PM 2.5
:R-1308-18879 Grant Number:R-1308-18879 :2013 8 1 2014 1 31 Grant period: 08/01/2013-01/31/2014 : Sector: Building : PM2.5 PM2.5 NOX VOC PM2.5 NOX VOC PM2.5 2015 PM2.5 PM2.5 Project DescriptionBased on the formation mechanism of PM2.5, researches are conducted on the impacts of NOx and VOC on atmospheric oxidation, by which we can identify the key control variables of PM2.5 generation. It is found that the total NOx emission amounts of various winter heating systems by investigations, tests and calculations of a wide range of Beijing winter heating sources. According to scenario analyses of Beijing current heating system planning, it could be drawn out that the entire energy consumption by heating systems and its contribution to PM2.5 formation in 2015. On the basis of above studies, some policy proposals and winter heating system development directions could be put forward for declining PM2.5 emissions from adjusting winter heating sources structure. It will be made clear that the economic and energy saving effects of these policies and technology directions. Project team: Yi Jiang, Xiaoyan Tang,Weidou Ni,Guangxi Yue,Xudong Yang, Da Yan, Shan Hu, Jingyi Wang, : PM 2.5 NOx Key Word: Beijing PM 2.5 NOx Centralized district heating This report is funded by Energy Foundation. It does not represent the views of Energy Foundation.
PM 2.5 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 NOx PM 2.5 NOx PM 2.5 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 3
1... 5 2... 5 3 PM 2.5... 6 3.1 PM 2.5... 6 3.2 PM 2.5... 7 3.3... 9 4... 10 4.1... 10 4.2... 10 5 PM 2.5... 11 5.1 PM 2.5... 11 5.2 PM 2.5... 18 6... 19 6.1... 19 6.2... 23 7 PM 2.5... 24 7.1... 24 7.2... 25 7.3... 25... 26 4
1 2012 2013 2012 1 12 786g/m 3 500 g/m 3 1 960g/m 3 75g/m 3 2 2013 10 20-23 PM 2.5 3 PM 2.5 1000!"/!! 1 2013-2017 2017 PM 2.5 2012 25% 60!"/!! PM2.5 2 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 1 5
PM2.5 PM2.5 PM2.5 1 3 PM 2.5 3.1 PM 2.5 2.5m PM 2.5 10m (PM 10 ) 50%-80% PM 2.5 PM 10 2.5m PM 2.5 4 PM 2.5 O 3 OH 2 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 50%-80% PM 2.5 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 6
2 3.2 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 NOx NO 2 NO O1 O O 2 O 3 2 O 3 1 NO NO 2 3 NO 2 O 2 1212 3 O 3!! 1!"!!" +! O +!!!! 2!! +!"!"! +!! 3 VOC VOC OH HO 2 4HO 2 1 NO NO 2 OH 55 NO O 3 NO 3 NO2 O 2 O 3 NOx VOC O 3 NOxVOCSO2 NOx VOC PM 2.5!"# +!"!"! 7
!"! +!"!"! +!" 5 3 5 2013 1 PM 2.5 NOx PM 2.5 NOx NOx PM 2.5 3 5 PM 2.5 SO 2 SO 2 PM 2.5 3 2013 1 PM 2.5 NOx ug/m3, ppb 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 SO2 NO NOx NOy PM2.5-30 PM2.5-50 100 0 2013/1/9 2013/1/10 2013/1/11 2013/1/12 2013/1/13 2013/1/14 2013/1/15 2013/1/16 4 2013 1 8
ug/m3, ppb 500 400 300 200 SO2 NO NOx NOy PM2.5-30 PM2.5-50 100 0 2013/1/25 2013/1/26 2013/1/27 2013/1/28 2013/1/29 2013/1/30 2013/1/31 2013/2/1 5 2013 1 NOx VOC NOx VOC NOx VOC NOx NOx VOC 45 NOx 20 70 NOx NOx NOx 5 1981 NOx PM 2.5 NOx 6 3.3 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 PM 10 50%-80% PM 2.5 PM 2.5 50%-80% PM 2.5 PM 2.5 NOx VOC NOx VOC PM 2.5 VOC NOx 9
4 4.1 2012 1783.7 52555 m 2 7187MW 31111MW 7 35222 GJ 5752 GJ 29470 GJ 7 2265 t 1236 t 55% 92 m 3 35 m3 38% 7 2013-2017 2013 2100 8 2407 15% 9 2015 170 300 10 4.2 2012 182 3940 215.2 582.5 7 153 4235 1 1 t( kwh) t(kwh) t( kwh) 9977.3 2.356 507.0 1987.2 0.469 101.0 105.8 249.8 53761.9 1 2 10
82.0% COCO 2 NOx 315.5 g/kg1148.7 g/kg 464.5g/kg COCO 2 NOx 160.0 582.4 235.5 2 t( kwh) tce % 507.0 362.1 82.0 101.0 57.7 13.1 53761.9 21.7 4.9 441.6 100 5 PM 2.5 5.1 PM 2.5 3 NOx NOx 5.1.1 NOx 3 NOx kg/tce mg/m 3 2 200 11 <0.5 <50 SNCR 9 NOx 0.8 100 1.1 g/m 3 12 1.1 NOx 1.2 50 1.5 g/m 3 10 3 NOx 0.7 30 0.9 g/m 3 13 3 11
3 NOx 2kg NOx 200mg NOx NOx 0.8kg/tce NOx 1.2kg NOx 50mg NOx NOx 60% 5.1.2 NOx 3 NOx NOx NOx 1 m 2 NOx 1 m 2 50W/m 2 6 1367 NOx 2.7 394 NOx 0.8 6 12
7 51.4 m3 NOx 0.6 14.8 m3 NOx 0.2 7 8 154 m3 NOx 2.3 44.4 m3 NOx 0.7 8 4 NOx 0.7 NOx 0.8 NOx PM2.5 4 1 a NOx NO x tce/h m 3 /h tce m 3 MW W/m 2 t/h 1 1367-394 - 0.38 38 2.7 0.8 2-51 - 14.8 - - 0.6 0.2 3-154 - 44.4 0.70 70 2.3 b 0.7 a 1 m 3 13
b 5.1.3 2 1000MW 45% 14 15,16 SO 2 0.47kg/tce NOx SCR NOx 0.37kg/tce 4.5kg/tce 3 NOx 1.2kg/tce 2013 9 2014 17 5 2013 12 / 57.28 #7#8 / 274.65 - SO2 kg/tce 0.47 2kg/tce #7 0.17kg/tce NOx kg/tce 0.37 4.5kg/tce #8 SCR 1.2kg/tce kg/tce 0.12 0.5kg/tce NOx 6 4 253 NOx 0.2 14
8 15
6 NOx NOx tce/h m3/h tce m 3 MW W/m 2 t/h 1 1367-394 - 0.38 38 2.7 0.8 2-51 - 14.8 - - 0.6 0.2 3 2.3 0.7-154 - 44.4 0.70 70 b 4 1922-553 - 0.34 34 0.71 0.2 5 878-253 - 0.16 16 0.33 0.09 18 8 60 20 4 5 878 553 NOx 0.33 NOx 0.09 NOx 11% 13% 45% NOx 13% NOx PM 2.5 19 16
5.1.4 5 NOx 2 NOx 2013 9 2013-2017 10W/m 2 7W/m 2 4 5 16W/m 2 50% 8W/m 2 7W/m 2 5.1.5 NOx 17
VOC 5.2 PM 2.5 5.2.1 PM 2.5 507 101 5.38 kwh 2012 2265 7 PM 2.5 2013 2014 PM 2.5 NOx PM 2.5 NOx 7 507 102 PM 2.5 5.61 NOx 235.50 7 PM 2.5 NOx PM 2.5 NOx t g/kg t g/kg t 507.0 5.54 2.81 464.5 235.50 101.0 27.7 2.80 5.61 2012 2265 54%17% 12% 7 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 430g/kg790g/kg 870g/kg 2021 800g/kg PM 2.5 1.84 PM 2.5 150 g/kg 210g/kg 338g/kg 300g/kg 2022 PM 2.5 0.69 507 101 PM 2.5 2.81 2.80 PM 2.5 5.2.2 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 2013-2014 18
8 8 PM 2.5 0.40 0.54 0.8 MJ/kg 20.90 16.72 16.72 t 2.356 2.181 1.473 tce 1.683 1.247 0.841 tce 0.436 0.841 PM2.5 g/kg 5.54 3.78 2.77 PM2.5 kg 13.05 8.25 4.08 2.356 / PM 2.5 13.05kg/ PM 2.5 4.80kg/ 8.97kg/ 36.8% 68.7% PM 2.5 1.033 1.930 PM 2.5 6 6.1 6.1.1 2013-2017 2013 6.1.1.1 23 24 9 H 2 S CO 2 19
25 9 25 6.1.1.2 20 80 26 1. 20 40 26 10 SNG 900-1100 8%-10% SNGCO+H2 1/3 H2/CO 2 CO CO2>98% CO2 SNG 24 10 SNG 24 2. 27 20 20
27 11 28 11 28 3. 12 4 100m N2 N2 4 1500-1700 29 21
12 29 6.1.1.3 50% 18 92% 40 50% 92%=46% 30-50% 3040 55% 40 28% 35% 40 45% 45%35% 40 23%18% 25%50% 40 NOx 5.6kg/tce 31 NOx 2kg/tce 40 1600 32 0.18-0.23t/GJ 33 6.1.2 50% 5.1 22
NOx 6.2 6.2.1 9 30% 35% 37%34% 68% 5% 20, 34 IEA BP 2020 8%2035 10%-12% 35,36 9 2012 37 37% 30% 20% 36% 22% 25% 34% 35% 19% 21% 54% 14% 46% 22% 26% 18% 4.7% 68% 6.2.2 2009 1m 3 SO2 NOx 10 40 6 20% 38 23
60 30 5362 5402 39 10 1m 3 g 40 SO 2 NOx 256.26 63.70 21.61 58.41 60.20 19.47 3.88 41.10 13.09 4.43 15.15 3.74 1t/h 128.94 46.80 12.24,1t/h 4t/h 14.57 33.82 9.89,4t/h 10t/h 10.25 30.20 8.69 10t/h 4.93 23.21 7.78-0.4-0.02-2.76 2.20 23.27 7.15-0.4-0.02-2.76-0.4-0.02-2.76 1. 2. COP 1-1.2 COP 5 6.2.3 7 PM 2.5 7.1 68% 5% 24
7.2 NOx 68% 5% NOx 13% NOx 7.3 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 PM 2.5 36.8% 68.7% PM 2.5 25
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