3 : a b c 3 d a b c d ; Dlussky 1969 ; Hglldobler et 1 Fig. 1 Specimens collecting sites in northwestern China ( Represent sa

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1 48 (3) : A cta Zoologica S inica 3 ( ) : 15 ; 9 ; ; 4 ; 5 ; 15 ; : ( 4 : ) : ( ) ( ) (34 41 N E) 90 km 2 ( 112 ) ( ) % (Agosti et al ; Bolton 1995a b ; ( ) : E2mail : ioz. ac. cn

2 3 : a b c 3 d a b c d ; Dlussky 1969 ; Hglldobler et 1 Fig. 1 Specimens collecting sites in northwestern China ( Represent sampling sites) al ; 1999 ; Seifert 1992 ; ; 1995 ; a b ; 1996 ; 1997) ; 5 ; ; ; 15 ; ( 2) ( ) ; Chang Y. D. and D. H. He 2002c A new species of Plagiolepis Mayr 1861 ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Formicinae) from northwestern China. Entomotaxonomia (in press). [ 2002c ( : : ). ( ). ] 33 Chang Y. D. and D. H. He 2002d A new species of L asi us Fabricius 1804 ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Formicinae) from Gansu China. Entomotaxonomia ( ). [ 2002d ( : : ). ( ). ] 333 Xia Y. J A preliminary study of Formica ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Xinjiang and adjacent areas. Master Thesis Shaanxi Normal University. [ ]

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7 Fig. 2 The ant fauna in Northwest China : 6 : : ( a) ( b) ( c) ( d) : : : : [ respectively represents 6 ant fauna regions in Northwest China of which are loess plateau ant region ( ) desert ant region ( ) subdivided into desert grassland ant subregion ( a) steppe desert ant subregion ( b) typical desert ant subregion ( c) and desert oasis ant subregion ( d) desert swamp ant region ( ) high2 cold shrub ant region ( ) Liupan Mountains ant region ( ) and Helan Mountains ant region ( ) ] 17 sp sp11 sp12 ( ) 4 ( a) 4 27 ; ; ( ) 7 sp13 sp13 ( ) ( b) 11 ( c) 18 2 ( ) ( d) ( )

8 3 : q 1 ( 2) 13 q 2 y 1 = x x x x x x x x x 9 y 2 = x x x x x x x x x 9 ( %) ( 3) Table 2 Species and distribution of ants in Helan Mountains ( Messor aciculat us) ( Tet ramorium caespit um) ( Camponot um japonicus) ( Camponot um herculeanus) ( L asi us alienus) ( Formica sanguinea) ( F. candi da) ( F. japonica) ( Formica breviscapa) ( F. f usca) ( Cataglyphis aenescens) ( Leptothorax galeanus) ( L. brevispi nus) Distribution Elevation (m) degree Slope < a b < a b a b a a a a a a a a b a a [ same as table 1 ] a : Southward b : Northword 3 Fig. 3 Ecological species groups of the ants in northwestern China 1 79 : : 10 [ 1 79 represents for each antspecies in table 1 represents for 10 ecological species groups] : : + ( )

9 sp. : 4 sp. Fig. 4 The two2dimentional ordination of ant communities in 9 types of grassland sp. sp. 1 sp ; ( ) ; ( ) ( 1959) 6 4 ( 1987b ; 3 TG: ( ) DG: SG: TD : HF : HS : DS : DF : ( ) DO : ( ) [ TG: Typical grassland (loess plateau area) ant community DG: Desert grassland ant community SG: Steppe grassland ant community TD : Typical desert ant community HF : Humid forest ant community HS : High2cold shrub ant community DS : Desert swamp ant community DF : Desert forest ( Helan Mountains) ant community DO : Desert oasis. ant community. Desert grassland steppe desert typical desert and desert oasis ant communities are significantly close to each other to form an integrated group. Desert forest ( Helan Mountains) ant community is however far away from the above integrated group. isolated from other each ] the other four ant communities are 1992 ; 1997)

10 3 : 331 ( 1992 ; 1987a) ( References) Agosti D. and C. A. Collingwood 1990 Review and reclassification of Cataglyphis ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae) J. N at. Hist. 24 (6) : Bolton B1 1995a A new genera Cataglyphis of the ants of the world Massachusetts : Harvard University Press. Bolton B1 1995b A taxonomic and zoogeographical cencus of the ant taxa ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae). J. N at. Hist. 29 : Chang Y. D. and D. H. He 1998 The ant species and distribution in the desert regions of Ningxia. Journal of Ni ngxia A gricult ural College 19 (4) : [ (4) : ] Chang Y. D. and D. H. He 2001a A taxonomic study of the ant genus Myrmica Latreille ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Myrmicinae) in northwest regions of China. Journal of Ni ngxia A gricult ural College 22 (3) : 1 91 [ 2001a ( : : ). 22 (3) : 1 9. ] Chang Y. D. and D. H. He 2001b A taxonomic study of the ant genus Tet ramori um Mayr ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Myrmicinae). of Ni ngxia A gricult ural College 22 (1) : 1 71 [ 2001b ( : : ). 22 (1) : 1 7. ] Chang Y. D. and D. H. He 2001c A taxonomic study of the ant genus Leptothorax Mayr ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Myrmicinae). of Ni ngxia A gricult ural College 22 (2) : 1 41 [ 2001c ( : : ). 22 (2) : 1 4. ] Journal Journal Chang Y. D. and D. H. He 2001d Three new record species of the ant genus Myrmica ( Hymenoptea : Formicidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Si nica 26 (3) : 256 [ 2001d ( : : ). 26 (3) : 256. ] Chang Y. D. and D. H. He 2002a Taxonomic study of the ant genus Formica ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Formicinae) in Northwest China with descriptions of nine new species and four new records. 9 4 ( : : ). 23 (1) : ] Zoological Research 23 (1) : [ 2001a Chang Y. D. and D. H. He 2002b Three new species of the ant genus of Cataglyphis Foerster ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Formicinae) in Northwest China. Zoological Research 23 (1) : [ 2002b ( : : ). 23 (1) : ] Chang Y. D. D. H. He and Q. X. Li 1999 A preliminary study on behavioral ecology of dominant species in the desert regions of Ningxia. Journal of Ni ngxia A gricult ural College 20 (1) : [ (1) : ] Dlussky G. M The ants of the genus Prof ormica Ruzsky of the USSR and contiguous countries ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Zool. Zh. 48 : Hglldobler B. and E. O. Wilson 1990 The Ants. Cambridge : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Liu M. T. J. R. Wei Z. Wei and H. He 1999 Faunal studies of ants in Shaanxi Province. Southwest Forest ry College B ulleti n 14 (3) : [ (3) : ] Ma S. J Survey of Ecological Geology of Insect of China. Beijing : Science Press. [ :. ] Ren G. D. X. M. Zhu and H. Y. Zhang 1997 A study of fauna of Tenebroidae (Coleoptera) in Ningxia. Jounal of Northwest A gricult ure 6 (2) : [ (2) : ] Seifert B A taxonomic revision of the Myrmica species of Europe Asia Minor and Caucasia ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae). A bh. Ber. N at ur. Goerlitz 66 (5) : Tang J. S. Li E. Y. Huang B. Y. Zhang and Y. Chen 1995 Economic Insect Fauna of China Hymenoptera : Formicidae (1). Beijing : Science Press [ 1995 : ( ). : ] Wu J. and C. L. Wang 1995 The Ant of China. Beijing : China Forestry Publishing House [ : ] Xia Y. J. and Z. M. Zheng 1997a A new record genus and a new species of ant. ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Entomotaxonomia. 19 (3) : [ 1997a. 19 (3) : ] Xia Y. J. and Z. M. Zheng 1997b A new species of Formica ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Xinjiang. Journal of Hubei A gricult ural

11 Xu Z. U niversity (Natural Science Edition) 19 (4) : [ 1997b ( : ). ( ) 19 (4) : ] H. and Z. M. Zheng 1996 The new species and new record species from Southwest of China. Entomotaxonomia 16 (4) : [ (4) : ] Zhang S. M. and Z. N. Gao 1987a A study on the structure of Noctuidae (Lepitoptera) of Liupan Mountains. Ni ngxia A gricult ural and Forest ry technique. [ 1987a.. ] Zhang S. M1 1987b The species and faunal structure of Pentatomidae ( Hemiptera) in Ningxia. Journal of Ni ngxia A gricult ural College 8 (1) : [ 1987b. 8 (1) : ] Zhen Z. M. and L. S. Wang 1992 Grasshoppers in Ningxia. Xiπan : Shaanxi Normal University Press. [ :. ] Zhou S. Y. and Z. M. Zheng 1997 Three new species of ant from Guangxi ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Entomotaxonomia 19 (1) : [ 1997b. 19 (1) : ] ( Abstract) ANT FAUNA IN THE NORTHWESTERN REGIONS OF CHINA 3 CHAN G You2De HE Da2Han ( A gricult ural College Ni ngxia U niversity Yi nchuan Chi na) The ant species in different vegetation sites and main typical mountains such as desert forest Mountains humid forest Liupan Mountains and high2cold shrub Qilian Mountains in Gansu Qinghai Provinces Ningxia Hui and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions were collected f rom 1997 to The total investigated area was more than km 2 and total species numbers were collected. 79 species belonging to 16 genera and three subfamilies were recorded. 15 genera typically Formica M yrmica L asius Prof ormica Catagly phis Messor and Polygergus dist ribute in Palaearctic Realm ; nine genera typically S olenopsis Tapi nom a L iotopu m Cam ponot us mainly dist ribute in Oriental Realm. At genus level Inner2Mongolia2 Xinjiang region components were 15 genera of which Tet ramorium Prof ormica and Cataglyphis were typical ; Nort h China region component s were 15 genera only except Cardiocondyla. Each of Qinghai2Xizang region and Nort heast China region component s was four genera of which Form ica and Lasius are typical. Sout hwest and Sout h China regions component s play no significant role. At species level component s of Nort h China and Inner2Mongolia2Xinjiang regions were dominant and were 51 and 49 species respectively. Middle Nort heast Helan Component s of China and Qinghai2Xizang regions were subdominant and were species respectively. The similarities of ant communities in 9 different types of grassland t hat is typical grassland (loess plateau area) desert grassland steppe grassland typical desert humid forest (Liupan Mountains) high2cold shrub desert swamp desert forest ( Helan Mountains) and desert oasis were analyzed by principle component analysis ( PCA). Result s showed t hat desert grassland steppe desert typical desert and desert oasis ant communities were significantly close to each ot her to form an integrated group while desert forest ( Helan Mountains) ant community which was however far away from the above integrated group and other four ant communities were isolated f rom ot her each. U nder t he guidelines f rom t he result s above t he ant fauna of investigated area was divided into six ant regions which were loess plateau ant region desert ant region subdivided into desert grassland ant subregion steppe desert ant subregion typical desert ant subregion and desert oasis ant subregion desert swamp ant region high2cold shrub ant region Liupan Mountains ant region and Helan Mountains ant region. In addition 79 ant species were clustered into 10 ecological species groups by PCA. Key words Ant fauna Ecological distribution Ant community similarity Ecological species group Northwest China 3 This work was supported by Foundation for University Key Teachers by the Ministry of Education

1 GIS 95 Y = F y + (1 F) (1) 0 0 Y0 kg/hm 2 /day F y 0 y c kg/hm 2 /day [12] y m 20 kg/hm 2 /hour Y = cl cn ch G [ F( y ) T m yo + (2) (1 F)(

1 GIS 95 Y = F y + (1 F) (1) 0 0 Y0 kg/hm 2 /day F y 0 y c kg/hm 2 /day [12] y m 20 kg/hm 2 /hour Y = cl cn ch G [ F( y ) T m yo + (2) (1 F)( 24 1 Vol.24 No.1 94 2008 1 Transactions of the CSAE Jan. 2008 2008 1 100094 2 100035 3 100081 4 100081 5 100101 GIS ( ) 65.12 16.82 13.74 15.27 11.07 t/(hm 2 a) 10.93% 41.43% 46.93% 65.4%. Bi Jiye, Zhu