“高考英语预科班”阅读难句随身卡 2006年4月

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娠任诸
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1 阅读难句随身卡 ( 基础篇 ) 北京环球雅思祁连山一前言阅读分为四个层次 : 词句段章同学们一般习惯于以词为单位阅读, 所以遇到存在生词的句子就无从下手了其实阅读的真正障碍并不在于生词, 而在于难句, 因为难句即使每个单词都认识, 只要结构复杂, 可能也读不懂反之, 一旦能够把握结构, 就可以忽略生词, 掌握大意, 从而实现无词阅读的境界为此, 本人特意为广大同学制作了这一套难句随身卡 ( 包括基础篇和提高篇 ) 二难句的构成英语的难句 = 主句 + 从句 + 短语, 不同于汉语的句子全是简单句, 没有复杂句如果把英语的难句比喻成大树, 那么主句相当于树干, 从句相当于树枝, 而短语相当于叶子只要把握主句, 就可理解大意相比之下, 汉语的句子就好比是竹子, 一节一节的因此, 我们在理解英语难句的时候要学会拆 1

2 把复杂句拆成简单句来理解也就是说, 要学会抓住树干, 拆掉枝叶三如何拆任何句子都必须有谓语动词, 所以找到一个谓语动词就可以拆下来一个句子因此, 理解难句的基本步骤是 :1) 识别出有哪几个谓语动词 ;2) 找出主句的谓语动词, 先理解主句 ;3) 再去理解从句和短语四符号说明 1. 谓语动词用黑体的斜体字表示, 例如 : Everyone should know 2. 从句的引导词用方框表示, 例如 :where the nearest fire alarm box is located 3. 从句用横线表示, 例如 :where the nearest fire alarm box is located, 表示 where 引导的从句 4. 插入语成分用括号表示, 例如 :Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between 2

3 第四章倒装句型本章难句列表 ( 分析从第 6 页开始 ): 1. Halfway across the room, a small pistol in his hand, stood a man. 2. They do not seem to like one another very much, neither are they too keen on conventional people. 3. Down came the white only notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South. 4. Quite different is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February Splendid is the architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its hundred and more skyscrapers. 6. Especially popular were his Sunday evening 3

4 dinners, usually followed by musical performances. 7. Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area. 8. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time. 9. But unpopular as red has been in the past, at the moment it is a favorite hair dye. 10. Only when he has lost his way does he realize that he wasn t careful enough to make sure that he really did understand. 11. Only by becoming wealthier can countries correct these conditions. 12. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. 4

5 13. Out of our emotional experience with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad. 14. Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Lactobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine. 15. Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall. 5

6 本期难句分析 : 1. Halfway across the room, a small pistol in his hand, stood a man. 结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词 :stood 本句是完全倒装结构, 按正常语序应该是 :A small pistol in his hand, a man stood halfway across the room. 其中,a small pistol in his hand 是一个独立主格结构, 修饰主语 a man. 翻译一名男子站在屋子中间, 手里拿着一支手枪 6

7 2. They do not seem to like one another very much, neither are they too keen on conventional people. 结构全句有 2 个谓语动词 :do 和 are 本句的后半部分是一个主谓倒装的单句, 按正常语序应该是 :They are neither too keen on conventional people. 注意 neither 指的是 ( 两个中的 ) 一个都不翻译他们看起来不太喜欢彼此他们也都不怎么喜欢传统的人 ( 普通人 ) 7

8 3. Down came the white only notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South. 结构全句有 2 个谓语动词 :came came,could could be 其中主句的是 :came 按照正常语序句子主干应该是:The white only notices came down. Notices 后面的介词短语, 作为后置定语修饰 notices 介词短语后面还有一个 that 引导的定语从句修饰 notices 为了避免主语部分过于冗长, 因而将主谓倒装翻译曾经一度在南部的公车上, 旅馆里, 火车上, 饭店里, 在体育赛事中, 在公共卫生间里, 在公园长椅上到处可见的白人专用的牌子已经取下 8

9 4. Quite different is the outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词 :is 本句是一个完全倒装句, 按照正常语序应该是 :The outcome of successful insurrections like those of July 1830 and February 1848, is quite different. 介词短语 like those of 作为后置定语修饰 insurrections, 其中为了省略而使用 those 代替 the insurrections 翻译像 1830 年 7 月起义和 1848 年 2 月起义这样的成功起义的结果是大不相同的 9

10 5. Splendid is the architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its hundred and more skyscrapers. 结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词 :is 本句是一个完全倒装句按照正常语序应该是 : The architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its hundred and more skyscrapers, is splendid. 翻译作为这座城市的中心, 曼哈顿的摩天大厦有百余幢之多, 其建筑十分壮观 10

11 6. Especially popular were his Sunday evening dinners, usually followed by musical performances. 结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词 :were 本句是一个完全倒装句, 按照正常语序应该是 : His Sunday evening dinners, usually followed by musical performances, were especially popular. 过去分词短语 followed by musical performances 作为后置定语修饰 dinners 翻译他的周日晚餐尤其受欢迎, 晚餐结束后通常还有音乐演出 11

12 7. Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area. 结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词 :begun 本句是一个以 only 开头的主谓倒装句, 按照正常语序应该是 :Women have begun to catch up with men in this area only in recent years. Only 在句中起强调作用, 所强调的是 in recent years. 翻译仅仅是近几年来, 妇女才开始在这个领域赶上男子 12

13 8. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time. 结构全句有 2 个谓语动词 :was 和 would be 整句话由两个简单句构成, 其中第一个简单句是一个完全倒装句, 按照正常语序应该是 : The idea of Saturday afternoon cricket was perhaps worse 翻译星期六下午去打板球这主意也许更糟糕 ; 那个时候我的朋友通常都会自在享受悠闲时光 13

14 9. But unpopular as red has been in the past, at the moment it is a favorite hair dye. 结构全句有 2 个谓语动词 :has been 和 is 其中,as 引导的让步状语从句是一个部分倒装句, 按照正常语序应该是 : Although red has been unpopular in the past 句子可被拆分为: 1. Red has been unpopular in the past. 2. But at the moment it is a favorite hair dye. 翻译尽管过去红色不怎么流行, 现在却是一种备受欢迎的染发颜色 14

15 10. Only when he has lost his way does he realize that he wasn t careful enough to make sure that he really did understand. 结构全句有 4 个谓语动词 :has has,does realize,wasn wasn t 和 did understand. 其中主句的是:does realize 本句话是以 only 开头的强调句, 其所强调的是 when 引导的条件状语从句第一个 that 引导的是 realize 的宾语从句第一个 that 引导的是 make sure 的宾语从句翻译只有当他迷了路, 他才明白到当时自己不够谨慎, 没有确定自己是否真的懂了 15

16 11. Only by becoming wealthier can countries correct these conditions. 结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词 :can correct 本句话是以 only 开头的强调句, 其所强调的是方式状语 by becoming wealthier 按照正常语序应该是 :Countries can correct these conditions only by becoming wealthier 翻译一个国家只有通过变得富强才能纠正这些问题 16

17 12 Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. 结构全句有 3 个谓语动词 :were were,should have 和 should hesitate 其中主句的是:should hesitate 本句是一个条件式虚拟倒装句前半部分是一个 if 引导的条件状语从句, 按照正常语序为 :If it were left to me to decide whether 引导的是 decide 的宾语从句翻译如果由我来决定是有政府无报纸还是有报纸无政府, 我会毫不犹豫选择后者 17

18 13 Out of our emotional experience with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad. 结构全句有 3 个谓语动词 :comes comes,are 和 are 其中主句的是 :comes comes, 两个 are 是 that 引导的主语 feeling 的同位语从句中的两个并列谓语为了避免造成头重脚轻的感觉, 主句是一个完全倒装句, 按照正常语序句子主干应该为 :A social feeling of agreement comes out of our emotional experience with objects and events. 翻译从我们对于客观物体和事件的情感经验中产生了一种共同的社会情绪 : 某些东西和行为是好的而其他的是坏的 18

19 14 Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Lactobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine. 结构全句只有 1 个谓语动词 :is 整个句子是一个完全倒装句, 按照正常语序句子主干应该是 :The GG strain of Lactobacillus is among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics 过去分词短语 discovered by 作为后置定语修饰 the GG strain of Lactobacillus, 后面的短语 both at 则是两个人名的定语翻译由塔夫茨大学医学院舍伍德哥尔巴赫教授和生化学家巴利格尔丁发现的鼠李糖乳杆菌是最有前途并且研究得最充分的益生菌之一 19

20 15 Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall. 结构全句有 4 个谓语动词 :expands expands,fall 和 does fall 其中主句的是 :does fall 这是一个由 only 开头的条件式强调句, 主句采用倒装句式按照正常语序句子主干应该为 :the unemployment rate does fall 在 when 引导的条件状语从句中 which 引导的是第三个 rate 的定语从句翻译只有当总产量增长率大于劳动力增长速率加上生产力增长率并减去平均年劳动时间下降的速率时, 失业率才会下降 20

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參加第二次 pesta 的我, 在是次交流營上除了, 與兩年沒有見面的朋友再次相聚, 加深友誼外, 更獲得與上屆不同的體驗和經歴比較起香港和馬來西亞的活動模式, 確是有不同特 WE ARE BOY S BRIGADE 參加第二次 pesta 的我, 在是次交流營上除了, 與兩年沒有見面的朋友再次相聚, 加深友誼外, 更獲得與上屆不同的體驗和經歴比較起香港和馬來西亞的活動模式, 確是有不同特別之處如控制時間及人流方面, 香