9 8 輥輯訛輥輰訛 7 輥輱訛輥輲訛輥輳訛輥輴訛輥輵訛 9 5 5

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1 Abstract: Mao Zedong decided to bombard Quemoy for the purpose of forcing Chiang Kai- shek to give up the offshore islands. In the meantime he was anxious about American interference. To use the Sino- Soviet alliance to deter the Americans, Mao schemed to get Nikita Khrushchev, who knew little about Mao s intentions, to visit Beijing and issue a joint communiqu 伢 with the Chinese leadership. The defense of Quemoy nevertheless persevered with American assistance. As the Taiwan Strait crisis became increasingly intensified, the Soviet Union felt compelled to provide China with nuclear protection to fend off the nuclear intimidation by the United States. The Chinese and Soviet leaderships split over how to deal with the crisis. The Soviets wanted to manage the Far Eastern situation by providing military assistance to China as well as calling international conferences. Insisting on a self- centered orientation in solving the crisis independently, the Chinese leadership rejected Moscow s propositions. Although eventually the Taiwan Strait crisis ended because of Mao's change of mind about capturing Quemoy, the event created mutual misgivings between China and the Soviet Union. During the crisis, the Sino- Soviet alliance proved effective and powerful, and at the same time sustained damages. Key Words: Khrushchev, Mao Zedong, Sino- Soviet relations, Taiwan Strait crisis D A B

2 9 8 輥輯訛輥輰訛 7 輥輱訛輥輲訛輥輳訛輥輴訛輥輵訛 9 5 5

3 輥輶訛輥輷訛輦輮訛輦輯訛 1954 輦輰訛輦輱訛輦輳訛輦輴訛輦輲訛 5 21 輦輵訛

4 輦輶訛輧輳訛輦輷訛輧輴訛輧輮訛 7 21 輧輵訛輧輯訛輧輰訛 7 20 輧輱訛輧輲訛輧輶訛

5 輨輲訛輨輳訛輧輷訛輨輴訛輨輮訛輨輵訛 8 3 輨輶訛輨輷訛輩輮訛 7 輩輯訛輩輰訛輩輱訛輨輯訛輩輲訛輨輰訛 7 8 輩輳訛輨輱訛輩輴訛

6 輩輵訛輪輲訛輪輳訛 8 31 輩輶訛輩輷訛輪輴訛 7 輪輵訛輪輮訛 8 輪輯訛 8 20 輪輶訛 8 21 輪輰訛輪輱訛

7 輪輷訛輫輮訛輫輶訛 9 2 輫輯訛輫輷訛 F 輫輰訛輬輮訛 4 2 輬輯訛 8 31 F 輬輰訛輫輱訛 9 2 輫輲訛輫輳訛輬輱訛輬輲訛 8 27 輬輳訛輫輴訛輫輵訛輬輴訛

8 90% 輬輵訛輬輶訛輭輴訛 9 7 輬輷訛輭輵訛 9 27 輭輮訛 9 7 輭輯訛輭輰訛輭輶訛輭輷訛 9 7 觼訆訑訛輭輱訛輭輲訛輭輳訛觼訆訒訛觼訆訓訛

9 9 8 觼計訔訛觼訆訔訛觼訆訕訛觼計訕訛觼訆訖訛觼訆託訛觼計訖訛 9 18 觼訆記訛觼計託訛觼訆訙訛 9 10 觼計記訛觼訆訚訛觼計訑訛觼計訒訛觼計訓訛觼計訙訛觼計訚訛 9 25 觼訉訑訛觼訉訒訛 12

10 觼訉訓訛觼訉訔訛觼訊訒訛 F С 30 С 觼訉訕訛觼訊訓訛觼訉訖訛 - 16 觼訉託訛觼訊訔訛 9 30 觼訊訕訛觼訉記訛 9 17 觼訊訖訛觼訉訙訛觼訉訚訛觼訊託訛觼訊訑訛 13

11 P- 12 觼訋記訛觼訊記訛觼訋訙訛觼訋訚訛 3 觼訊訙訛觼訊訚訛觼訌訑訛觼訋訑訛觼訋訒訛觼訋訓訛觼訋訔訛觼訋訕訛觼訋訖訛觼訋託訛 Gordon H. Chang Friends and Enemies China the United States and the Soviet Union Stanford Stanford University Press 1990 pp Shu Guang Zhang Deterrence and Strategic Culture Chi- 14

12 nese- American Confrontations Ithca Cornell University Press 1992 Chapter 8 Qiang Zhai The Dragon the Lion and the Eagle Chinese- British- American R elations Kent OH Kent State University Press 1994 Chapter 9 Thomas Christensen Useful Adversaries Grand Strategy Domestic Mobilization and Sino- American Conflict Princeton N.J. Princeton University Press 1996 Chapter 6 Appu K. Soman Double- Edged Sword Nuclear Diplomacy in Unequal Conflicts The United States and China Westport Praeger Publishers 2000 Chapter 5 Chen Jian Mao s China and the Cold War Chapel Hill & London The University of North Carolina Press 2001 Chapter 7 Michael M. Sheng Mao and China s R elations with the Superpowers in the 1950s A New Look at the Taiwan Strait Crises and the Sino- Soviet Split Modern China Vol. 34 No. 4 October 2008 pp Мемуары Никиты Сергеевича Хрущева / / Вопросы истории с 輥輯訛輥輰訛輥輱訛 РГАНИ ф.3 оп.12 д.996 л.1-11/ / Фурсенко А. А. л. ре 坠. Президиум ЦК КПСС Том1 Черновые протокольные записи заседаний стенограммы Москва РОССПЭН 2003 с 輥輲訛

13 輥輳訛輥輴訛 B 100 8CKSP 輥輵訛輥輶訛輥輷訛 Hoover Institution Archives University of Stanford 輦輮訛輦輯訛輦輰訛 171 輦輱訛輦輲訛輦輳訛 АВПРФ ф.0100 оп.48 п.394 д.11 л 輦輴訛輦輵訛輦輶訛輦輷訛 691 輧輮訛輧輯訛輧輰訛 / 12/ 輧輱訛輧輲訛輧輳訛輧輴訛輧輵訛 ВерещацнБ.Н. В староми новом Китае Из воспоминаний дипломата Москва Институт Дальнего Востока 1999 с 輧輶訛

14 Верещагин Б.Н. В старом и новом Китае с 輧輷訛 Зубок В.М. Переговоры Н.С. Хрущева с Мао Цзэдуном 31 июля - 3 августа 1958г. и 2 октября 1959г. / / Новая и новейшая история с 輨輮訛輨輯訛 Зубок В.М. Переговоры Н.С. Хрущева с Мао Цзэдуном / / Новая и новейшая история с 輨輰訛輨輱訛 РГАНИ ф.3 оп.12 д.1009 л Фурсенко А.А. л. ре 坠. Президиум ЦК КПСС Том 1 с 輨輲訛輨輳訛輨輴訛 РГАНИ ф.5 оп.49 д.131 л 輨輵訛 Memorandum from R obertson to Dulles August Foreign R elations of the United States Vol.19 China Washington D.C. GPO 1996 p.45 輨輶訛 Hoover Institution Archives University of Stanford 輨輷訛輩輮訛 Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower August FR US Vol.19 China pp 輩輯訛 Memorandum of Conversation September FR US Vol.19 China pp 輩輰訛 SNIE No.340 Probable Developments in the Taiwan Strait Crisis 28 October 1958 National Intelligence Council ed. Tracking the Dragon National Intelligence Estimates on China During the Era of Mao Washington D.C. GPO 2004 pp 輩輱訛 Hoover Institution Archives University of Stanford 輩輲訛輩輳訛 186 輩輴訛輩輵訛 АВПРФ ф.5 оп.28 п.103 д.409 л 輩輶訛 TskhSD f.5 op.49 d p.78 Michael Share From Ideological Foe to Uncertain Friend Soviet R elations with Taiwan Cold War History Vol. 3 No. 2 January 2003 pp 輩輷訛 ЦХСД ф.5 оп.49 д.135 л.1-75 輪輮訛 РГАНИ ф.5 оп.49 д.131 л 輪輯訛輪輰訛 Michael Share From Ideological Foe to Uncertain Friend Cold War History Vol. 3 No. 2 January 2003 p.9 輪輱訛 Переговоры Н.С. Хрущёва с Мао Цзэдуном / / Новая и новейшая история с Агеенко К.П. Военная помощь СССР в освободительной борьбе китайского народа Москва Вопниздат 1975 с.145. 輪輲訛

15 輪輳訛 ЦХСД ф.5 оп.49 п.131 д.8892 л 輪輴訛輪輵訛輪輶訛 194 輪輷訛輫輮訛 ЦХСД ф.5 оп.49 п.131 д.8892 л 輫輯訛輫輰訛輫輱訛 / 輫輲訛 / 輫輳訛輫輴訛 / / 輫輵訛輫輶訛 Memorandum of Meeting August Telegram from the JCS to Commander in Chief Pacific Felt August FR US Vol.19 China pp 輫輷訛 Memorandum of Conversion September FR US Vol.19 China pp 輬輮訛輬輯訛 SNIE No. 342 Probable Developments in the Taiwan Strait Area 26 August 1958 National Intelligence Council ed. Tracking the Dragon pp 輬輰訛輬輱訛輬輲訛輬輳訛輬輴訛輬輵訛輬輶訛 Hoover Institution Archives University of Stanford 輬輷訛 TsKhSD f.5 op.49 d.133 pp.1-8 V. Zubok and C. Pleshakov Inside the Kremlin's Cold War From Stalin to Khrushchev Cambridge and Landon Harvard University Press 1996 pp 輭輮訛 Mark Kramer The Soviet Foreign Ministry Appraisal of Sino- Soviet R elations on the Eve of the Split CWIHP Bulletin Issues 6-7 Winter 1995/ 1996 pp 輭輯訛

16 輭輰訛 Капица М.С. На разных параллелях записки дипломата Москва Книгаибизнес 1996 с 輭輱訛輭輲訛輭輳訛 / 5/ 輭輴訛輭輵訛 1959 TsKhSD f.5 op.49 d.134 p TsKhSD f.5 op.49 d.133 p.13 Zubok and Pleshakov Inside the Kremlin's Cold War p.225 輭輶訛 USSR - PR C R elations Documents and Materials Part Moscow Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1985 Internal use only pp Vladislav Zubok Khrushchev's Nuclear Promise to Beijing during the Crisis CWIHP Bulletin Issues 6-7 Winter 1995/ 1996 pp AVPR F f.0100 op.51 pap.432 d.6 p.121 Sergei Goncharenko Sino- Soviet Military Cooperation Odd Arne Westad ed. Brothers in Arms The R ise and Fall of the Sino- Soviet Alliance Stanford Stanford University Press 1998 p 輭輷訛觼訆訑訛觼訆訒訛觼訆訓訛 SNIE Sino- Soviet and Free World R eactions to US Use of Nuclear Weapons in Limited War in the Far East July R G263 CIA NIE Box 3 Folder 106 The National Archives. 觼訆訔訛觼訆訕訛觼訆訖訛 Telegram from the Embassy in the R epublic of China to the Department of State September FR US Vol.19 China pp 觼訆託訛 701 觼訆記訛觼訆訙訛 Hoover Institution Archives University of Stanford 觼訆訚訛 ЦХСД ф.5 оп.49 д.131 л.244 觼計訑訛 416 觼計訒訛觼計訓訛觼計訔訛 РГАНИ ф.5 оп.49 д.131 л 觼計訕訛 353 觼計訖訛

17 觼計託訛 ЦХСД ф.5 оп.49 д.131 л 觼計記訛 Intelligence R eport, No Peiping s Present Outlook on the Taiwan Strait Situation September University of Hong Kong Main Library MF 觼計訙訛觼計訚訛 449 觼訉訑訛 Аеенко К.П. Военная помощь СССР с.145 觼訉訒訛觼訉訓訛 71 觼訉訔訛 Мемуары Никиты Сергеевича Хрущева / / Вопросы истории с 觼訉訕訛觼訉訖訛觼訉託訛 РГАНИ ф.3 оп.12 д.1010 л.3-4 Фурсенко А.А. л. ре 坠 Президиум ЦК КПСС Том 1 с 觼訉記訛觼訉訙訛觼訉訚訛觼訊訑訛觼訊訒訛 РГАНИ ф.3 оп.12 д.1009 л.49 Фурсенко А.А. л. ре 坠. Президиум ЦК КПСС Том 1 с РГАНИ ф.3 оп.14 д.245 л.5-7 Президиум ЦК КПСС Том 2 Постановления Москва РОССПЭН 2006 с 觼訊訓訛 РГАНИ ф.5 оп.49 д.131 л 觼訊訔訛觼訊訕訛觼訊訖訛 Верещагин Б.Н. В старом и новом Китае с 觼訊託訛觼訊記訛 Мемуары Никиты Сергеевича Хрущева/ / Вопросы истории с Хрущев Н.С. Воспоминания избранные фрагменты Москва Вагриус 1997 с 觼訊訙訛 Марьина В.В. Из истории холодной войны гг. Документы чешских архивов / / Новая и новейшая история с 觼訊訚訛觼訋訑訛 TsKhSD f.5 op.49 d.34 p.84 Zubok and Pleshakov Inside the Kremlin's Cold War p.223. 觼訋訒訛觼訋訓訛觼訋訔訛觼訋訕訛 Hope Harrison Ulbricht and the Concrete 'R ose' New Archival Evidence on the Dynamics of Soviet- East German R elations and the Berlin Crisis CWIHP Working Paper Vladislav Zubok Khrushchev and the Berlin Crisis CWIHP Working Paper

18 觼訋訖訛 ЦХСД ф.2 оп.1 д.415 л 觼訋託訛觼訋記訛 Переговоры Н.С. Хрущёва с Мао Цзэдуном / / Новая и новейшая история с Агеенко К.П. Военная помощь СССР с.145. 觼訋訙訛觼訋訚訛觼訌訑訛 Zubok and Pleshakov Inside the Kremlin's Cold War p [ 6 ]Luu Van Loi, Nguyen Anh Vu. Le Duc Tho- Kissinger Negotiations in Paris[M]. Hanoi: The Gioi Publishers, [ 7 ]Henry Kissinger. Ending the Vietnam War: A History of America s Involvement in and Extrication form the Vietnam War [M]. New York: Simon & Schuster, [ 8 ]Letter 9. Nixon to Thieu, October 16, 1972(3 Pages), Nguyen Tien Hung, Jerrold L. Schecter. The Palace File[M]. New York: Harper & R ow, [ 9 ]Letter 10. Nixon to Thieu, October 29, 1972(4 pages), The Palace File. [10]Letter 12. Nixon to Thieu, November 8, 1972(4 pages), The Palace File. [11]Letter 13. Nixon to Thieu, November 14, 1972(4 pages), The Palace File. [12]No Peace, No Honor. Zumwalt, Jr., Elmo R. On Watch, New York: Quadrangle/ New York Times Book Co., 1976, pp [13]No Peace, No Honor. Kissinger Office Files. December 14. [14]Letter 18. Nixon to Thieu, January 5, 1973(2 pages), The Palace File. [15]Letter 19. Nixon to Thieu, January 17, 1973(6 pages), The Palace File. [16]Letter 20. Nixon to Thieu, January 20, 1973(4 pages), The Palace File. [17]Letter 21. Nixon to Thieu, January 22, 1973(2 pages), The Palace File. 21

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9 8 輥輯訛 輥輰訛 7 輥輱訛 輥輲訛 輥輳訛 輥輴訛 輥輵訛 9 5 5

9 8 輥輯訛輥輰訛 7 輥輱訛輥輲訛輥輳訛輥輴訛輥輵訛 9 5 5