Table S1 Definition and description of the indicators of the blood chemistry panel Health indicator Definition Unit First round of health check Second

Supplemental Tables Health effect of agricultural pesticide use in China: implications for the development of GM crops Authors: Chao Zhang, Ruifa Hu, Jikun Huang, Xusheng Huang, Guanming Shi, Yifan Li, Yanhong Yin, and Zhaohui Chen Table of Contents Table S1. Definition and description of the indicators of the blood chemistry panel Table S2. Definition and description of the indicators of peripheral nerve conduction Table S3. Classification of pesticides used by farmers Table S4. Effects of pesticide use on the blood chemistry panel (1) (n=214) Table S5. Effects of pesticide use on the blood chemistry panel (2) (n=214) Table S6. Effects of pesticide use on motor nerve conduction (1) (n=218) Table S7. Effects of pesticide use on motor nerve conduction (2) (n=218) Table S8. Effects of pesticide use on sensory nerve conduction (n=218) S1

Table S1 Definition and description of the indicators of the blood chemistry panel Health indicator Definition Unit First round of health check Second round of health check Mean SD Min Max Mean SD Min Max Hepatic function ALT Alanine aminotransferase U/L 24.54 13.45 4.00 106.00 20.18 11.79 4.00 122.00 AST Aspartate aminotransferase U/L 26.36 8.91 13.00 72.00 23.01 12.08 12.00 172.00 CHE Cholinesterase 10 3 U/L 8.09 1.66 3.24 12.31 8.71 1.73 4.65 13.53 TP Total protein g/l 69.36 3.90 62.00 79.00 76.81 4.84 63.70 92.80 Renal function BUN Blood urea nitrogen mmol/l 5.52 1.42 3.00 11.26 5.15 1.31 1.90 11.40 Cr Creatinine μmol/l 75.52 18.07 44.00 122.00 72.99 14.05 44.00 124.00 Electrolytes Na Sodium mmol/l 140.71 2.37 136.16 144.86 141.97 2.49 134.00 151.00 K Potassium mmol/l 4.45 0.46 3.60 5.20 4.68 0.67 3.68 9.20 P Inorganic phosphorus mmol/l 1.31 0.28 0.88 2.20 1.18 0.15 0.77 1.62 B vitamins VB 12 Vitamin B 12 ng/l 480.94 218.30 109.70 945.70 494.93 248.44 142.00 1550.0 VB 9 Serum folic acid μg/l 10.52 4.04 3.25 19.17 8.29 4.42 2.97 22.00 GLU Serum glucose mmol/l 4.86 1.00 3.90 14.08 5.46 1.02 4.16 12.48 CRP C-reactive protein mg/l 1.29 5.01 0.00 52.00 1.62 3.63 0.01 37.20 Data come from authors survey. SD refers to the standard deviation. S2

Table S2 Definition and description of the indicators of peripheral nerve conduction Health indicator Peripheral nerve name Unit First round of health check Second round of health check Mean SD Min Max Mean SD Min Max Motor nerve conduction Motor conduction velocity MMCV Median nerve m/s 59.76 4.46 43.50 73.30 58.70 4.25 41.70 68.60 UMCV Ulnar nerve m/s 58.00 4.49 46.40 73.70 57.18 4.11 46.40 68.40 TMCV Tibial nerve m/s 47.68 3.94 35.90 60.00 47.68 3.85 38.80 63.70 PMCV Common peroneal nerve m/s 48.59 4.47 27.00 60.00 48.49 4.32 25.80 57.10 Proximal compound muscle action potential amplitude MPCMAP Median nerve mv 12.20 3.23 5.60 20.90 13.68 3.99 5.70 27.40 UPCMAP Ulnar nerve mv 11.33 2.29 5.20 18.90 12.44 2.79 1.00 21.10 TPCMAP Tibial nerve mv 11.21 3.86 3.50 25.00 11.21 3.84 3.10 21.40 PPCMAP Common peroneal nerve mv 6.50 3.12 0.10 20.20 6.79 3.27 0.10 19.80 Distal compound muscle action potential amplitude MDCMAP Median nerve mv 12.97 3.40 5.60 23.00 14.13 4.11 6.00 28.80 UDCMAP Ulnar nerve mv 12.17 2.27 6.10 20.00 13.07 2.71 5.40 23.00 TDCMAP Tibial nerve mv 14.31 4.74 4.20 26.70 13.54 4.49 4.30 27.70 PDCMAP Common peroneal nerve mv 7.17 3.32 0.10 19.10 7.37 3.34 0.10 18.50 Distal motor latency MDML Median nerve ms 3.34 0.52 2.10 7.20 3.45 0.67 2.60 8.70 UDML Ulnar nerve ms 2.63 0.28 2.00 3.60 2.86 0.65 2.00 8.90 TDML Tibial nerve ms 3.67 0.46 2.70 4.80 3.69 0.47 2.70 5.00 PDML Common peroneal nerve ms 3.73 0.63 2.50 6.70 3.72 0.81 2.70 11.80 Sensory nerve conduction Sensory conduction velocity MSCV Median nerve m/s 58.04 6.11 33.30 69.60 58.51 6.33 32.60 72.70 USCV Ulnar nerve m/s 54.33 4.53 37.00 65.70 54.17 5.40 20.00 68.00 SSCV Sural nerve m/s 59.58 4.98 50.00 75.00 60.44 5.64 50.00 71.40 Sensory nerve action potential amplitude MSNAP Median nerve mv 7.67 3.17 1.20 21.00 8.41 3.35 2.00 21.00 USNAP Ulnar nerve mv 5.84 2.49 1.00 17.00 6.29 2.65 0.70 18.00 SSNAP Sural nerve mv 15.24 6.91 4.20 44.00 16.22 7.60 4.70 69.00 Data come from authors survey. SD refers to the standard deviation. S3

Table S3 Classification of pesticides used by farmers Pesticide name Chinese English S4 No. of spraying farmers Average amount (kilogram) Per spraying Per all farmers farmers Glyphosate 草甘膦 Glyphosate 84 1610.81 604.05 Non-glyphosate herbicides 百草枯 Paraquat 84 379.61 142.36 乙草胺 Acetochlor 23 951.45 97.69 莠去津 Atrazine 11 1376.09 67.58 苯磺隆 Tribenuron-methyl 11 64.16 3.15 乙草胺 莠去津 Acetochlor Atrazine 9 468.56 18.83 噻吩磺隆 Thifensulfuron-methyl 8 14.49 0.52 苄嘧磺隆 丁草胺 Bensulfuron-methyl Butachlor 7 47.21 1.48 高效氟吡甲禾灵 Haloxyfop-P-methyl 7 122.89 3.84 异丙草胺 莠去津 Propisochlor Atrazine 7 757.71 23.68 氟乐灵 Trifluralin 7 1400.86 43.78 甲草胺 乙草胺 莠去津 Alachlor Acetochlor Atrazine 6 797.00 21.35 硝磺草酮 莠去津 Mesotrione Atrazine 6 314.25 8.42 苄嘧磺隆 Bensulfuron-methyl 5 61.32 1.37 草铵膦 Glufosinate-ammonium 5 3800.00 84.82 烟嘧磺隆 Nicosulfuron 5 2760.00 61.61 精喹禾灵 Quizalofop-ethyl 5 10.80 0.24 2,4- 滴丁酯 2,4-D butylate 4 31.61 0.56 丁草胺 Butachlor 4 101.40 1.81 丁草胺 异丙草胺 莠去津 Butachlor Propisochlor Atrazine 4 434.00 7.75 乙羧氟草醚 Fluoroglycofen-ethyl 4 18.20 0.33 苄嘧磺隆 丙草胺 Bensulfuron-methyl Pretilachlor 3 43.50 0.58 硝磺草酮 Mesotrione 3 9.33 0.13 甲磺隆 Metsulfuron-methyl 3 411.67 5.51 苄嘧磺隆 乙草胺 Bensulfuron-methyl Acetochlor 2 14.63 0.13 二甲戊灵 乙草胺 Pendimethalin Acetochlor 2 80.00 0.71 扑草净 乙草胺 Prometryn Acetochlor 2 401.00 3.58 乙草胺 莠去津 2,4- 滴丁酯 Acetochlor Atrazine 2,4-D butylate 1 276.48 1.23 甲草胺 Alachlor 1 28.80 0.13 仲丁灵 Butralin 1 144.00 0.64 氰氟草酯 Cyhalofop-butyl 1 20.00 0.09 异丙甲草胺 Metolachlor 1 288.00 1.29 烟嘧磺隆 莠去津 Nicosulfuron Atrazine 1 60.00 0.27 五氟磺草胺 Penoxsulam 1 5.00 0.02 丙草胺 Pretilachlor 1 90.00 0.40 异丙草胺 Propisochlor 1 130.00 0.58 异丙草胺 乙草胺 莠去津 Propisochlor Acetochlor Atrazine 1 520.00 2.32 Chemical lepidopteran insecticides 阿维菌素 Abamectin 119 104.35 55.43 甲维盐 Emamectin benzoate 68 54.81 16.64 氧乐果 Omethoate 40 2257.04 403.04

高效氯氰菊酯 Beta-cypermethrin 38 89.64 15.21 高效氯氟氰菊酯 Lambda-cyhalothrin 38 67.30 11.42 毒死蜱 Chlorpyrifos 35 1281.24 200.19 氯氰菊酯 Cypermethrin 31 133.35 18.46 杀虫双 Bisultap 28 362.39 45.30 甲维盐 丙溴磷 Emamectin benzoate Profenofos 21 130.70 12.25 敌敌畏 DIchlorvos 20 2739.23 244.57 辛硫磷 Phoxim 20 4076.09 363.94 乐果 Dimethoate 17 370.71 28.13 乙酰甲胺磷 Acephate 14 791.14 49.45 高效氯氰菊酯 辛硫磷 Beta-cypermethrin Phoxim 13 311.15 18.06 丁硫克百威 Carbosulfan 13 547.60 31.78 氯氟氰菊酯 Cyhalothrin 13 77.58 4.50 灭多威 Methomyl 13 2170.90 125.99 阿维菌素 啶虫脒 Abamectin Acetamiprid 12 35.16 1.88 联苯菊酯 Bifenthrin 12 18.27 0.98 氟铃脲 毒死蜱 Hexaflumuron Chlorpyrifos 12 94.87 5.08 顺式氯氰菊酯 Alpha-cypermethrin 11 11.02 0.54 阿维菌素 高效氯氰菊酯 Abamectin Beta-cypermethrin 10 28.37 1.27 阿维菌素 毒死蜱 Abamectin Chlorpyrifos 10 620.88 27.72 高效氯氰菊酯 马拉硫磷 Beta-cypermethrin Malathion 10 184.40 8.23 除虫脲 Diflubenzuron 10 728.10 32.50 甲维盐 高效氯氰菊酯 Emamectin benzoate Beta-cypermethrin 10 90.24 4.03 甲维盐 毒死蜱 Emamectin benzoate Chlorpyrifos 10 275.95 12.32 氰戊菊酯 Fenvalerate 10 200.20 8.94 虫酰肼 Tebufenozide 10 2509.70 112.04 氯虫苯甲酰胺 Chlorantraniliprole 9 2329.44 93.59 氰戊菊酯 马拉硫磷 Fenvalerate Malathion 9 98.67 3.96 阿维菌素 甲氰菊酯 Abamectin Fenpropathrin 8 26.34 0.94 溴氰菊酯 Deltamethrin 8 24.55 0.88 甲氰菊酯 氧乐果 Fenpropathrin Omethoate 8 47.06 1.68 氟铃脲 Hexaflumuron 8 32.93 1.18 辛硫磷 马拉硫磷 Phoxim Malathion 8 95.63 3.42 硫丹 Endosulfan 7 984.24 30.76 阿维菌素 灭幼脲 Abamectin Chlorbenzuron 5 314.60 7.02 阿维菌素 氟铃脲 Abamectin Hexaflumuron 5 30.30 0.68 灭幼脲 Chlorbenzuron 5 102.10 2.28 阿维菌素 辛硫磷 Abamectin Phoxim 4 55.25 0.99 克百威 Carbofuron 4 235.00 4.20 硫丹 辛硫磷 Endosulfan Phoxim 4 295.31 5.27 氰戊菊酯 乐果 Fenvalerate Dimethoate 4 211.50 3.78 氟铃脲 辛硫磷 Hexaflumuron Phoxim 4 140.68 2.51 丙溴磷 Profenofos 4 168.00 3.00 敌百虫 Trichlorfon 4 317.50 5.67 高效氯氰菊酯 灭多威 Beta-cypermethrin Methomyl 3 94.50 1.27 氟啶脲 Chlorfuazuron 3 955.00 12.79 氯氰菊酯 毒死蜱 Cypermethrin Chlorpyrifos 3 130.42 1.75 甲维盐 氟铃脲 Emamectin benzoate Hexaflumuron 3 5.99 0.08 S5

氰戊菊酯 敌百虫 Fenvalerate Trichlorfon 3 42.00 0.56 氟虫双酰胺 Fuchongshuangxianan 3 15.10 0.20 阿维菌素 氯氰菊酯 Abamectin Cypermethrin 2 42.50 0.38 阿维菌素 三唑磷 Abamectin Triazophos 2 78.00 0.70 乙酰甲胺磷 毒死蜱 Acephate Chlorpyrifos 2 56.00 0.50 高效氯氰菊酯 氟啶脲 Beta-cypermethrin Chlorfuazuron 2 145.00 1.29 高效氯氰菊酯 毒死蜱 Beta-cypermethrin Chlorpyrifos 2 130.00 1.16 溴氰虫酰胺 Cyantraniliprole 2 16.00 0.14 氯氰菊酯 辛硫磷 Cypermethrin Phoxim 2 16.45 0.15 氯氰菊酯 丙溴磷 Cypermethrin Profenofos 2 66.00 0.59 溴氰菊酯 马拉硫磷 Deltamethrin Malathion 2 143.75 1.28 二嗪磷 Diazinon 2 750.00 6.70 甲维盐 氯氰菊酯 Emamectin benzoate Cypermethrin 2 11.20 0.10 硫丹 灭多威 Endosulfan Methomyl 2 125.00 1.12 醚菊酯 Etofenprox 2 77.50 0.69 甲氰菊酯 Fenpropathrin 2 106.00 0.95 水胺硫磷 Isocarbophos 2 85.00 0.76 高效氯氟氰菊酯 三唑磷 Lambda-cyhalothrin Triazophos 2 975.00 8.71 辛硫磷 灭多威 Phoxim Methomyl 2 402.50 3.59 多杀霉素 Spinosad 2 3.38 0.03 三唑磷 Triazophos 2 46.00 0.41 三唑磷 辛硫磷 Triazophos Phoxim 2 57.00 0.51 阿维菌素 毒死蜱 三唑磷 Abamectin Chlorpyrifos Triazophos 1 30.50 0.14 阿维菌素 氟酰胺 Abamectin Fuchongshuangxianan 1 1.50 0.01 高效氟氯氰菊酯 辛硫磷 Beta-cyfluthrin Phoxim 1 64.50 0.29 高效氯氰菊酯 氟铃脲 Beta-cypermethrin Hexaflumuron 1 6.84 0.03 高效氯氰菊酯 吡虫啉 Beta-cypermethrin Imidacloprid 1 6.00 0.03 高效氯氰菊酯 辛硫磷 马拉硫磷 Beta-cypermethrin Phoxim Malathion 1 1200.00 5.36 高效氯氰菊酯 三唑磷 Beta-cypermethrin Triazophos 1 31.50 0.14 氯虫苯甲酰胺 高效氯氰菊酯 Chlorantraniliprole Beta-cypermethrin 1 35.00 0.16 氯虫苯甲酰胺 高效氯氟氰菊酯 Chlorantraniliprole Lambda-cyhalothrin 1 7.00 0.03 氯氰菊酯 三唑磷 Cypermethrin Triazophos 1 33.00 0.15 甲维盐 啶虫脒 Emamectin benzoate Acetamiprid 1 0.96 0.00 甲维盐 印楝素 Emamectin benzoate Azadirachtin 1 2.40 0.01 甲维盐 氯虫苯甲酰胺 Emamectin benzoate Chlorantraniliprole 1 35.20 0.16 甲维盐 虫酰肼 Emamectin benzoate Tebufenozide 1 48.30 0.22 氰戊菊酯 氧乐果 Fenvalerate Omethoate 1 1125.00 5.02 氰戊菊酯 辛硫磷 Fenvalerate Phoxim 1 48.00 0.21 氰戊菊酯 鱼藤酮 Fenvalerate Rotenone 1 13.65 0.06 茚虫威 Indoxacarb 1 24.00 0.11 高效氯氟氰菊酯 辛硫磷 Lambda-cyhalothrin Phoxim 1 4.80 0.02 氰氟虫腙 Metaflumizone 1 14.40 0.06 杀虫单 Monosultap 1 195.00 0.87 对硫磷 Parathion 1 5.00 0.02 亚胺硫磷 Phosmet 1 120.00 0.54 辛硫磷 毒死蜱 Phoxim Chlorpyrifos 1 100.00 0.45 硫磺 苦参碱 Sulfur Matrine 1 8.19 0.04 特丁硫磷 Terbufos 1 810.00 3.62 S6

噻虫嗪 氯虫苯甲酰胺 Thiamethoxam Chlorantraniliprole 1 25.60 0.11 Biological lepidopteran insecticides 苏云金杆菌 Bacillus thuringiensis 50 622.90 139.04 棉铃虫核型多角体病毒 Heliothis armigera NPV 25 904.80 100.98 苦参碱 Matrine 3 0.65 0.01 斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒 Spodopteraliture NPV 3 2740.00 36.70 白僵菌 Beauveria 2 627.50 5.60 印楝素 Azadirachtin 1 1.40 0.01 烟碱 苦参碱 Nicotine Matrine 1 0.96 0.00 Non-lepidopteran insecticides 啶虫脒 Acetamiprid 85 342.13 129.82 吡虫啉 Imidacloprid 70 127.04 39.70 哒螨灵 Pyridaben 19 26.22 2.22 阿维菌素 哒螨灵 Abamectin Pyridaben 18 31.72 2.55 马拉硫磷 Malathion 14 943.07 58.94 氟虫腈 Fipronil 10 28.21 1.26 阿维菌素 吡虫啉 Abamectin Imidacloprid 9 5.49 0.22 噻嗪酮 Buprofezin 6 116.68 3.13 四螨嗪 哒螨灵 Clofentezine Pyridaben 6 18.65 0.50 灭蝇胺 Cyromazine 6 10.33 0.28 吡虫啉 灭多威 Imidacloprid Methomyl 5 11.70 0.26 二甲基二硫醚 Dithioether 4 2.50 0.04 异丙威 Isoprocarb 4 26.85 0.48 吡蚜酮 Pymetrozine 4 68.44 1.22 阿维菌素 矿物油 Abamectin Petroleum oil 3 68.60 0.92 速灭威 Metolcarb 3 84.25 1.13 稻丰散 仲丁威 Phenthoate Fenobucarb 3 216.00 2.89 甲拌磷 Phorate 3 1548.25 20.74 阿维菌素 炔螨特 Abamectin Propargite 2 364.00 3.25 噻嗪酮 异丙威 Buprofezin Isoprocarb 2 33.75 0.30 马拉硫磷 异丙威 Malathion Isoprocarb 2 8.40 0.08 烯啶虫胺 Nitenpyram 2 55.50 0.50 阿维菌素 四螨嗪 Abamectin Clofentezine 1 10.40 0.05 阿维菌素 吡蚜酮 Abamectin Pymetrozine 1 108.00 0.48 啶虫脒 辛硫磷 Acetamiprid Phoxim 1 60.00 0.27 高效氯氰菊酯 氧乐果 Beta-cypermethrin Omethoate 1 18.00 0.08 联苯菊酯 啶虫脒 Bifenthrin Acetamiprid 1 18.00 0.08 噻嗪酮 速灭威 Buprofezin Metolcarb 1 30.00 0.13 毒杀芬 Camphechlor 1 90.00 0.40 四螨嗪 Clofentezine 1 1.20 0.01 唑螨酯 Fenpyronximate 1 2.25 0.01 氟邦尼 Fubangni 1 82.04 0.37 吡虫啉 仲丁威 Imidacloprid Fenobucarb 1 240.00 1.07 烯啶虫胺 吡蚜酮 Nitenpyram Pymetrozine 1 2.40 0.01 甲拌磷 克百威 Phorate Carbofuron 1 125.00 0.56 吡蚜酮 噻嗪酮 Pymetrozine Buprofezin 1 35.00 0.16 吡蚜酮 异丙威 Pymetrozine Isoprocarb 1 12.00 0.05 鱼藤酮 Rotenone 1 1.08 0.00 S7

噻虫嗪 Thiamethoxam 1 7.50 0.03 Fungicides 代森锌 Zineb 35 1248.23 195.04 代森锰锌 Mancozeb 25 903.06 100.79 多菌灵 Carbendazim 22 419.06 41.16 百菌清 Chlorothanonil 20 916.24 81.81 烯酰吗啉 Dimethomorph 17 164.54 12.49 井冈霉素 Jingangmycin 13 50.98 2.96 丙环唑 Propiconazol 13 35.71 2.07 链霉素 Streptomycin 13 58.03 3.37 霜脲氰 代森锰锌 Cymoxanil Mancozeb 12 607.20 32.53 咪鲜胺 Prochloraz 12 365.93 19.60 苯醚甲环唑 Difenoconazole 11 27.01 1.33 春雷霉素 Kasugamycin 10 3.92 0.18 甲霜灵 代森锰锌 Metalaxyl Mancozeb 10 494.85 22.09 噁唑菌酮 代森锰锌 Famoxadone Mancozeb 9 997.64 40.08 吡唑醚菌酯 Pyraclostrobin 9 32.47 1.30 甲基硫菌灵 Thiophanate-methyl 8 273.00 9.75 三唑酮 Triadimefon 8 186.88 6.67 乙蒜素 Ethylicin 7 69.71 2.18 噁霉灵 Hymexazol 7 50.67 1.58 异菌脲 Iprodione 7 56.07 1.75 辛菌胺 Xinjunan 7 10.19 0.32 多菌灵 福美双 溴菌腈 Carbendazim Thiram Bromothalonil 6 20.00 0.54 苯醚甲环唑 丙环唑 Difenoconazole Propiconazol 6 226.90 6.08 烯酰吗啉 吡唑醚菌酯 Dimethomorph Pyraclostrobin 6 24.15 0.65 盐酸吗啉胍 乙酸铜 Moroxydine hydrochloride Copper acetate 6 191.00 5.12 霜霉威 Propamocarb 6 216.55 5.80 多菌灵 代森锰锌 Carbendazim Mancozeb 5 195.00 4.35 烯酰吗啉 代森锰锌 Dimethomorph Mancozeb 5 86.25 1.93 氢氧化铜 Copper hydroxide 4 67.36 1.20 敌磺钠 Fenaminosulf 4 189.00 3.38 精甲霜灵 代森锰锌 Metalaxyl-M Mancozeb 4 411.40 7.35 腈菌唑 代森锰锌 Myclobutanil Mancozeb 4 485.00 8.66 丙森锌 Propineb 4 1369.38 24.45 福美锌 Ziram 4 104.40 1.86 叶枯唑 Bismerthiazol 3 17.67 0.24 多菌灵 福美双 Carbendazim Thiram 3 22.00 0.29 多菌灵 三唑酮 Carbendazim Triadimefon 3 115.33 1.54 氯溴异氰尿酸 Chloroisobromine cyanuric acid 3 24.00 0.32 乙酸铜 Copper acetate 3 58.00 0.78 硫酸铜 Copper sulfate 3 71.00 0.95 烯唑醇 Diniconazole 3 27.17 0.36 敌磺钠 福美双 Fenaminosulf Thiram 3 18.40 0.25 甲霜灵 Metalaxyl 3 48.80 0.65 盐酸吗啉胍 辛菌胺 Moroxydine hydrochloride Xinjunan 3 4.92 0.07 腈菌唑 Myclobutanil 3 43.73 0.59 咪鲜胺 多菌灵 Prochloraz Carbendazim 3 125.00 1.67 S8

吡唑醚菌酯 代森联 Pyraclostrobin Metiram 3 240.00 3.21 噻唑锌 Saizuoxin 3 16.00 0.21 噻菌铜 Thiediazole copper 3 19.33 0.26 中生菌素 Zhongshengmycin 3 4.24 0.06 氟吗啉 三乙膦酸铝 Flumorph Fosetyl-aluminium 2 100.00 0.89 氟硅唑 Flusilazole 2 26.00 0.23 三乙膦酸铝 Fosetyl-aluminium 2 253.50 2.26 三乙膦酸铝 代森锰锌 Fosetyl-aluminium Mancozeb 2 126.00 1.13 己唑醇 Hexaconazole 2 4.00 0.04 甲霜灵 噁霉灵 Metalaxyl Hemexazol 2 2.70 0.02 甲霜灵 福美双 Metalaxyl Thiram 2 1810.00 16.16 代森联 Metiram 2 525.00 4.69 盐酸吗啉胍 Moroxydine hydrochloride 2 155.00 1.38 腈菌唑 福美双 Myclobutanil Thiram 2 30.00 0.27 宁南霉素 Ningnanmycin 2 5.20 0.05 腐霉利 Procymidone 2 2.75 0.02 松脂酸铜 Songzhisuantong 2 84.70 0.76 福美双 福美锌 Thiram Ziram 2 72.00 0.64 肟菌酯 戊唑醇 Trifloxystrobin Tebuconazole 2 28.13 0.25 噻霉酮 Benziothiazolinone 1 4.20 0.02 溴菌腈 Bromothalonil 1 170.00 0.76 溴菌腈 多菌灵 Bromothalonil Carbendazim 1 100.00 0.45 多菌灵 五氯硝基苯 Carbendazim Quintozene 1 40.00 0.18 霜脲氰 丙森锌 Cymoxanil Propineb 1 90.00 0.40 烯酰吗啉 三乙膦酸铝 Dimethomorph Fosetyl-aluminium 1 500.00 2.23 烯酰吗啉 甲霜灵 Dimethomorph Metalaxyl 1 6.00 0.03 烯酰吗啉 丙森锌 Dimethomorph Propineb 1 570.00 2.54 稻瘟净 EBP 1 12.00 0.05 乙嘧酚 Ethirimol 1 420.00 1.88 丁子香酚 Eugenol 1 15.00 0.07 噁唑菌酮 氟硅唑 Famoxadone Flusilazole 1 51.68 0.23 氟吗啉 代森锰锌 Flumorph Mancozeb 1 15.00 0.07 香菇多糖 Fungous proteoglycan 1 4.50 0.02 噁霉灵 福美双 Hemexazol Thiram 1 10.90 0.05 稻瘟灵 Isoprothiolane 1 24.00 0.11 稻瘟灵 己唑醇 Isoprothiolane Hexaconazole 1 54.00 0.24 精甲霜灵 咯菌腈 Metalaxyl-M Fludioxonil 1 4.38 0.02 嘧啶核苷类抗菌素 Midingheganleikangjunsu 1 60.00 0.27 噁霜灵 代森锰锌 Oxadixyl Mancozeb 1 64.00 0.29 喹啉铜 Oxine-copper 1 50.25 0.22 申嗪菌素 丁子香酚 咯菌腈 Phenazino-1-carboxylic acid Eugenol Fludioxonil 1 120.00 0.54 多抗霉素 Polyoxin 1 1.20 0.01 咪鲜胺 异菌脲 Prochloraz Iprodione 1 16.00 0.07 咪鲜胺 松脂酸铜 Prochloraz Songzhisuantong 1 4.50 0.02 丙森锌 缬霉威 Propineb Iprovalicarb 1 133.60 0.60 荧光假单胞杆菌 Pseudomonas fluorescens 1 100.00 0.45 嘧霉胺 Pyrimethanil 1 24.00 0.11 S9

噻菌茂 Saijunmao 1 14.00 0.06 戊唑醇 Tebuconazole 1 6.45 0.03 甲基硫菌灵 噁霉灵 Thiophanate-methyl Hymexazol 1 8.40 0.04 福美双 Thiram 1 75.00 0.33 甲基立枯磷 Tolclofos-methyl 1 16.00 0.07 S10

Table S4 Effects of pesticide use on the blood chemistry panel (1) (n=214) Variables ALT AST CHE TP BUN Cr Glyphosate -0.58-0.06-0.08 0.02-0.05-0.53 (-1.68,0.51) (-0.84,0.71) (-0.18,0.03) (-0.27,0.30) (-0.17,0.07) (-1.87,0.81) Non-glyphosate herbicides -0.05 0.31 0.05 0.12 0.10* 1.75** (-0.88,0.79) (-0.27,0.90) (-0.03,0.13) (-0.10,0.34) (0.00,0.19) (0.74,2.77) Chemical lepidopteran insecticides 0.65** 0.30-0.01 0.03 0.02-0.21 (0.16,1.14) (-0.04,0.65) (-0.06,0.04) (-0.10,0.15) (-0.04,0.07) (-0.80,0.38) Biological lepidopteran insecticides -0.17-0.20 0.10-0.19-0.12-0.29 (-2.02,1.69) (-1.51,1.11) (-0.08,0.27) (-0.67,0.29) (-0.33,0.08) (-2.57,2.00) Non-lepidopteran insecticides -0.55 0.04-0.01-0.03-0.23-1.27 (-2.96,1.85) (-1.75,1.82) (-0.22,0.20) (-0.62,0.55) (-0.48,0.02) (-4.02,1.48) Fungicides 1.43* 1.64** -0.02 0.21 0.11 0.28 (0.35,2.52) (0.86,2.41) (-0.12,0.09) (-0.07,0.48) (-0.01,0.23) (-1.02,1.59) Age (year) -0.22** -0.06-0.00-0.05* -0.01-0.07 (-0.38,-0.05) (-0.17,0.05) (-0.02,0.01) (-0.09,-0.01) (-0.03,0.01) (-0.27,0.13) Female (yes=1, no=0) -0.72-0.03-0.13 0.75-0.62** -13.57** (-4.84,3.41) (-2.93,2.86) (-0.52,0.27) (-0.33,1.83) (-1.08,-0.15) (-19.65,-7.48) Body mass index (kg/m2) 1.00** 0.21 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.42 (0.53,1.46) (-0.11,0.53) (-0.04,0.05) (-0.02,0.22) (-0.04,0.06) (-0.15,0.98) Cigarette intake (yes=1, no=0) 3.05 3.03* -0.13-0.99* -0.14-3.10 (-0.51,6.62) (0.51,5.55) (-0.47,0.21) (-1.92,-0.06) (-0.54,0.26) (-7.54,1.33) Alcohol consumption (yes=1, no=0) -0.35 1.26-0.03 0.03-0.06 5.66** (-3.62,2.92) (-1.05,3.58) (-0.34,0.28) (-0.82,0.88) (-0.42,0.30) (1.66,9.65) Protective measure (yes=1, no=0) -2.16-0.75 0.16 0.40-0.12 3.05 (-6.54,2.22) (-3.85,2.35) (-0.26,0.58) (-0.74,1.55) (-0.60,0.37) (-2.43,8.54) Guangdong (yes=1, no=0) 4.70* 3.28* -0.05-4.39** -0.12 2.46 (0.46,8.95) (0.28,6.27) (-0.46,0.36) (-5.54,-3.25) (-0.59,0.35) (-3.18,8.10) Jiangxi (yes=1, no=0) 4.91* 5.02** -0.61** 0.18 0.65** -8.09** (0.75,9.07) (2.07,7.96) (-1.01,-0.22) (-0.91,1.26) (0.19,1.11) (-13.32,-2.85) Baseline indicator 0.41** 0.14* 0.70** 0.35** 0.50** 0.36** (0.26,0.56) (0.03,0.25) (0.61,0.79) (0.27,0.44) (0.36,0.63) (0.18,0.53) Constant -1.79 14.91* 2.25** 43.93** 3.12** 47.13** (-17.74,14.15) (3.48,26.35) (0.67,3.84) (36.47,51.38) (1.27,4.97) (25.50,68.76) Adjusted R 2 0.36 0.26 0.62 0.48 0.30 0.47 Figures in the parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. ** p < 0.01, and * p < 0.05. S11

Table S5 Effects of pesticide use on the blood chemistry panel (2) (n=214) Variables Na K P VB 12 VB 9 GLU CRP Glyphosate 0.14 0.04 0.01-0.82-0.17 0.03-0.24 (-0.10,0.38) (-0.01,0.09) (-0.01,0.02) (-19.37,17.72) (-0.57,0.23) (-0.05,0.11) (-0.73,0.26) Non-glyphosate herbicides 0.12 0.01 0.00-1.55-0.35* 0.01-0.05 (-0.06,0.30) (-0.02,0.05) (-0.01,0.02) (-15.72,12.63) (-0.65,-0.05) (-0.05,0.07) (-0.43,0.33) Chemical lepidopteran insecticides -0.02-0.02 0.01-1.02-0.00 0.04* 0.25* (-0.13,0.08) (-0.04,0.00) (-0.00,0.01) (-9.31,7.26) (-0.18,0.17) (0.00,0.07) (0.03,0.47) Biological lepidopteran insecticides -0.19 0.01-0.00-6.97 0.30 0.05 0.16 (-0.59,0.21) (-0.07,0.09) (-0.03,0.03) (-38.34,24.39) (-0.38,0.98) (-0.08,0.18) (-0.68,1.00) Non-lepidopteran insecticides 0.07-0.02 0.02 24.10-0.25-0.13-0.67 (-0.42,0.56) (-0.12,0.07) (-0.01,0.06) (-13.97,62.18) (-1.06,0.57) (-0.29,0.03) (-1.69,0.35) Fungicides 0.03-0.02-0.01-19.81* 0.10-0.01 0.07 (-0.20,0.26) (-0.06,0.03) (-0.02,0.01) (-37.96,-1.66) (-0.29,0.49) (-0.08,0.07) (-0.41,0.56) Age (year) 0.03-0.00 0.00-0.22-0.03 0.00-0.01 (-0.00,0.07) (-0.01,0.00) (-0.00,0.00) (-2.94,2.50) (-0.09,0.03) (-0.01,0.01) (-0.08,0.06) Female (yes=1, no=0) 0.07-0.07 0.02 0.03 1.93* 0.10-0.80 (-0.83,0.97) (-0.24,0.10) (-0.05,0.09) (-69.30,69.35) (0.43,3.44) (-0.19,0.39) (-2.65,1.06) Body mass index (kg/m2) 0.06-0.01 0.00-3.43-0.18* 0.00 0.02 (-0.03,0.16) (-0.03,0.01) (-0.00,0.01) (-11.25,4.38) (-0.35,-0.02) (-0.03,0.04) (-0.19,0.23) Cigarette intake (yes=1, no=0) -0.08 0.08-0.02-21.17 0.28-0.03 0.48 (-0.86,0.69) (-0.08,0.23) (-0.07,0.04) (-81.83,39.48) (-1.02,1.57) (-0.28,0.22) (-1.13,2.10) Alcohol consumption (yes=1, no=0) -0.11-0.07 0.04 21.21-0.07 0.22-0.14 (-0.82,0.60) (-0.21,0.07) (-0.02,0.09) (-34.15,76.57) (-1.26,1.11) (-0.01,0.45) (-1.63,1.34) Protective measure (yes=1, no=0) 0.77-0.16 0.03 31.61 1.05-0.17-0.80 (-0.19,1.73) (-0.35,0.02) (-0.04,0.09) (-42.54,105.76) (-0.54,2.63) (-0.48,0.14) (-2.78,1.19) Guangdong (yes=1, no=0) -0.46-0.11 0.49** -223.64** -1.59 0.24-1.04 (-1.38,0.46) (-0.29,0.07) (0.43,0.56) (-311.40,-135.88) (-3.34,0.16) (-0.06,0.54) (-2.96,0.87) Jiangxi (yes=1, no=0) -0.25-0.07 0.02 43.48-1.65-0.20-1.24 (-1.20,0.70) (-0.24,0.11) (-0.05,0.09) (-28.59,115.54) (-3.43,0.13) (-0.50,0.09) (-3.13,0.64) Baseline indicator 0.03 0.06 0.12-0.02 0.13 0.60** 0.30** (-0.12,0.17) (-0.05,0.16) (-0.05,0.29) (-0.15,0.12) (-0.02,0.29) (0.49,0.71) (0.12,0.49) Constant 134.15** 4.67** 0.89** 653.18** 15.67** 1.27* 1.44 (112.82,155.47) (3.88,5.45) (0.57,1.21) (381.68,924.69) (9.88,21.47) (0.09,2.44) (-5.83,8.71) Adjusted R 2 0.02 0.00 0.63 0.30 0.06 0.42 0.04 Figures in the parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. ** p < 0.01, and * p < 0.05. S12

Table S6 Effects of pesticide use on motor nerve conduction (1) (n=218) Variables MMCV UMCV TMCV PMCV MDML UDML TDML PDML Glyphosate 0.18 0.23-0.32 0.00 0.01-0.01 0.04 0.03 (-0.21,0.57) (-0.16,0.61) (-0.65,0.02) (-0.30,0.30) (-0.04,0.06) (-0.03,0.02) (-0.00,0.09) (-0.02,0.07) Non-glyphosate herbicides -0.05-0.14-0.11-0.04-0.00-0.00-0.01-0.00 (-0.37,0.27) (-0.45,0.17) (-0.39,0.16) (-0.28,0.20) (-0.04,0.04) (-0.03,0.02) (-0.05,0.03) (-0.04,0.03) Chemical lepidopteran insecticides -0.20* -0.20* -0.19* -0.18** 0.02 0.01* -0.01-0.01 (-0.37,-0.02) (-0.38,-0.03) (-0.34,-0.04) (-0.31,-0.04) (-0.00,0.04) (0.00,0.02) (-0.03,0.01) (-0.03,0.01) Biological lepidopteran insecticides -0.13-0.16-0.06 0.38 0.01-0.05 0.01 0.02 (-0.78,0.52) (-0.81,0.48) (-0.62,0.50) (-0.12,0.88) (-0.07,0.09) (-0.09,0.00) (-0.07,0.08) (-0.06,0.09) Non-lepidopteran insecticides 0.02 0.25-0.12-0.34-0.04 0.02 0.01 0.08 (-0.78,0.82) (-0.54,1.04) (-0.81,0.57) (-0.96,0.28) (-0.14,0.06) (-0.03,0.08) (-0.08,0.10) (-0.02,0.17) Fungicides 0.28-0.18-0.05-0.18-0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 (-0.10,0.66) (-0.55,0.20) (-0.38,0.28) (-0.47,0.11) (-0.05,0.05) (-0.02,0.03) (-0.03,0.05) (-0.03,0.06) Age (year) -0.09** -0.07* -0.03-0.03 0.01 0.00* -0.00 0.00 (-0.15,-0.03) (-0.13,-0.01) (-0.08,0.02) (-0.08,0.01) (-0.00,0.01) (0.00,0.01) (-0.01,0.00) (-0.00,0.01) Female (yes=1, no=0) -0.81 1.65* -0.65 0.61-0.01-0.11* -0.23** 0.01 (-2.28,0.67) (0.20,3.11) (-1.90,0.60) (-0.51,1.73) (-0.19,0.17) (-0.22,-0.01) (-0.39,-0.06) (-0.16,0.18) Body mass index (kg/m2) -0.07-0.04-0.03 0.03 0.02-0.01-0.00-0.01 (-0.24,0.11) (-0.21,0.13) (-0.18,0.12) (-0.10,0.17) (-0.01,0.04) (-0.02,0.00) (-0.02,0.02) (-0.03,0.01) Cigarette intake (yes=1, no=0) -0.62 0.44-0.25-0.28-0.07-0.08-0.12-0.01 (-1.88,0.63) (-0.81,1.69) (-1.33,0.83) (-1.24,0.69) (-0.22,0.09) (-0.17,0.00) (-0.26,0.02) (-0.15,0.14) Alcohol consumption (yes=1, no=0) 0.07-0.35-0.87-0.20-0.05 0.02-0.02 0.08 (-1.08,1.22) (-1.48,0.79) (-1.86,0.12) (-1.08,0.68) (-0.20,0.09) (-0.06,0.10) (-0.15,0.11) (-0.05,0.22) Protective measure (yes=1, no=0) 0.35 0.03 0.25 0.57-0.18 0.01 0.13 0.14 (-1.27,1.97) (-1.57,1.63) (-1.14,1.65) (-0.68,1.82) (-0.38,0.02) (-0.11,0.12) (-0.05,0.31) (-0.05,0.33) Guangdong (yes=1, no=0) 0.83 0.44 0.66 0.29 0.04 0.12* -0.16-0.19* (-0.68,2.34) (-1.05,1.93) (-0.64,1.96) (-0.87,1.45) (-0.15,0.23) (0.01,0.22) (-0.33,0.01) (-0.37,-0.02) Jiangxi (yes=1, no=0) 0.69 0.56-0.24-0.30-0.07 0.02 0.03-0.02 (-0.80,2.17) (-0.92,2.04) (-1.51,1.03) (-1.43,0.83) (-0.25,0.11) (-0.09,0.12) (-0.14,0.19) (-0.19,0.16) Baseline indicator 0.40** 0.45** 0.40** 0.67** 0.27** 0.01 0.33** 0.52** (0.27,0.53) (0.31,0.59) (0.28,0.53) (0.57,0.77) (0.17,0.37) (-0.05,0.07) (0.19,0.46) (0.44,0.60) Constant 42.62** 36.34** 32.15** 17.47** 1.76** 2.57** 2.79** 1.87** (32.16,53.08) (25.74,46.94) (23.86,40.43) (10.27,24.67) (0.97,2.54) (2.12,3.02) (1.95,3.62) (1.13,2.60) Adjusted R 2 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.56 0.16 0.09 0.11 0.48 Figures in the parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. ** p < 0.01, and * p < 0.05. S13

Table S7 Effects of pesticide use on motor nerve conduction (2) (n=218) Variables MPCMAP MDCMAP UPCMAP UDCMAP TPCMAP TDCMAP PPCMAP PDCMAP Glyphosate 0.22 0.24 0.01 0.03 0.06-0.11 0.01 0.06 (-0.04,0.48) (-0.03,0.51) (-0.16,0.18) (-0.13,0.19) (-0.18,0.30) (-0.42,0.20) (-0.17,0.18) (-0.13,0.25) Non-glyphosate herbicides 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01-0.01 0.05 0.05 0.12 (-0.16,0.26) (-0.17,0.26) (-0.11,0.17) (-0.12,0.14) (-0.20,0.18) (-0.20,0.31) (-0.10,0.19) (-0.04,0.27) Chemical lepidopteran insecticides -0.05-0.05 0.00-0.00-0.11-0.09 0.00-0.01 (-0.16,0.07) (-0.17,0.07) (-0.07,0.08) (-0.07,0.07) (-0.21,0.00) (-0.23,0.05) (-0.08,0.08) (-0.10,0.07) Biological lepidopteran insecticides -0.06-0.10 0.12 0.08-0.04-0.19-0.04-0.05 (-0.50,0.37) (-0.54,0.35) (-0.17,0.41) (-0.19,0.35) (-0.44,0.36) (-0.70,0.33) (-0.33,0.25) (-0.36,0.27) Non-lepidopteran insecticides -0.16-0.19 0.07-0.06-0.26-0.51-0.31 0.03 (-0.69,0.37) (-0.73,0.36) (-0.28,0.41) (-0.38,0.27) (-0.76,0.23) (-1.15,0.13) (-0.67,0.05) (-0.36,0.41) Fungicides -0.24-0.20-0.06-0.06 0.18 0.28-0.05-0.08 (-0.49,0.01) (-0.46,0.06) (-0.22,0.10) (-0.21,0.10) (-0.05,0.41) (-0.02,0.58) (-0.22,0.12) (-0.26,0.10) Age (year) -0.02-0.03-0.02-0.01-0.07** -0.06* -0.03* -0.05** (-0.06,0.02) (-0.07,0.01) (-0.04,0.01) (-0.03,0.01) (-0.10,-0.03) (-0.11,-0.01) (-0.06,-0.01) (-0.08,-0.02) Female (yes=1, no=0) -0.42-0.60 0.28 0.10 0.54 1.05 0.38 0.31 (-1.39,0.55) (-1.59,0.39) (-0.36,0.92) (-0.50,0.71) (-0.35,1.42) (-0.10,2.20) (-0.28,1.04) (-0.40,1.02) Body mass index (kg/m2) 0.02 0.02-0.03 0.00-0.09 0.01-0.08* -0.03 (-0.09,0.14) (-0.10,0.13) (-0.11,0.04) (-0.07,0.07) (-0.20,0.02) (-0.12,0.15) (-0.16,-0.01) (-0.11,0.06) Cigarette intake (yes=1, no=0) -0.46-0.73-0.15 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.20-0.04 (-1.29,0.38) (-1.59,0.12) (-0.70,0.40) (-0.49,0.54) (-0.74,0.78) (-0.96,1.03) (-0.36,0.77) (-0.65,0.57) Alcohol consumption (yes=1, no=0) 0.03 0.16 0.15 0.08-0.39 0.07-0.34-0.11 (-0.73,0.80) (-0.62,0.94) (-0.34,0.65) (-0.39,0.55) (-1.09,0.31) (-0.84,0.98) (-0.85,0.18) (-0.66,0.45) Protective measure (yes=1, no=0) 0.57 0.28 0.56 0.39 1.22* 0.21 0.16-0.34 (-0.52,1.65) (-0.83,1.38) (-0.14,1.27) (-0.27,1.05) (0.23,2.20) (-1.08,1.50) (-0.57,0.89) (-1.13,0.45) Guangdong (yes=1, no=0) 0.56 0.58 0.31 0.44-1.31** -1.62** 0.40 0.49 (-0.44,1.57) (-0.44,1.61) (-0.35,0.97) (-0.18,1.06) (-2.23,-0.39) (-2.82,-0.43) (-0.27,1.08) (-0.24,1.22) Jiangxi (yes=1, no=0) -0.11-0.53-1.16** -1.07** -1.72** -1.74** -0.74* -0.96** (-1.09,0.86) (-1.53,0.47) (-1.80,-0.53) (-1.67,-0.47) (-2.62,-0.82) (-2.91,-0.58) (-1.40,-0.08) (-1.67,-0.25) Baseline indicator 0.50** 0.51** 0.47** 0.52** 0.68** 0.74** 0.74** 0.75** (0.40,0.59) (0.42,0.61) (0.38,0.56) (0.44,0.61) (0.59,0.77) (0.64,0.84) (0.66,0.82) (0.66,0.83) Constant 6.09** 7.22** 7.26** 5.75** 10.15** 7.94** 5.35** 4.93** (1.66,10.52) (2.67,11.77) (4.44,10.07) (3.07,8.43) (6.12,14.17) (2.73,13.14) (2.44,8.25) (1.75,8.10) Adjusted R 2 0.36 0.40 0.46 0.51 0.63 0.58 0.69 0.68 Figures in the parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. ** p < 0.01, and * p < 0.05. S14

Table S8 Effects of pesticide use on sensory nerve conduction (n=218) Variables MSCV USCV SSCV MSNAP USNAP SSNAP Glyphosate 0.00 0.16-0.10-0.12-0.06-0.15 (-0.42,0.42) (-0.23,0.56) (-0.55,0.36) (-0.32,0.09) (-0.20,0.09) (-0.64,0.35) Non-glyphosate herbicides -0.34-0.04-0.13 0.08 0.11-0.15 (-0.68,0.00) (-0.36,0.29) (-0.49,0.24) (-0.08,0.25) (-0.01,0.23) (-0.55,0.25) Chemical lepidopteran insecticides -0.19* -0.20* 0.01-0.00 0.04 0.05 (-0.38,-0.00) (-0.38,-0.02) (-0.20,0.21) (-0.10,0.09) (-0.02,0.11) (-0.17,0.27) Biological lepidopteran insecticides 0.22-0.28-0.30-0.04 0.06-0.34 (-0.48,0.92) (-0.94,0.37) (-1.05,0.46) (-0.39,0.30) (-0.18,0.31) (-1.17,0.48) Non-lepidopteran insecticides 0.50-0.45-0.53-0.13 0.06 0.41 (-0.36,1.36) (-1.25,0.36) (-1.46,0.40) (-0.56,0.29) (-0.24,0.36) (-0.61,1.42) Fungicides 0.08-0.16-0.23-0.02-0.20** -0.42 (-0.33,0.48) (-0.54,0.22) (-0.67,0.21) (-0.22,0.18) (-0.34,-0.05) (-0.90,0.06) Age (year) -0.09** -0.16** -0.05-0.05** -0.07** -0.18** (-0.15,-0.03) (-0.22,-0.10) (-0.12,0.02) (-0.08,-0.02) (-0.09,-0.05) (-0.26,-0.10) Female (yes=1, no=0) -0.75 1.43 1.75* 0.06 0.68* -0.28 (-2.31,0.81) (-0.04,2.90) (0.04,3.46) (-0.71,0.83) (0.11,1.25) (-2.12,1.56) Body mass index (kg/m2) -0.24* 0.04 0.16 0.01-0.05-0.26* (-0.42,-0.05) (-0.13,0.22) (-0.04,0.36) (-0.09,0.10) (-0.12,0.01) (-0.48,-0.04) Cigarette intake (yes=1, no=0) 0.27 0.12-0.34-0.34 0.30-0.74 (-1.08,1.62) (-1.15,1.38) (-1.80,1.11) (-1.00,0.32) (-0.17,0.77) (-2.33,0.85) Alcohol consumption (yes=1, no=0) 0.14 0.51-0.69 0.25-0.21-0.28 (-1.10,1.37) (-0.65,1.67) (-2.02,0.64) (-0.36,0.85) (-0.65,0.22) (-1.73,1.18) Protective measure (yes=1, no=0) -0.97-0.90-1.38 0.22 0.36 0.11 (-2.73,0.80) (-2.53,0.74) (-3.28,0.52) (-0.64,1.07) (-0.24,0.97) (-1.95,2.17) Guangdong (yes=1, no=0) -2.04* -0.12-0.45-0.24-0.02 0.89 (-3.66,-0.41) (-1.64,1.39) (-2.20,1.31) (-1.05,0.56) (-0.59,0.55) (-1.03,2.81) Jiangxi (yes=1, no=0) 2.67** 0.56-0.88 0.02 0.12-0.01 (1.08,4.26) (-1.00,2.11) (-2.60,0.85) (-0.76,0.80) (-0.44,0.67) (-1.88,1.86) Baseline indicator 0.63** 0.25** 0.25** 0.68** 0.63** 0.50** (0.53,0.72) (0.14,0.36) (0.14,0.37) (0.59,0.77) (0.55,0.72) (0.40,0.60) Constant 31.89** 47.87** 44.17** 4.44** 6.25** 23.18** (22.80,40.98) (39.35,56.39) (34.54,53.80) (1.17,7.70) (3.84,8.67) (15.19,31.18) Adjusted R 2 0.54 0.26 0.19 0.58 0.66 0.50 Figures in the parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. ** p < 0.01, and * p < 0.05. S15