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1 , :,2010, 第三章巫與力 : 南王卑南人的例子 * temaramaw,.,,, Tangkangkar benabulu.,., :, lalawinan,, ;, pursakan, aliyut., ;, * temaramaw Tangkangkar benabulu, % %.,. : :NSC H H , , 1.,.

2 136,.,,,. 關鍵詞 :

3 : 137,, -,.,,,.,,., , 1999; 2001,2003., , Rev. Dominik Schröder, : :, Schröder and Quack 2009[1979]:16; 2001;Quack 1981:10. - :, 2007:12. 1, 2003,2010:., 1 keralaw,.

4 138, 1979:144.,.,,,,,,.,. 2009[1980]; 1989,2008; Quack 1981,1985;Schröder and Quack 2009[1979],, karuma(h)an. 2,.,, Tangkangkar benabulu 3 temaramaw 4 pasaraad raera,.,, 2 karuma(h)an, 1999b- 2009,[ ]. 3 Tangkangkar benabulu, rahan.,. 4, pulingaw, temaramaw Quack 1985:39.,,. 1995: :28 Tangkangkar benabulu temaramaw,,.,, temaramaw, temaramaw,.,,.

5 : 139, ;,. 1935:341 :, pasaraad smaliaw,smaliaw,., raera,,, raera, :364; 2003: ,,., ;,,.,, dual organization, 1989,2010:,[ ].,,, &,,,,.,, 1995:66 73, 80 81; 1976;Cauquelin :98. -

6 140,. 5,,, 2002; 2001,2003; Quack 1985;Schröder 1967:36.,.,, :, lalawinan, 3 1,3 2 ;,, pursakan,, ;,.,,,. 6,,.,.,.,.,,. 5. 6,,.

7 : 141,,.,,,,,. temaramaw? :,.,. 80, , :,,.,,,,., temaramaw?,., 1976.,, temaramaw? temaramaw??.,.,.,,

8 142.,,,, 1976;Cauquelin 2004: , na maelaw. 2 3, 7,,,.,,. kinitaliyan kinitungulan, :31,,,. 2001, kinitungulan,. 9 - abukul, 10. 7,. T,., 1976:54,,. 8, kinitaliyan. TaLi, ;tungul. kitali kitugul,, kinitaliyan kinitungulan. mukiangai 1972; 2003 ;ngai,.,. 9 :,. 1978: abukul,.,, ;.

9 : 143, : ;., ;.,, 1976:29 30, 33, 53.,,. 11,,,., kinitaliyan/kinitungulan -, yaulas., ,,.,. 13 :, ki snay ; snay ;,,, benlin smirap ; 14 mudimus. T 11 Quack : :41. 12,.,.,, :29 31,.,,. Quack benlin semirap,,.

10 144. T,,. T,.,.T,,T,., T.,., H, T., T, T, T.,,, inasi. 15, abukul, H.,, T,. T,,., sinsingan, inasi,.,. 1994: tinar,.,. 16 gamlin,.

11 : 145,, T. T.,., T., :?? T T. T -,. T, mu T.,,T., T,.T. T,T., T T, T,.,,H T T, benlin.,, 17.,. 17,, :35, 48.

12 146,, T, semirap,. H.,,, mudimus.,t. T, 20 T.,.,,.,,., asap, , T, liyalan, 19.,H T.,T,,. 18,,.,, :.,.,,,.,, , tiruwadekal salikid,.,,,,, tarebu.

13 : 147,,, T tinutautau,tau. 20.,,, T.,,.T,.,,,,.T, H,H T. T H T.H,, T 3 7.,,.,,H,,,. lalawinan,., T.,T, kinitaliyan.,t,. T T 20,., :,,,.

14 148. yaulas.., T, raera. 21 T. raera, T H, H,,., H,T, pazkesi. 22, T,T.,T parkipauwa Za aliyut,t T,.parkipauwa,, aliyut.,,.,,,., T ,raera pasaraad.,,, pasaraad pazkesi ;,, raera., pasaraad, raera, C. 22.,, taramaw.

15 : 149, :,,.,,. 23,,. 24,.,. 25,.,.,,,.,,.,., mi-aliyut. 26, 23,. 24, 1976:48;Cauquelin 2004: ,.,,,, &, 2001, :154,,,.,, kini- Taliyan; 1976:33. 26,,.

16 150,,.,,, T, parkipauwa Za aliyut.,,.. 27 T,,, pusabak bini. 28, T,, tinutautau T, T, T, 1976:38 42.,,., T,,..,T, [ ] ;., 27,,.,,.,. 28.sabak,bini,.,,.

17 : 151.,,,. :,,,..,. :,.,. :? : temaramaw,,!,.., 一般族人的除喪儀式,

18 152 kisuwap. 29, muenay,enay.,,.,,.. : 20 - ; ; ;,., puenay. 3 4,,., lalekawan.,,. mulekaw -,.. 2. 巫師的家人的除喪儀式,,.,.,,, ,,., 12,.

19 : 153 :,,,. 30,,,. 3. 過世巫師的除喪儀式,.,,,,.,.,,.,, :, ;,,, 31.,,,.,.,,., :51,,,. 31.,. Schröder 1967, rahan pulingaw.

20 154,,.,,.,,, ;.,.,,????. :,,, Tangkangkar benabulu, na maelaw b,,,., &,.,,.,,,,.,. 32 mazda.law.

21 : 155,, 33..,,, 1995:66 73,80 81; 1976;Cauquelin 1992, 1993:98. 34,, ;, 2002.,,,,,.,,. DekaL.,, :.,. luem, pinamteg,,., ,, 2008: 126; Cauquelin 1992,. 35,,,.,, 2000[1915]:315..

22 156,,,. 2009[1980]; 2010:,.,,,., semirap 3 5, semalikid,,..,,,, pubiyaw., pusabak bini 28.,.,,.,.,,,. 36,., mugamut, 37, 36,,. adi malisan Da dalan. 37,, 2008.

23 : 157 meraparapas.,,.,,,,.,,,, 2002.,,.,,, : &,, : ;,. 38.,,.,,, 3 6,.,,.,, : ;, 38,,.,,.,.

24 158,.,.,,, 39.,,, kibulas bati. bati, kibulas,. kibulas kitugul kitali., 1.,.,,, 1999a,[ ] SARS tinuwadekal DekaL, pasaraad raera,.,,.,, 39,,,.,,.

25 : temaramaw Tangkangkar benabulu, temaramaw, kisuwap 3. Tangkangkar benabulu, 1. semirap semalikid 2. 3.,,..,, pursakan,..., 1. paluki tinutautau 2. puluem 3. tinuwadekal,.,,.,,,,,,,,, :. 1995; 1976;Cauquelin 2004.

26 160,,.,.. 40,,.,,.,,,,,,.,. : Tangkangkar, semirap semalikid,tangkangkar,temaramaw,. pursakan,,., 40., rahan, 2008.,,.

27 : 161,,.,.,,., かみさま 1983; 2003:71 73.,, yaulas Quack 1985:209,.,.,,, :,,., 1976: ,, 2003; 2003a. 42.,,.,,,. 41,,, XX. 42,.

28 162,,.,,.,,.,,?,,., 43,,., pursakan. 1976:43 : : benlin,,,,. 44,,,,. 43,,,,.,,. 44,.

29 : 163, mapelet.,.,, 45,,. 46 : muenay,,,.,,..,,.,,..,. : : penalisi,,. asap.,.,, 45,,.,,.,,.. 46,,,,,.,,,.

30 164.,.,,,., 3 9,3 10,.,,.,. : samguan., puluem ;luem,.,,.,,..,, samguan.,,, samguan,. 47,,. samguan,,,,. 47 alurum,samguan.

31 : 165,,..,,., ;.,.,,,,.,.,,.,.,,. :,,.,.,.,.,. : benabiyal,, :,.,,., yaulas - kinitaliyan.,,.,.,,.

32 166,,..,,.,.,,,, ,,.,, 1976:33,,,,,.,,.,,,,. 2001,2003;Quack 1985;Schröder ,1978; :43 46,,. 49,,,., 1976:32,.

33 : ; 2003a % 2009[1980] ; 1996; 1976;Cauquelin 1992,1993,2004.,,, ;, ;,,, ;,.,.,,. 50, : pulingaw,,, ; bakawugaw,,, 2001;Quack , 2003.,,., lalawinan, 50,, 2001: pulingaw.,, bakawugaw [ ].

34 168 karumahan,, ;,, ;,,,,., ;,.,, 52.,,,,,.. 1. 南王內部權力的集中.,,.,, karuma(h)an 2,.,, puvunaw ;pu,,vunaw Quack ,.,,.

35 : karuma(h)an * -,,,,,,,,,,,,,. :..,, 1999b.,

36 170,. 54,,, [ ]. 2. 南王特有男巫現象的意涵, samguan.,, samguan,,,., 1976:47, 55 samguan :44.,Josaine Cauquelin., udekaw, ,, samguan 25.,samguan, Cauquelin 1993:103.Cauquelin, Roberte N. Hamayon 1994, 19.,,, shamanistic ,2001,2002,,. 55,, :., 43, 5. 56, udekaw,.

37 : 171 hunting society shaman s society, Cauquelin 2004:184ff. Cauquelin,. 57,,Cauquelin,.,, :,?,?,samguan dalyalep raera, 58 yawan.?,samguan ,,. samguan,,., samguan?, samguan, Cauquelin,. samguan, 57,Cauquelin :, ;,,. Cauquelin 2004, Chen , dalyalep raera :dalyalep raera,, raera, dalyalep ;dalyalep raera 1998:300.

38 172 biruwa. 59,? 1965, , banglan,,,, George Taylor, 1992: ,, pasaraad raera 2000[1915] :370,.,, ,..,, ; puyuma., dual organization ,2009,2010:,., raera,, yawan, pasaraad.,, 59,

39 : 173 i baywan i banglan, sakupan 1929.,,, samguan, 1929,.,samguan,,, 2010:, samguan., raera 1935; 2001, samguan dalyalep raera.,,.,,.,1929,. -,.,, 1989,, 1965:120;

40 :53, c., 1929, 1989,2002.,samguan, kinitaliyan, &, samguan,, 1999b, c..,,.,, kinitaliyan, 1978; 1996; 1995;Quack 1985 ; 1976; 2003 ; 1995;Cauquelin 1993 ; 2009; 1990 ; 1983, 2003;Cauquelin 1993.,,,,.

41 : 175,. temaramaw/pulingaw shamanism shaman, 60 shaman(ism).,, Mircea Eliade šaman xaman, shaman(ism)., Kehoe 2000: ; Atkinson 1992;Znamenski 2004.,,,.,,,.,,, :?,,,.,., hierarchy, Gelles 1995;Turner 1991:217, Turner 1984 &, 60,Schröder shmanism,, Quack 1985,.

42 176, Bellwood, Fox and Tryon 1995; Fox 1996,2008;Jolly and Mosko 1994., raera,, 2003,[ ].,?,,,., samguan, -,,, Jolly and Mosko 1994;Thomas and Humphrey 1994.,,., 61.,??,, 61, 14., 11.,,,, 2010, 3.,, 1, , 7, 4 5.

43 : ,,,, ,.,, 1999a,. 65, :,. 62, 1995 T 2010.,,, :18 : lavat, muteha., lavat.. 64 semirap,,., ;,,. 65.,.

44 178 台灣原住民巫師與儀式展演圖 3 1 南王巫師與巫屋圖 3 2 利嘉巫師跟她的 karumahan 祖靈屋圖 3 3 人面紋樣的巫鈴圖 3 4 巫師在卑南大溪為族人舉行儀式

45 第三章巫與力:南王卑南人的例子 179 圖 3 5 舉行部落清掃儀式前, 巫師在 pasaraad 家祖靈屋前通知神祇圖 3 6 祭師在 raera 家祖靈屋行祭圖 3 7 成巫儀式一景巫師依巫齡站成一排最左者為巫首

46 180 台灣原住民巫師與儀式展演圖 3 8 新成巫者為看守 raera 祖靈屋的該家主人舉行模擬的治病儀式圖 3 9 製作巫袋舉行慶巫會圖 3 10 資深巫師的巫袋

47 : Daramaw:. : (1): : :. 16: のの. 1(1): プュマのにみられるビンロウジからへ. と学, : ,, : & /26: & : ,, : & : :.

48 [1915],,,. : /40: BaLiwakes,. : : の. : のと. のの, の, :. 2009[1980]. 13: mugamut. 14:13 24, :. 67: a :.,, :. 1999b?. 87: c : :

49 : : Community :.,, : :. 59: ,, :. 2008??.,,, :,Dominik Schröder Anton Quack,, iii xxiv. : :. [ ] : karuma(h)an.. : / 36: :. 84: : :17 47& 2003 Mukiangai: temaramaw..

50 プユマピナシキのビンロウジはビンロウジ. 5: プユマカサウマカンカルマハン. 29: プユマカサウマカンカルマハン. 30: プユマカサヴマカンカルマハン. 31: a プユマのの : トウマラマオをめぐる. 7: b プユマにおけるとその. 18: :. Atkinson, Jane Monnig 1992 Shamanisms Today. Annual Review of Anthropology 21: Bellowood, Peter, James J. Fox and Darrell Tryon, eds The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Canberra: The Australian National University. Cauquelin, Josiane 1992 La ritualite puyuma (Taiwan). Bulletin de l Ecole Francaise l Extreme- Orient 79(2): The Impact of Japanese Colonialism on Puyuma (Taiwan) Shamanism. In Shamans and Cultures. M. Hopp al and K. D. Howard, eds. Pp Budapest: International Society for Trans-Oceanic Research The Aborigines of Taiwan. The Puyuma: From headhunting to the modern world. London: Routledge Curzon. Chen, Wen-te 2006 Book Review on Josiane Cauquelin s The Aborigines of Taiwan: The Puyuma; From Headhunting to the Modern World. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 162(4):

51 : 185 Hamayon, Roberte N Shamanism in Siberia: From Partnership in Supernature to Counterpower in Society. In Shamanism, History, and the State. Nicholas Thomas and Caroline Humphrey, eds. Pp Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. Kehoe, Alice Beck 2000 Shamans and Religion: An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking. Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc. Fox, James J Introduction. In Origins, Ancestry and Alliance: Explorations in Austronesian Ethnography. James J. Fox and Clifford Sather, eds. Pp Canberra: The Australian National University Installing the Outsider Inside: The Exploration of an Epistemic Austronesian Cultural Theme and Its Social Significance. Indonesia and the Malay World vol. 36, no. 105: (Special Issue: Stranger- Kings in Indonesia and Beyond). Gelles, Paul H Equilibrium and Extraction: Dual Organization in the Andes. American Ethnologist 22(4): Jolly, Margaret, and Mark S. Mosko, eds Transformations of Hierarchy: Structure, History and Horizon in the Austronesian World. History and Anthropology 7(1 4) (Special Issue). Quack, Anton 1981 Das Wort der Alten: Erzählungen zur Geschichte der Pujuma von Katipol (Taiwan). Haus Volker und Kulturen. :,. : Priesterinnen, Heilerinnen Schamaninnen? Die Poŕingao der Puyuma von Katipol (Taiwan). Dietrich Reimer Verlag.?: Poringao,. :. Schröder, Dominik 1967 The Puyuma of Katipol (Taiwan) and Their Religion. Bulletin of the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology 29/30:11 39.

52 186 Schröder, Dominik, and Anton Quack 2009[1979] : Kopfjagdriten der Puyuma von Katipol (Taiwan): Eine Textdokumentation. Haus Volker und Kulturen. :. Thomas, Nicholas and Caroline Humphrey, eds Shamanism, History, and the State. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. Turner, Ternece 1984 Dual Opposition, Hierarchy, and Value: Moiety Structure and Symbolic Polarity in Central Brazil and Elsewhere. In Différences, Valeurs, Hiérarchie: Textes Offerts à Louis Dumont. Jean-Claude Galey, ed. Pp Paris: Editions de l Ecole des hautes etudes en sciences socials Review on The Attraction of Opposites: Thought and Society in the Dualistic Mode. American Anthropologist 93(1): Znamenski, Andrei A General Introduction Adventures of the Metaphor: Shamanism and Shamanism Studies. In Shamanism: Critical Concepts in Sociology, Vol. 1. Andrei A. Znamenski, ed. Pp.xix lxxxvi. London: Routledge Curzon.

53 : 187 Shamanism and Power: The Case of the Puyuma, Eastern Taiwan Wen-te Chen Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica This article is concerned with shamanism in puyuma, a community of the pinuyumayan people of eastern Taiwan, and moves beyond its scope to reconsider the distinctive features, among the people as a whole, of their shamanistic practices I first describe the process of becoming a shaman, with particular emphasis on the fact that a necessary requirement for a woman to become a shaman is that she should be proved to be possessed by an ancestress (or an ancestor, though quite rare), who was also a shaman during her or his lifetime. This feature is not found among other kinds of specialists, nor are ritual paraphernalia, such as the ritual bag and ritual house, which are emblems of the shaman. Next I compare the shaman and other kinds of specialist, and point out the commonality, complementarity and differentiation regarding their respective ritual practices. In light of the indigenous notion of power, particularly as related to ancestors, I conclude by noting that the shamanistic features of the pinuyumayan people cannot be understood apart from the socio-cultural context and history, and re-interpret the implications of the annual shaman celebration and cases of male shamans found exclusively among the puyuma community. Keywords: shamanism, ancestral power, ritual house, pinuyumayan (puyuma), Taiwan

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