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1 1965,,, 20,,,,, 60,,,,,,,,,,, 2004, 2. 88, 3400, 12% ;, 7,,, :, ; :, ; :, , : (Congressional Budget Office, The Role of Imm igrants in the U. S. LaborMar2 ket ), , http: / /www. cbo. gov/ftpdocs/68xx/doc6853 / Imm igration. pdf,
2 127, 1965,,,,,,, , , , , , 10, , , ;, 1991, , ,,,,, 20 50, 67. 7%, 80, 12%, 85%, 50,, : ( ) ; 90,,,,,,,,, , 67. 6, 63. 3% ; , 67. 4, 63. 3% ; , 49. 2, 69. 7%,,,, , ; ;, , 930,,, 1990, 26% 25 9 ; , 22. 2%, 4. 7%,,,,, : 2004 (Office of Imm igration Statistics, 2004 Yearbook of Imm igration Statistics ), 5, ht2 tp: / /www. dhs. gov/xlibrary/assets/ statistics/ yearbook /2004 /Yearbook2004. pdf, D. - : : ( Frank D. Bean and Stephanie Bell - Rose, Imm igration and O pportunity: Race, Ethnicity, and Em ploym ent in the U nited S tates), 1999, 7 P. : : ( James P. Sm ith and Barry Edmonston, ed., The N ew Am ericans: Econom ic, D em ographic, and Fiscal Effects of Imm igration), 1997, 28 : ( Congressional Budget Office, A Descrip tion of the Imm igrant Population ), , ht2 tp: / /www. cbo. gov/ftpdocs/60xx/doc6019 / Imm igrant. pdf, A. : (Maria A. Padilla, Impact of the Mexican Imm igrant Labor Force in the United States Economy ), http: / /www1. app state. edu / stefanov/ student2002. pdf, :,
3 ,,,,,,,, 1965,,,,,,, %, %, %, %,, ( Pete W ilson) ( Gary Becker),,,,, 1995, 82%,,, 60% 70%, 40%, 20%, : ( ),,? ( ),?, ;,, 1990,, 1995 (National Research Council),, 12,,,, ,,, 1985 :,, : : (N icolaus M ills, ed., A rguing Imm igration: The Debate over the Changing Face of Am erica), 1994, 31 : (N icholas Capaldi, ed., Imm igration: D ebating the Issues), 1997, 172 L. - : : ( Francisco L. R ivera - Batiz, M igration and the LaborMarket: Sectoral and Regional Effects in the U. S ), , http: / /www. columbia. edu / flr9 / imm ig. pdf, P. : : ( The Imm igration D ebate: S tudies on the Econom ic, D em ographic, and Fiscal Effects of Imm igration), 1998
4 129 (Center for Imm igration Studies) 2001 ( the Pew H ispanic Center), ( The U rban Institute) (National Bureau of Econom ic Research),,, ;,, 1994,?,,,,, ( ),,,,, L.,,,, R ,,,,,,,,, J., 1970,,,, 17%, 15,, 30 11%,,,,, M. :? (Vernon M. B riggs, Jr. and Stephen More, S till an O pen D oor? U. S. Imm igration Policy and the Am erican Econom y), 1994 L. : (Julian L. Simon, The Econom ic Consequences of Imm igration), 1989, 38 J. : ( George J. Borjas, ed., Issues in the Econom ies of Imm igration), 2000, J. : : ( George J. Borjas, Friends ors trangers: The Im pact of Imm igrants on the U. S. Econom y), 1990, 45 46
5 ,,,, 1970 ( ),,, 20, ( ) ( ) 20,,,, A.,,,,, 2002,,,,, 1970, 10 27%, 10%, 5%,,, 10 16%, ( ),,, 1953, (Bernard) :,,, J. : R. : (Barry R. Chiswick, The Effect of Americanization on the Earnings of Foreign - Born Men ), ( The Journal of Political Econom y) 86, 5, , J. : ( George J. Borjas, The Econom ies of Imm igration ), ( Journal of Econom ic L iterature) XXX II, , A. : ( Sherrie A. Kossoudji, English Language Abil2 ity and LaborMarket Opportunities of H ispanic and East A sian Imm igrantmen ), (Journal of Labor Econom ics) 6, 2, T. : (A lberto Da vila, Marie T. Mora, English Profi2 ciency and Imm igrant Entrep reneurial Income in the U. S. ),, , http: / /www. econ. duke. edu / smpe /pdf - files/davmora. pdf, J. : : ( George J. Borjas, Heaven s Door: Imm igration Policy and the Am erican Econom y), 1999, J. : (Augustine J. Kposowa, The Im pact of Imm igration on the United S tates Econ2 om y), 1998, 26
6 131,, 1980,,, 7%, :, ;, 2005,,,, ( Greater Twin Cities United W ay),,,,,, , 18 64, 10%, 3% 4%, 2% 3%,, :,,,,, ;,,,,,, J. :, ( Raymond J. Keating, A Nation of Imm igrants, An Economy of Imm igrants ), , http: / /www. sbsc. org. media /pdf/sbscpolicyseries4 imm igrant. pdf? Formmode = &ID = 0, : (David Card, The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the M iam i Labor Market ), ( Industrial and Labor Relations Review ) 43, 2, :? (David Card, Is the New Imm igration Really So Bad? ), (National Bureau of Econom ic Research) 11547, , http: / /www. nber. org/papers/w11547, : ( Greater Twin Cities United W ay, Imm igrants and the Economy ), , http: / / www. unitedwaytwincities. org/news/download / Imm igration% Econom ics. pdf, J. : : ( George J. Borjas, The Labor Demand Curve is Downward Slop ing: Reexam ining the Impact of Imm igration on the Labor Market ), , http: / / cep. lse. ac. uk / sem i2 narpapers/ BOR. pdf, :? ( Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Does Imm igration AffectW ages? ), , http: / /cep. lse. ac. uk /Sem inarpapers/ BoR. pdf,
7 ,,, 10%, 2%,,, J.,,, ;, ( ),,,,, 90, (Rea) ( Park) (Donald Huddle),, 9. 47, 1. 39,,, 425, ( Fix) ( Passel),, 500, ,,,,,, 1484, 3463, 232, 1178,,, , 3 4,, ,,,,,,,,, : 23, : , : ( Kristopher Kaneta, Imm igration and Its Effects on U. S. Labor Markets ), http: / / titan. iwu. edu / econ /ppe /1999 /kris. pdf, ; P. : :, 6 : (Jean Baldwin Grossman, The Substitutability of Natives and Imm i2 grants in Production ), ( The Review of Econom ics and S tatistics) 64, 4, J. :, 99 J. P. L. J. E. : ( J. Samuel, P. L. Martin, J. E. Taylor, The Jobs and Effects of M igrantworkers in Northern America - Three Essays ), http: / /www. ilo /org/public / English /p rotection / m igrant/download / imp10. pdf, P. : :,
8 133,, 1990, 8. 4%, 10. 1%, 13. 1% : ;,,,,,, ( )?,,,,,,,,,? 90,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,, 25 64, 30% 2%, 63% 6,,,, :,,,,,,, J. : : ( George J. Borjas, Imm igration and W elfare: ), NBER 4872, , http: / /www. nber. org/papers/w4872, M. :?, 51 S. D. : (Daniel S. Hamermesh and Frank D. Bean, ed., Help or H indrance?: The Econom ic Im plications of Imm igration for African Am ericans), 1998, 12 D. - : :, 14 P. : :, 224
9 ,,,,, ( Production Theory) ( Human Cap ital Theory) (Neoclassical Trade Theory) (Dual LaborMarket Theory), ( ),,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, (Robert Park),,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( Shultz) (Becker),,,,,,, A. W. A. : : ( Jorge A. Hustamante, Clark W. Reyholds and Ra la. H inojosa O jeda, ed., U. S. 1992, 367 A. :, M exico Relations: LaborM arket Interdependence), D. - : :, 35 36
10 135,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) (Heckscher) (Ohlin),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) (M ichael Piore) 1979, ( Segmented labor market theory),, (p rimary sector) ( secondary sector), ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, J. :, 9 12 J. P. L. J. E. : A. W. A. : :, 273
11 , ( area app roach) ( national app roach),,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,, 2005,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, :,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : J. : ( George J. Borjas, Native Internal M igration and the Labor Market Impact of Imm igration ), NBER 11610, , http: / /www. nber. org/papers/w11610,
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1WG 1 2012 6 29 2 12/06/29 1 2 Baldwin (2011) 19801 2 2 12/06/29 2 The 2 nd Unbundling The 2 nd unbundling, i.e., international division of labor in terms of production processes and tasks, has developed
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西方三大霸权的战略比较——兼论美国制度霸权的启示意义•
- 1 Pax Americana Pax Romana Pax Britannica 2 3 20 60 4 1 1998 4 2 Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power, New York: Basic Books, 1990, p.50. 3 Immanuel Wallerstein, Three
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全球化与中国国内劳动力流动：新趋势与政策含义
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00-5558 208 03-0089- 207 3 7 C92.4 E 20 90 2 5 8 949 208-05-0 / 0087 Fei Xiaotong The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Theory edited by Brian H. Turner published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 207. DOI
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标题
南京农业大学学报( 社会科学版) 第 16 卷 单 边 委 托 与 模 糊 治 理 :基 于 乡 村 社 会 的混合关系研究 田雄,王伯承 摘摇 要:当前,乡村社会利益主体之间关系呈现出复杂多变而非理性合作的态势 其中,县乡 干 部 与 村干部形成 共事与共谋冶 关系,村 干 部 与 村 民 形 成 支 持 互 利 冷 漠 和 反 对 冶 等 四 种 关 系 乡 村 利 益主体之间多种混合关系形成的
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