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琨件曹
9 years ago
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1 Abstract In 1980s the discussion about the burdens of the intelligentsia gave prominence to the contradiction between brain work office job and manual labour household chores making the issue of household chores a matter of class difference rather than gender difference. By re-reading the much-acclaimed novelette of that period At Middle Age we have come up with the following questions how did household chores become a burden? Why was Lu Wenting viewed as an intellectual and never as a female? Who should have been the ideal and adequate bearer of the household chores? How did the discussion about the burdens of the intelligentsia set the stage for the large influx of maidservants from the rural area? To a small number of families hiring a housekeeper is a means of using class difference as a solution to gender difference in household labour division. How the mainstream society understands defines and deals with household labour reflects the restructuring of the social differences between brain and brawn urban and rural and male and female in the process of modernization in the era of reform. Keywords brain work manual labour gender class housekeeper

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4 20 80 輥輲訛輥輯訛 80 輥輳訛輥輱訛 1980 Emily Honig Gail Hershatter 輥輴訛輥輰訛 106

5 輥輵訛 organic 107

6 50 17 輥輷訛輥輶訛

7 輦輱訛 / Tomlins oikos / / / Boydston 輦輮訛輦輲訛 Christine Delphy 輦輯訛輦輰訛 109

8 85% 輦輳訛輧輯訛輦輴訛輧輰訛 80 輦輵訛 80 8 輦輶訛輦輷訛輧輲訛 5.2 輧輮訛輧輱訛 2001 輧輳訛 110

9 輧輷訛輨輮訛輧輴訛輨輯訛輧輵訛 70% 輨輰訛輧輶訛 111

10 輨輱訛 1984 輨輲訛 sociality / 112

11 輨輳訛輨輴訛 113

12 輨輵訛輩輯訛輨輶訛輨輷訛輩輰訛 80 輩輱訛輩輮訛 114

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15 Wang Shanping 輩輳訛 ~ 6 Wang Shanping From Country to the Capital A Study of Wuwei-Beijing Female Migrant Group in China Master s thesis Oxford Polytechnic % 3.3% http // % Beijing in Need of Housemaids % 10% % More Shanghai Families are Em No. 1 pp ploying Maids South China Morning Post September A Yan Hairong Rurality and Labor Process Autonomy The Question of Subsumption in the Waged Labor of Domestic Service Cultural Dynamics 2006 Vol

16 China After Socialism Berkeley University of California Press 1999 p and Work in Rural Shaanxi in the 1950s in Barbara En- twisle & Gail E. Henderson eds. Re-drawing Bound- aries Work Households and Gender in China Tani- Berkeley University of California Press 2000 pp Barlow Zhishifenzi Chinese Intellectuals and Power Dialectical Anthropology pp Joel Andreas Mass Recommendation of Worker- Peasant Soldier Students during the Chinese Cultural Revolution paper presented at the Association of Asian Studies Conference April Chicago. Shen Rong At Middle-age Chinese Literature Vol pp 輥輯訛 Gladys Yang A New Woman Writer Shen Rong and Her Story At Middle Age Chinese Literature Vol p. 70. 輥輰訛 Emily Honig & Gail Hershatter Personal Voices Chinese Women in the 1980 s Stanford Stanford University Press p 輥輱訛輦輱訛 Delia Davin Women and the Party in Revolutionary 1986 輥輲訛 Shen Rong At Middle-age p. 40. 輥輳訛 Ibid p. 23. 輥輴訛 Jacques Donzelot The Policing of Families Jeane Boydston Home and Jacques Donzelot The Policing of Families Work Housework Wages and the Ideology of Labor in Baltimore and London The Johns Hopkins University the Early Republic New York Oxford University Press Press 1979 輥輵訛 42 輥輶訛 20 輥輷訛 Tani E. Barlow Theorizing Women Funu Guojia Jiating Chinese Women Chinese State Chinese Family Genders Vol pp 輦輮訛 Lisa Rofel Other Modernities Gendered Yearnings in 輦輯訛 Gail Hershatter Local Meanings of Gender 輦輰訛 Lisa Rofel Hegemony and Productivity Workers in Post-Mao China Marxism and the Chinese Experience Issues of Socialism in a Third World Socialist Society in Arif Dirlik & Maurice Meisner eds. Armonk N.Y. M. E. Sharpe 1989 pp Tamara Jacka Women s Work in Rural China Change and Continuity in an Era of Reform Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1997 China Oxford Clarendon Press 輦輲訛 Christopher Tomlins Subordination Authority Law Subjects in Labor History International Labor and Working Class History Vol p 輦輳訛 Christine Delphy The Main Enemy in Close to Home translated by Diana Leonard Amherst University of Massachusetts Press 1984 p. 90. 輦輴訛 Delphy 輦輳訛 71 ~

17 輦輵訛 ~ 39 輦輷訛輧輮訛 Emily Honig & Gail Hershatter Personal Voices p. Wally Seccombe The Housewife and Her Labour under Capitalism New Left Review Vol pp Wally Seccombe Domestic Labour Reply to Critics New Left Review Vol pp Margaret Coulson Branka Maga 觢 and Hilary Wainwright The Housewife and Her Labor under Capitalism a Critique New Left Review Vol pp Arlie Hochschild & Anne Machung The Second Shift Working Parents and the Revolution at Home New York N.Y. Viking 1989 輧輱訛 Croll Elizabeth Chinese Women since Mao Armonk NY M. E. Sharpe 1983 pp Anderson 輧輲訛 Gladys Yang A New Woman Writer Shen Rong and Her Story At Middle Age Chinese Literature p. 68. Bridget Anderson Servants and Slaves Europe s Domestic Workers Race & Class Vol. 39 No p. 37 the female sex Tani Barlow Politics and Protocols of Funü unmaking National Woman in Christina K. Gilmartin et al. / / eds. Engendering China Women Culture and the Ehrenreich Hochschild State Cambridge Mass. Harvard University Press pp 輧輵訛 6 Barbara Ehrenreich 輧輶訛 Emily Honig & Gail Hershatter Personal Voices pp. & Arlie R. Hochschild eds. Global Woman Nannies Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy New York Metropolitan Books 2002 p. 12 輦輶訛輨輮訛 Dai Jinhua Rewriting Chinese Women Gender 259. 輧輯訛 http // htm % 54.4% 49.5% 50.5% 輧輰訛 ~ 8 輧輳訛 Ibid. 輧輴訛輧輷訛

18 Production and Cultural Space in the Eighties and Nineties in Mayfair Mei -Hui Yang eds. Spaces of Their Own Women s Public Sphere in Transnational China Minneapolis and London University of Minnesota Press 1999 pp Lisa Rofel Yearnings Television Love and Melodramatic Politics in Contemporary China American Ethnologist Vol. 21 No p. 713 輨輯訛 No pp 輩輮訛輨輳訛輨輰訛輩輱訛 ~ ~ 20 輨輱訛 Spivak Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak Speculations on Reading Marx After Reading Derrida in Berek Attridge Geoff Bennington & Robert Young eds. Post- Structuralism and the Question of History Cambridge and New York Cambridge University Press 1987 p. 52 proper 輨輲訛輨輳訛 ~ 62 輨輴訛 56 輨輵訛 55 輨輶訛 57 輨輷訛 57 Lisa Hoffman Guiding College Graduates to Work Social Constructions of Labor Markets in Dalian in Nancy Chen et al. eds. China Urban Ethnographies of Contemporary Culture Durham Duke University Press 1994 pp Ann Anagnost The Corporeal Politics of Quality Public Culture Vol. 16 輩輯訛輩輰訛輩輲訛輨輳訛 62 輩輳訛 George Bernard Shaw Pygmalion Liza gentleman s gentleman 120

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2009/ % 輥輯訛 2006 ~ 輥輰訛 18.0% % 4 / 1/ * [ / ] [ ] Abstract This essay studies various social groups such as those of women children and elders at the family and the community level in the rural areas with an attempt to analyze how social mobility