土壤 (Soils), 2018, 50(1): 148 154 DOI: 10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2018.01.020 1 黑土肥料长期定位试验冻土分割搬迁后土壤融合效果评价 1 1* 1 1 1 1 2 (1 150086 2 154007) 0 ~ 20 cm 50 cm 5% 4% 20 ~ 40 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 30 cm 4.3% 3.1% 7.6% 8.3% 0 ~ 40 cm 30 cm 50 cm 40 ~ 100 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 44.2% 0 ~ 20 cm 35.3 ~ 38.0 cm/d 20 cm/d 80 ~ 100 cm 144.4 cm/d 4 30 cm 50 cm (P<0.05) ph 5 a S153.622 A [1-2] 150 a [3] [4-8] 40 a [9] 1979 2010 [10] 1 m 1.2 m (41171244) (2016YFD0300806-2) * (fqchi2013@163.com) (1982 ) E-mail: kuangenjun2002@163.com
1 149 1 1.1 1.0 m 1.0 m 1.1 m =1.1 m 3 1 1 m 1 m 1.2 m (0 cm) 30 cm 50 cm 0 ~ 20 20 ~ 40 40 ~ 60 60 ~ 80 80 ~ 100 cm 3 1.2 (DIK-1130) DIK [11] Olsen - 1.3 Microsoft Excel 2007 SPSS17.0 Sigmaplot 10.0 (LSD) (P 0.05) 0 ~ 20 cm 4.0% 2.6% 6.6% 80 ~ 100 cm 30 cm 50 cm 30 cm 50 cm 4.3% 3.1% 7.6% 图 1 土壤剖面含水量 Fig. 1 Soil moisture contents in different depths 2 2.1 1 m 3 30 cm 50 cm 1 0 ~ 60 cm 30 cm 50 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 2 2.2 2 0 ~ 20 cm 30 cm 50 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 30 cm 50 cm 图 2 土壤三相组成 Fig. 2 Percentages of solid, liquid and gas phase of soil 2.3 [12-13] 3 30 cm 50 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 1.47 g/cm 3 80 ~ 100 cm 1.22 g/cm 3 30 cm 50 cm 1.32 g/cm 3 ( 4) 0 ~
150 50 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 30 cm 50 cm 31.9% 20 ~ 40 cm 30 cm 50 cm 27.2% 80 ~ 100 cm 36.1% 30 cm 50 cm 33.0% 0~ 20 cm ( >10% 1) 表 1 土壤容重和田间持水量的变异程度 Table 1 Variation coefficients of bulk densities and field water capacities (cm) 0 ~ 20 20 ~ 40 80 ~ 100 14.66 6.59 30 cm 1.06 0.38 50 cm 17.26 10.95 2.37 0.14 30 cm 6.29 3.16 50 cm 4.63 2.10 4.84 4.99 30 cm 8.68 2.74 50 cm 6.78 4.03 图 3 土壤容重 Fig. 3 Soil bulk densities 图 4 土壤田间持水量 Fig. 4 Field water capacities 2.4 ( 2) 0 ~ 40 cm 30 cm 50 cm 40 ~ 100 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 30 cm 40 ~ 60 cm 60 ~ 80 cm 2.5 [13] 3 0 ~ 20 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 144.4 cm/d 30 cm 50 cm (P<0.05) 0 ~ 20 cm 4 80 ~ 100 cm 表 2 各层次土壤孔隙状况 Table 2 Soil porosities and pore ratios in different layers (cm) 30 cm 50 cm 30 cm 50 cm 0 ~ 20 47.04 3.63 46.60 0.36 46.82 2.50 7.72 0.78 5.33 (%) 20 ~ 40 43.54 0.69 44.66 2.19 44.31 1.39 1.58 4.91 3.15 40 ~ 60 52.13 4.42 54.13 0.64 52.18 2.62 8.49 1.19 5.01 60 ~ 80 50.97 1.84 54.48 0.47 50.59 3.24 3.61 0.86 6.40 80 ~ 100 55.81 1.81 51.41 1.55 51.55 2.08 3.24 3.01 4.04 0 ~ 20 0.34 0.13 0.36 0.01 0.35 0.13 36.40 2.73 36.96 20 ~ 40 0.18 0.01 0.23 0.06 0.23 0.03 7.20 27.47 13.44 40 ~ 60 0.40 0.16 0.49 0.03 0.43 0.10 41.58 6.51 22.60 60 ~ 80 0.38 0.06 0.48 0.02 0.40 0.06 14.90 3.88 14.32 80 ~ 100 0.61 0.12 0.40 0.04 0.39 0.07 20.44 11.01 17.68
1 151 表 3 不同土层土壤饱和导水率 (cm/d) Table 3 Soil saturated hydraulic conductivities in different layers 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 40 ~ 60 cm 60 ~ 80 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 35.81 ± 8.65 a 0.86 ± 0.63 b 19.65 ± 12.97 a 7.86 ± 3.03 a 144.39 ± 4.08 a 30 cm 38.00 ± 3.47 a 4.75 ± 3.70 b 8.74 ± 2.47 b 5.68 ± 3.09 a 4.98 ± 1.61 b 50 cm 35.38 ± 9.27 a 15.46 ± 4.08 a 4.29 ± 1.20 b 5.24 ± 1.24 a 3.11 ± 0.69 b P<0.05 2 2.6 2.6.1 ph ( 5) ph 60 ~ 100 cm ph 8 50 cm ph ph 50 cm ph ( 5) 0 ~ 20 cm 80 ~ 100 cm Fig. 5 图 5 不同层次土壤有机碳和 ph Soil organic corbon and ph values in different soil layers 2.6.2 30 cm 50 cm 3 ( 6) 0 ~ 20 cm 50 cm 58 mg/kg 20 ~ 40 cm 40 ~ 45 mg/kg 40 cm 60 ~ 80 cm 30 cm 30 cm 50 cm 37.5% ~ 71.4% 30 cm 50 cm (P<0.05) 30 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 50 cm 3 [14] [15-19] [2,10] [20]
152 50 图 6 不同土层土壤养分情况 Fig. 6 Soil nutrient contents in different layers [21] [22] 0 ~ 40 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm (25 ~ 30 cm) 30 ~ 40 cm [23] 80 ~ 100 cm 30 cm 50 cm 4.3% 3.1% 7.6% 8.3% 4 40 ( 7) [24] 图 7 接缝处地表与环刀样品 Fig. 7 The surface of seam and cutting ring sample [25] [26-27] ph [28-29] ph 60 ~ 100 cm ph 8 38 a ph 50 cm 4 5 a
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154 50 Assessment on Soil Fusion Effects of Segmented and Removed Frozen Black Soil Under Long-term Located Experiment KUANG Enjun 1, CHI Fengqin 1*, ZHANG Jiuming 1, SU Qingrui 1, ZHOU Baoku 1, GAO Zhongchao 1, ZHU Baoguo 2 (1 Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resource, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Fertilizer Engineering Research Center, Harbin 150086, China; 2 Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China) Abstract: In order to evaluate the fusion effects after and before soil being removed from long-term located experiment, one removed soil column was chosen to study the differences of chemical and physical properties between soils in commissure and in different distances from the commissure of soil column. The results showed that the field water capacity of 0 20 cm layer at 50 cm far from the commissure in the soil column was 5% higher but bulk density was 4% lower than those in commissure, respectively, and the variation coefficients were also higher than those in other layers. There was no significant difference between soils in the commissure and in other places in 20 40 cm layer, however, soil solid rate and bulk density were higher while field water capacity was lower than other layers. In 80 100 cm layer, soil solid rate and bulk density in the commissure were 4.3% and 8.3% lower while the gas rate was 7.6% higher than those in other places. The porosity in 0 40 cm layer was lower than 40 100 cm layers, with maximal porosity in 80 100 cm layer and minimal porosity in 20 40 cm layer. Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was 35.3 38.0 cm/d in 0 20 cm layer, and decreased with the increase of depth, lower than 20 cm/d in other layers, but soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in the commissure in 80 100 cm layer was 4 times higher than that of topsoil. The rapid available nutrients in the same layers had no significant differences in different places. Total nitrogen in the commissure were significantly higher than those in other places (P<0.05). ph was increased but available nitrogen and soil organic carbon were reduced with the increase of depth. The segmented and removed soil in the commissure is still loose in the deep layers even after 5 years, and soil fusion effect is decreased with the increase of depth. Key words: Black soil long-term located experiment; Soil segmentation and removal; Soil physical-chemical properties; Bulk density; Field capacity; Porosity