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1 土壤 (Soils), 2018, 50(1): DOI: /j.cnki.tr 黑土肥料长期定位试验冻土分割搬迁后土壤融合效果评价 1 1* ( ) 0 ~ 20 cm 50 cm 5% 4% 20 ~ 40 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 30 cm 4.3% 3.1% 7.6% 8.3% 0 ~ 40 cm 30 cm 50 cm 40 ~ 100 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 44.2% 0 ~ 20 cm 35.3 ~ 38.0 cm/d 20 cm/d 80 ~ 100 cm cm/d 4 30 cm 50 cm (P<0.05) ph 5 a S A [1-2] 150 a [3] [4-8] 40 a [9] [10] 1 m 1.2 m ( ) (2016YFD ) * ([email protected]) (1982 ) [email protected]

1 149 1 1.1 1.0 m 1.0 m 1.1 m =1.1 m 3 1 1 m 1 m 1.2 m (0 cm) 30 cm 50 cm 0 ~ 20 20 ~ 40 40 ~ 60 60 ~ 80 80 ~ 100 cm 3 1.2 (DIK-1130) DIK [11] Olsen - 1.3 Microsoft Excel 2007 SPSS17.0 Sigmaplot 10.

2 m 1.0 m 1.1 m =1.1 m m 1 m 1.2 m (0 cm) 30 cm 50 cm 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 100 cm (DIK-1130) DIK [11] Olsen Microsoft Excel 2007 SPSS17.0 Sigmaplot 10.0 (LSD) (P 0.05) 0 ~ 20 cm 4.0% 2.6% 6.6% 80 ~ 100 cm 30 cm 50 cm 30 cm 50 cm 4.3% 3.1% 7.6% 图 1 土壤剖面含水量 Fig. 1 Soil moisture contents in different depths m 3 30 cm 50 cm 1 0 ~ 60 cm 30 cm 50 cm 80 ~ 100 cm ~ 20 cm 30 cm 50 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 30 cm 50 cm 图 2 土壤三相组成 Fig. 2 Percentages of solid, liquid and gas phase of soil 2.3 [12-13] 3 30 cm 50 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 1.47 g/cm 3 80 ~ 100 cm 1.22 g/cm 3 30 cm 50 cm 1.32 g/cm 3 ( 4) 0 ~

3 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 30 cm 50 cm 31.9% 20 ~ 40 cm 30 cm 50 cm 27.2% 80 ~ 100 cm 36.1% 30 cm 50 cm 33.0% 0~ 20 cm ( >10% 1) 表 1 土壤容重和田间持水量的变异程度 Table 1 Variation coefficients of bulk densities and field water capacities (cm) 0 ~ ~ ~ cm cm cm cm cm cm 图 3 土壤容重 Fig. 3 Soil bulk densities 图 4 土壤田间持水量 Fig. 4 Field water capacities 2.4 ( 2) 0 ~ 40 cm 30 cm 50 cm 40 ~ 100 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 30 cm 40 ~ 60 cm 60 ~ 80 cm 2.5 [13] 3 0 ~ 20 cm 80 ~ 100 cm cm/d 30 cm 50 cm (P<0.05) 0 ~ 20 cm 4 80 ~ 100 cm 表 2 各层次土壤孔隙状况 Table 2 Soil porosities and pore ratios in different layers (cm) 30 cm 50 cm 30 cm 50 cm 0 ~ (%) 20 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

4 1 151 表 3 不同土层土壤饱和导水率 (cm/d) Table 3 Soil saturated hydraulic conductivities in different layers 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 40 ~ 60 cm 60 ~ 80 cm 80 ~ 100 cm ± 8.65 a 0.86 ± 0.63 b ± a 7.86 ± 3.03 a ± 4.08 a 30 cm ± 3.47 a 4.75 ± 3.70 b 8.74 ± 2.47 b 5.68 ± 3.09 a 4.98 ± 1.61 b 50 cm ± 9.27 a ± 4.08 a 4.29 ± 1.20 b 5.24 ± 1.24 a 3.11 ± 0.69 b P< ph ( 5) ph 60 ~ 100 cm ph 8 50 cm ph ph 50 cm ph ( 5) 0 ~ 20 cm 80 ~ 100 cm Fig. 5 图 5 不同层次土壤有机碳和 ph Soil organic corbon and ph values in different soil layers cm 50 cm 3 ( 6) 0 ~ 20 cm 50 cm 58 mg/kg 20 ~ 40 cm 40 ~ 45 mg/kg 40 cm 60 ~ 80 cm 30 cm 30 cm 50 cm 37.5% ~ 71.4% 30 cm 50 cm (P<0.05) 30 cm 80 ~ 100 cm 50 cm 3 [14] [15-19] [2,10] [20]

5 图 6 不同土层土壤养分情况 Fig. 6 Soil nutrient contents in different layers [21] [22] 0 ~ 40 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm (25 ~ 30 cm) 30 ~ 40 cm [23] 80 ~ 100 cm 30 cm 50 cm 4.3% 3.1% 7.6% 8.3% 4 40 ( 7) [24] 图 7 接缝处地表与环刀样品 Fig. 7 The surface of seam and cutting ring sample [25] [26-27] ph [28-29] ph 60 ~ 100 cm ph 8 38 a ph 50 cm 4 5 a

6 ~ 60 cm 致谢 : 特别感谢黑龙江省农科院刘峰研究员对本文章的修改 [1],,,. [J]., 2009, 42(8): [2],,,. [J]., 2015, 26(10): [3] Jenkinson D S. The rothamsted long-term experiments: Are they still of use?[j]. Agronomy Journal, 1991, 83: 2 10 [4],,,. [J]., 2012, 18(4): [5],,,. [J]., 2017, 31(1): [6],,,. [J]., 2015, 35(2): [7],,,. [J]., 2015, 31(16): [8] Jenkinson D S, Rayner J H. Turnover of soil organic-matter in some of Rothamsted classical experiments[j]. Soil Science, 1977, 123: [9],. [J]., 1998, 29(3): [10],,,. [J]., 2014(16): [11]. [M]. :, 2000 [12], 瑄,,. [J]., 2014, 28(2): [13],. [M]. :, 1993: [14] Bronick C J, Lal R. Soil structure and management[j]. Geoderma, 2005, 12(2): 3 22 [15],,,. [J]., 2006, 20(4): 82 85, 89 [16],,. [J]., 1992, 29(2): [17],,,. [J]., 2009, 46(3): [18],,,. [J]., 2007, 23(12): [19],,,. [J]., 2011, 17(1): [20],,,. [J]., 2003, 11(3): [21] Beven K, Germann P. Macropores and water flow in soils[j]. Water Resources Research, 1982, 18(5): [22] Tuong T, Cabangon R, Wopereis M. Quantifying flow processes during land soaking of cracked rice soils[j]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1996, 60(3): [23] 堃,,,. [J]., 2008, 27(4): [24],,,. [J]., 2003, 22(2): 9 11 [25],,,. [J]., 2016, 48(2): [26],,,. ph [J]., 2008, 29(3): [27],,,. [J]., 2012, 3(4): [28],,,. [J]. ( ), 2005, 33(1): [29],,,. [J]., 2013, 27(2):

7 Assessment on Soil Fusion Effects of Segmented and Removed Frozen Black Soil Under Long-term Located Experiment KUANG Enjun 1, CHI Fengqin 1*, ZHANG Jiuming 1, SU Qingrui 1, ZHOU Baoku 1, GAO Zhongchao 1, ZHU Baoguo 2 (1 Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resource, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Fertilizer Engineering Research Center, Harbin , China; 2 Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang , China) Abstract: In order to evaluate the fusion effects after and before soil being removed from long-term located experiment, one removed soil column was chosen to study the differences of chemical and physical properties between soils in commissure and in different distances from the commissure of soil column. The results showed that the field water capacity of 0 20 cm layer at 50 cm far from the commissure in the soil column was 5% higher but bulk density was 4% lower than those in commissure, respectively, and the variation coefficients were also higher than those in other layers. There was no significant difference between soils in the commissure and in other places in cm layer, however, soil solid rate and bulk density were higher while field water capacity was lower than other layers. In cm layer, soil solid rate and bulk density in the commissure were 4.3% and 8.3% lower while the gas rate was 7.6% higher than those in other places. The porosity in 0 40 cm layer was lower than cm layers, with maximal porosity in cm layer and minimal porosity in cm layer. Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was cm/d in 0 20 cm layer, and decreased with the increase of depth, lower than 20 cm/d in other layers, but soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in the commissure in cm layer was 4 times higher than that of topsoil. The rapid available nutrients in the same layers had no significant differences in different places. Total nitrogen in the commissure were significantly higher than those in other places (P<0.05). ph was increased but available nitrogen and soil organic carbon were reduced with the increase of depth. The segmented and removed soil in the commissure is still loose in the deep layers even after 5 years, and soil fusion effect is decreased with the increase of depth. Key words: Black soil long-term located experiment; Soil segmentation and removal; Soil physical-chemical properties; Bulk density; Field capacity; Porosity

资源环境生态土壤气象

资源环境生态土壤气象中国农学通报 2016,32(14):106-111 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 基于医学 CT 和工业 CT 扫描研究土壤大孔隙结构特征的区别刘勇, 胡霞, 李宗超, 孙贞婷 ( 北京师范大学减灾与应急管理研究院 / 环境演变与自然灾害教