I * 19 20 Hance 1875 Bretschneider 1876 Moellendorf 1881 1911 1964 1937 50 1959 1958 1959 1962 1964 1982 80 1981-1985 1990 1988 1991 1992 1990 * PD85-31 03
l 20000 GIS 1993 1992 1994a 1994b 1990 12 6 Jiang Hong 1992); 1994 1990 6 1991 1993-1995 1995 1990 1 4 10 10m 2 10 10m 2 8 1 1m 2 1 10x10m 2 3 1 1m 2 3 1 1m 2 188 68 62 58 1990-1995 1956-1980 IV tr + + IV sh = + DCA TWINSPAN Gauch,.1982 Kent 1992 Program, CEP DCA TWINSPAN Cornell Ecological 2 TWISPAN TWINSPAN 1990-1993 125 368 17 TWINSPAN 1991 TWINSPAN DCA 1 Division 1, D1 1990 1993 125 Spiraea pubescens Lespedeza bicolor Carex cajpillaris Leontopodium leontopodioides Sanguisorba officinalis Scabiosa tschiliensis 125 51 74 D2 Betula dahurica Corylus mandshurica Vicia unijuga Acer mono Artemisia gmelinii Prunus armeniaca var.ansu Prunus davidiana 40 34 D3 Thalictrum petaloideum
Galiumverum Potentilla chinensis Saussurea idiostegia Taraxacum platypecidum Potentilla nivea 33 var oblonga 2000m 2000m 18 D4 Aquilegia yabeana Geraniumeriostemon Betula costata 2 38 D5 Vilex negundo var. heterophylla Myripnois dioica 11 23 D6 Poa sp Cleistogenes hancei Echinops latifolius 18 Iris ruthenica var nana D7 Aconitum sinomontanum Carex rigescens Acconitum kusnezoffii + 16 Caragana jubata D9 Maianthemum bifolium Phlomis umbrosa arundinacea Arundinella hirta Dioscorea nipponica Calamagrostis 6 32 D10 Dendranthema lavandulaefofium cordifolia Asparagus schoberioides Fraxinusrkynhophylla Rubia D11 Carex humilis var nana 1 3
1980 5 29 2 1 1100-1700m 20 80 8 5-15m 30 50 Atelia biflora Philadelphus pekinensis Lonicera pekinensis Deutzia grandiflora micranthum Rhamnus utilis Deutzia parviflora Rhododendron Rhodoendron mucronulatum Coronus bretschneideri Rosa bella 30
Dryopteris caeta Athyrium fallaciosum Aguilegia viridiflora Maianthemum bifolium Vicia unijuga Phlomis umbrosa ) Saussurea neoserrata Selaginella sinensis Clematisis 2 20 10-15m 80
1-2 5m 25 Ulmus macro carpa Leptopus chinensis Vilis amurensis 10-80cm Adenophora paniculata 50 Rabdasia japonica Erysium bungei Aleuritopteris argentea Spodiopogon sibiricus 3 Viola variegata Lathyrus odoratus Thalictrum minus var hypoleucum 1000m 3-8m 50 85 0.5 1.5m Lespedezatomentosa Fraxinus bungeana Rhamnus parvif olia Indigofera kirilowii 50cm 20 Se1agine11a sinensis Ploygala tenuifolia Bupleurum chinense thesioides Thoalictrum squarosum Cynanchum 4 800 1600m 6 15m 80% 6m 0.5 1.5m 20 60 Syringa pubescens 30 10km 85 30-100cm Artemisia gmelinii Artemisza subdigiata 30cm Dendrathema chanetii Potentilla
frgarioides Viola odorata Saussurea nivea 5 Allium ramosum Clematis pekinensis 1100-1600m 5-13m 60-90 Sorbus pauhuashanensis Tiliamongolica,T. mandshurica 50-70 1.3-3 3m Evounymus alatus Sambucus sieboldiana Viburnum sargentii 40-100cm Lonicera elisae Schisandra chinensis 10-40cm Cimicifuga dahurica Polygonatum involucratum Allium victorialis) Phryma leptostachya Ligusticum jeholense 40 Carex siderosticta Duchesnea indica Prenanthes masrophylla Viola selkirkii Vicia pseudo-orbus 6 1200-1600 8-15m 80 0 6-1 2m 20 Ribes mandshuricum 10-80cm 70 Saussurea mongolica Adenophora divaricata Pteridium aquilinum Thalictrum baicalensis 7 1000-2000m 1200-1800m
10-17m 80 0.5-2 2m 90 1 5-2m 1m Lonicera chrysantha Rhamnus ussuriensis 5-40cm 70 Pediczilaris resupinata Saussurea reosemata Salix caprea 8 1200-1600m 7-15m 60 0 6-2 5m 60 10-45cm 75 9 600-2400m 1700-2000m 5-8m 85% Spiraea spp 40 5-30cm Ligularia sibirica Ranunculus japonicus 75 Primula maximoviczii 10 1300-1700m 5m 4 5m 85 Rhododendron mucronulatum 50
11 1170m 10m 3m 60-85 Prunus trilota 15-40cm 30 Cerastium caespitosum 12 Bidens parviflora ) 800-1300m 2 4m 80 95 60 1 2m 20 40 Morus mongolica Caragana rosea 30-50 30-60cm Atractylodes lancea Leibnitzia anandria Anemarrhena asphodeloides Lilium pumilum 13 900-1600m 8-15m 70-90 1-3 5m 40 Rhamnus davurica Philadelphus pekinensis 10-80cm 70% Rabdosia japonica var. glaaucocalyx Lathyrus davidii Amphicapaea trisperma tatarinowii Viola acuminata Equisetum pratense Veratrum nigrum Circaea quadrisulcata ) Pscodostellaria davidii Prenanthes
, 14 1100m. 0 4-1.5m 3m. 50-90 100. Ziziphus jujiba var.spinosa ) Wikstuoemia chamaedaphme Grenia biloba ) 30cm 30 Poa spp.) 15 600m 2-4m 8-10m 10cm 600-1200m 60-85% 2-4m 30-50% 50cm Elymus excelsus ) Poa spp Elsholtzia stauntoni) 16 2-4m 600-1300m 70-90% 60% Leptodermis oblonga 30 60 50 80cm Iris dichotoma Saposhinikovia divaricata Adenophora polyantha Heterpappus altaicus Pedicularis striata
17 40-110m 80-90 Cotinus coggygria var cinerea Campylotropis macrocarpa Securinega suffruticosa Lespedeza juncea 80-90 Aconitum sinonontanum 10m 18 1000m 1 5m 95 20 19 1000 1500m 1 5m 80 10-30cm Geranium dahuricum 20 10 1500m 95 1.6m 2 5m 30-65 Artemisia mongolica Rhaponticum uniflorum Lasymachia barystachys 21
1000m 1300-1700m 2 8m 100 5 22 1200-1600m 70-95 1-1.5m. 90 150 cm 30. 23 1 5m 85 Melilotus suaveolens Aconitum barbatum PolygOnum dentatoalatunz 24 3800-4700m 3000-3800m 1980 5km 50-70 2000m Gentiana macrophylla Poa botuyoides Anaphalis hancockii Koeleriacristata var. chinense Primula maximoviczii 25 Papaver nudicaule 1800m 70-85 30-60cm
Rhndiola kirillowii Dracocephalum rupestre 26 20-30 15-25cm 1400-2300m 1700m 27 70-100cm 80-95 100 Artemisia laciniata baicalensis Scutellaria Potentilla chinensis Heracleum moellendorffii Synurus deltoindes Scutellaria scordifolia Gentitianopsis barbata Rumex acetosa Valeriana Officinalis Poa sphondylodes Viola yedoensis Allium ramosum Oxytropis coerulea 1900 m 1300m 28 + + 1700-2000m 30-50cm 70-90 60-70 (Polygonum Medicago lupulina Calamagrostis epigejos divaricatum Viola dissecta Stipa krylovii Thesium chinensis Roegneria pendulina
10cm 70 40-50 29 + + 1800-2300m + 40-60 20-40m Carum carvi Potentilla nivea var. elcogata Potentilla freyniana ) Pedicularis spicata Oxytropis hirta Euphrasia pectinata Parnassia oreophila ) Poa sphodylodes Swertia diluta Melissitus ruthenica Androsace umbellata Allium senescens 4 3 2 400-1000m 1000 1900m 800-1600m 1600-1900 2000 m
1700-2300m + + 6 2. 1958 ( ) 2): 27-53.1959.. 5(2) 159-168.1959.. 1 68-75.1962. )..1990... 1-41.1992..:... 34-39.1992. ). :.1986. )..1989.. :.1994.. 36(:178-186.1991.. 15(3 223-233.1989...1994..,36(1 :884-894.1994.. 36(7 539-551.1992.. 14(4 77-83.1982...1995..,16 3) 225-234.1988.. 12(1 22-30.1964.. 2 183-206.1991.. 15 2) 101-113.1980..
Gauch,Jr.H.G. 1982 1989. Huang Jianhui. 1992.The vegetation in the Dongling Mountain region and its quantative clssification.in Jiang Hong(ed.). Vegetation: Structure, Function and Dynamics.Beijing : Science Press, 68-75 Jiang, Hong, Chen, Lingzhi et al. 1992.The population structure of secondary vegetation in North China. In Jiang Hong (ed.). Vegetation : Structure, Function and Dynamics.Beijing:Science Press,17-24 Kent, M.et al. 1992 Vegetation Description and Analysis. Boca Raton:CRC Press STUDIES ON PLANT COMMUNITY DIVERSITY IN DONGLING MOUNTAIN, BEIJING CLASSIFICATION AND A BRIEF DISCRIPTION Ma Keping Chen Lingzhi Yu Shunli Huang Jianhui Gao Xianming and Liu Canran Institute of Botany chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing l00093 Based on data from 188 plots collected in the period l990-1995 the classification com-position structure,of plant communities and the relationship with its environment in Donling Mountain were delt with in this paper.long-term disturbance of human activities on the vegetation in this area results in that secondary vegetation and plantations have replaced the original vegetation at all. The vegetation in Dongling Mountain can be classified into 5 vegetation types and 29 formations according to the information from sampling plots TWINSPAN result and relevant refferences. Generally speaking the plant communities mentioned above distribute regularly with the environment. In terms of vertical distribution the vegetation in this area can be grouped into 3 zone;1 lowmountain deciduous broadleaved shrub zone 2 midmountain deciduous broadleaved forest zone and 3 sub-alpine meadow zone key words plant community Classificaiion Diversity D istribution Succesion