Systematic Circulation) 主动脉 (The Aorta) 升主动脉 (ascending aorta) 主动脉弓 (aortic arch) 降主动脉 (descending aorta) 胸主动脉 (thoracic aorta) 腹主动脉 (abdominal aorta)
升主动脉 (The Ascending Aorta)
主动脉弓 (The Ascending Aorta) 头臂干 (brachiocephalic trunk) 左颈总动脉 (left common carotid artery) 左锁骨下动脉 (left subclavian artery)
头颈部的动脉 (The Arterial Supply of Head & Neck) 颈总动脉 (common carotid artery) 锁骨下动脉 (subclavian artery)
颈总动脉 (Common Carotid Artery) 颈内动脉 (internal carotid artery) 颈外动脉 (internal carotid artery)
颈动脉窦 (carotid sinus) 颈动脉小球 (carotid glomus)
颈外动脉主要分支 (Chief Branches of External Carotid Artery) 甲状腺上动脉 (superior thyroid artery) 舌动脉 (lingual artery) 面动脉 (facial artery) 上颌动脉 (maxillary artery) 颞浅动脉 (superficial temporal artery)
Maxillary Artery Superficial Temporal Artery
颈外动脉分支与分布 (Structures Supplied by External Carotid Artery) 甲状腺上动脉 : 甲状腺 喉 舌动脉 : 舌 舌下腺 腭扁桃体 面动脉 : 面浅层 下颌下腺 腭扁桃体 上颌动脉 : 鼻腔 内耳 硬脑膜 颞浅动脉 : 腮腺以及额 顶 颞的软组织
硬脑膜中动脉 (middle menigeal artery) 翼点 (pterion)
锁骨下动脉 (Subclavian Artery) 椎动脉 (vertebral artery) 甲状颈干 (thyrocervical trunk) 胸廓内动脉 (internal thoracic artery) 腹壁上动脉 (superior epigastric artery)
颈横动脉 (transverse cervical artery) 肩胛上动脉 (superascapular artery) 甲状腺下动脉 (inferior thyroid artery)
External Carotid Artery Internal Carotid & Vertebral Arteries
上肢的动脉 (Arterial Supply of the Upper Limb) 锁骨下动脉 (subclavian artery) 第 1 肋外侧缘腋动脉 (axillary artery) 大圆肌下缘肱动脉 (brachial artery) 肘窝, 桡骨颈高度 桡动脉 (radial artery) 尺动脉 (ulnar artery) 掌浅弓 (superficial palmar arch) 掌深弓 (deep palmar arch)
腋动脉 (Axillary Artery) 胸上动脉 (superior thoracic a.) 胸肩峰动脉 (thoracoacromial a.) 胸外侧动脉 (lateral thoracic a.) 肩胛下动脉 (subscauplar a.) 旋肱前 后动脉 (ant. & post. cricumflex humeral aa.)
肱动脉 (Brachial Artery) 肱深动脉 (profunda brachial a.)
前臂动脉 (Arteral Supply of Forearm) 桡动脉 (radial artery) - 掌浅支 (superficial palmar branch) 尺动脉 (ulnar artery) - 骨间总动脉 (common interosseous artery) - 掌深支 (deep palmar branch)
掌浅弓 (Superficial Palmar Arch) 指掌侧总动脉 (common palmar digital artery) 指掌侧固有动脉 (proper palmar digital artery) 掌深弓 (Deep Palmar Arch) 掌心动脉 (palmar metacarpal artery)
胸部的动脉 (Arterial Supply of the Thorax) 壁支 (parietal branches) - 肋间后动脉 (posterior intercostal artery)
脏支 (Visceral branches) - 气管支 支气管支 食管支 心包支 (tracheal, bronchial, esophageal & pericardial branches)
腹部的动脉 (Arterial Supply of the Abdomen)
壁支 (Parietal Branches) 腰动脉 (lumbar a.) 4 对 膈下动脉 (inf. phrenic a.) 脏支 (Visceral Branches) 成对 : - 肾上腺中动脉 (middle suprarenal a.) - 肾动脉 (renal a.) - 睾丸动脉 (testicular a.) 卵巢动脉 (ovarian a.) 不成对 : - 腹腔干 (celiac trunk) - 肠系膜上动脉 (sup. mesenteric a.) - 肠系膜下动脉 (inf. mesenteric a.)
肾上腺动脉 (Arteries of Adrenal Gland) 腹腔干 (Celiac Trunk) 胃左动脉 (left gastric artery) 肝总动脉 (common hepatic artery) 脾动脉 (splenic artery)
肠系膜上动脉 (Superior Mesenteric Artery) 空肠动脉和回肠动脉 (jejunal & ileal arteries) 回结肠动脉 (ileocolic artery) 右结肠动脉 (right colic artery) 中结肠动脉 (middle colic artery)
肠系膜下动脉 (Superior Mesenteric Artery) 左结肠动脉 (left colic artery) 乙状结肠动脉 (sigmoid artery) 直肠上动脉 (superior rectal artery)
盆部的动脉 (Arterial Supply of the Pelvis) 髂总动脉 (common iliac artery) - 髂内动脉 (internal iliac artery) - 髂外动脉 (external iliac artery)
髂内动脉 (Internal Iliac Artery) 髂总动脉 髂内动脉 前支 ( 脏器 ) 后支 ( 盆壁 )
壁支 (Parietal Branches) 闭孔动脉 (obturator artery) 臀上动脉 (superior gluteal artery) 臀下动脉 (superior gluteal artery)
脏支 (Visceral Branches) 膀胱下动脉 (inferior vesical artery) 子宫动脉 (uterine artery) 直肠下动脉 (inferior rectal artery) 阴部内动脉 (internal pudendal artery)
下肢的动脉 (Arterial Supply of the Lower Limb) 髂外动脉 (external iliac artery) 腹股沟韧带股动脉 (femoral artery) 收肌管裂孔腘动脉 (popliteal artery) 腘窝下角 胫前动脉 (ant. tibial a.) 胫后动脉 (post. tibial a.) 足背动脉 (dorsal pedal a.) 足底动脉 (plantar a.)
股动脉 (Femoral Artery) 股深动脉 (profunda femoral a.)
股深动脉 (profunda femoral artery)
腘动脉 (Popliteal Artery)
小腿动脉 (Arteries of the Leg) 胫前动脉 (ant. tibial a.) 胫后动脉 (post. tibial a.) - 腓动脉 (fibular a.)
足动脉 (Arteral Supply of Foot) 足背动脉 (dorsal pedal a.) 足底动脉 (plantar a.) - 足底内侧动脉 (medial plantar a.) - 足底外侧动脉 (lateral plantar a.)