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1 2016 年 9 月, 23(5): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J 山东沿海养殖和野生双齿围沙蚕营养成分比较及饵料安全性评价 1, 2, 曹启猛 3 1, 2,, 刘清兵 3, 于跃芹 1 2,, 蒋克勇 3 2,, 刘梅 3 2,, 王雷 3 2, 3, 王宝杰 1., ; 2., ; 3.,, 摘要 : (Perinereis aibuhitensis), (WSSV) (IHHNV), (P<0.05), (P>0.05); /(EAA/TAA) 40%, / (EAA/NEAA) 60%, FAO/WHO, (AAS) (CS), ; (UFA) (HUFA) (66.15±3.77)% (54.11±2.58)%, [(56.13±6.60)% (43.28±5.50)%](P<0.05); (Cr) (Cu) (Cd) (Pb) (As) (Hg), (P<0.05), As ; WSSV IHHNV,, IHHNV, WSSV, WSSV, 关键词 : ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S963 文献标志码 : A 文章编号 : (2016) ,, 10000, (Neathesj apocica) (Perinereis nuntia) (Perinereis aibuhitensis),, [1], (EPA)(DHA),, [2],,,,, 20 80,,,,,, [3], 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : (2012BAD17B03). 作者简介 : (1989 ),,.. caoqimenghappy@163.com 通信作者 : (1976 ),,. wangbaojie@qdio.ac.cn

2 5 : 1165,,,,,,, 2500 t,,, [4] Bischoff [5] ; [6] ; Palmer [7],,,, ( ) ( ) [ (WSSV) (IHHNV)], 1 材料与方法 1.1 实验材料, 1 # (), 42%, 7%, 15%, 11%,,,, 256 μg/g; 489 μg/g; 1.94%~3.62%, ;,, 4,, ,,,, (2.85±0.21) g (2.31±0.18) g ( 20 ), 5, 基本营养成分的检测 (GB/T ), (GB/T ), (GB/T ), (GB/T ) 1.3 氨基酸和脂肪酸的检测 Tao [8], 20 mg 10 ml 6 mol/l HCl, N 2,, (110 ) 24 h,,, 20 mmol/l HCl 20 ml, (Sykam ) González [9],, NaOH-CH 3 OH BF 3 -CH 3 OH, / (split/splitless) (flame ionization detector, FID) (Agilent, USA) 1.4 重金属的检测 : 0.1 g, 1 ml HClO 4 5 ml HNO 3, ;, ,

3 ,, HNO 3,, ( ) 25 ml, (Hg, ), 20 μg/l Cd Cu Pb Cr (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS); Hg As (atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, AFS) 1.5 WSSV 和 IHHNV 的检测 [10] (WSSV) (IHHNV) PCR,,, DNA (Tiangen ), WSSV IHHNV, 20, ; PBS 1.6 氨基酸营养价值评价 (FAO/ WHO) [11] [12], (AAS) (CS): AAS = aa/aa(fao/who) CS = aa/aa(egg), (AAS) (CS) FAO/WHO ; aa ; AA (FAO/WHO) AAS ; AA (egg) 1.7 数据处理 3, Excel, SPSS Statistics (ANOVA), P<0.05, ± ( x SD) 2 结果与分析 2.1 两种沙蚕的基础营养成分 ( ) 1, (11.30±0.77)% (9.53±0.57)%(P<0.05); (59.24±0.24)% (60.17±0.78)%, (P>0.05), (P>0.05) 表 1 养殖和野生双齿围沙蚕基本营养成分 Tab. 1 The basic nutritional composition of cultured and wild Perinereis aibuhitensis n=3; x SD ; % basic nutritional composition cultured sandworm wild sandworm moisture 79.22± ±0.40 fat dry weight 11.30±0.77 a 9.53±0.57 b ash dry weight 12.25± ±0.38 crude protein dry weight 59.24± ±0.78 : (P<0.05). Note: Data with different letters in the same line are significantly different from each other (P<0.05). 2.2 两种沙蚕的氨基酸营养价值 2,,,,, (19.60±0.50)% (23.25±0.81)%, (29.06±0.94)% (29.84±1.11)%, (48.67±1.44)% (53.09±1.92)%, (21.74±0.72)% (25.46±0.73)% 2, FAO/WHO(1973) (AAS) (CS), 3

4 5 : 1167 Tab. 2 表 2 养殖和野生双齿围沙蚕氨基酸组成 The amino acid composition of cultured and wild Perinereis aibuhitensis n=3; x SD ; % 氨基酸种类 amino acid cultured sandworm wild sandworm Asp 5.11±0.16 a 6.02±0.14 b Thr 1.79±0.05 a 2.37±0.10 b Ser 1.70±0.02 a 2.18±0.06 b Glu 6.87±0.22 a 8.49±0.19 b Gly 2.41±0.06 a 3.51±0.23 b Ala 4.10± ±0.09 Cys 1.12± ±0.09 Val 2.22±0.01 a 2.46±0.08 b Met 0.99± ±0.06 Ile 2.19±0.05 a 2.43±0.10 b Leu 3.47±0.11 a 3.98±0.11 b Tyr 1.82± ±0.11 Phe 2.05±0.03 a 2.26±0.09 b His 1.39±0.04 a 1.55±0.02 b Lys 3.88± ±0.17 Ary 3.25±0.14 a 3.63±0.08 b Pro 4.29±0.19 a 2.27±0.31 b TAA 48.67±1.44 a 53.09±1.92 b EAA 19.60±0.50 a 23.25±0.81 b NEAA 29.06± ±1.11 DAA 21.74± ±0.73 EAA/TAA EAA/NEAA :,,. (P<0.05). Note: means essential amino acid of prawn, means delicious amino acid, in dry weight basis. Data with different letters in the same line are significantly different from each other (P<0.05)., AAS 3, CS 2,, AAS , ;,, CS , 2.3 两种沙蚕的脂肪酸营养价值 4, 4,, 31, 23, 8, 12~22, 0~6, C 16:0 ( ), C 20:5 (, EPA), (SFA) (66.15±3.77)% (56.13±6.60)%, (HUFA) (54.11±2.58)% (43.28±5.50)%,, (EPA DHA), 2.4 两种沙蚕的重金属含量 (Cr Hg As Cd Pb Cu) 5, 5, Cr Cu Cd As Pb Hg (P<0.05) [13], Cr Hg Cd Pb Cu As Tab. 3 表 3 养殖和野生双齿围沙蚕氨基酸评分和化学评分 The amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS) of cultured and wild Perinereis aibuhitensis amino acid FAO/WHO/ (mg g 1 ) / (mg g 1 ) egg content AAS CS / (mg g 1 ) cultured / (mg g 1 ) wild cultured wild cultured Ile Tyr Lys Thr Val Cys Met Phe Lys wild

5 表 4 养殖和野生双齿围沙蚕脂肪酸含量 Tab. 4 The fatty acid composition of cultured and wild Perinereis aibuhitensis n=3; x SD ; % fatty acid cultured sandworm wild sandworm C 12:0 0.02± ±0.01 C 14:0 1.05±0.04 a 1.74±0.18 b C 14:1 0.03±0.01 a 0.22±0.02 b C 15:0 0.77±0.07 a 1.02±0.03 b C 16: ±1.14 a 31.71±0.87 b C 16:1ω7 5.71± ±0.20 C 16:1ω5 0.10± ±0.02 C 16:2 0.32±0.05 a 0.72±0.12 b C 17:0 1.55±0.15 a 2.05±0.19 b C 18:0 5.78±0.46 a 6.95±0.91 b C 18:2ω7 6.02± ±0.72 C 18:2ω6 9.58±0.42 a 1.88±1.44 b C 18:2ω4 0.45±0.01 a 1.49±0.18 b C 18:3 0.13± ±0.07 C 18:3 1.46± ±0.67 C 18:4 0.21±0.08 a 0.43±0.06 b C 20:0 0.17±0.01 a 0.22±0.02 b C 20:1ω ± ±0.09 C 20:1ω9 4.06±0.28 a 2.70±0.50 b C 20:1ω7 0.44±0.03 a 0.97±0.10 b C 20:2ω ±0.34 a 3.38±1.51 b C 20:3ω6 0.73±0.11 a 0.37±0.13 b C 20:3ω3 2.55±0.22 a 1.45±0.15 b C 20:4ω6 0.59± ±0.19 C 20:4ω3 0.24±0.03 a 0.40±0.07 b C 20:5ω ±0.46 a 13.78±1.66 b C 22:0 0.11± ±0.05 C 22:1ω ±0.06 a 0.30±0.06 b C 22:1ω9 0.26± ±0.11 C 22:5ω3 1.39±0.13 a 4.81±0.44 b C 22:6 ω3 1.84±0.29 a 1.15±0.09 b /% SFA 33.85±1.90 a 43.87±2.57 b /% UFA 66.15±3.77 a 56.13±6.60 b /% HUFA 54.11±2.58 a 43.28±5.50 b (EPA DHA)/% 17.17±0.75 a 14.93±1.75 b Σω ±1.25 a 21.59±1.55 b Σω ±2.38 a 5.96±0.37 b Σω3/Σω a 3.62 b : (P<0.05). Note: Data with different letters in the same line are significantly different from each other (P<0.05)., As, Cr Hg Cd Pb Cu 2.5 两种沙蚕携带病毒情况 WSSV 1,,,, WSSV, WSSV, IHHNV, IHHNV 3 讨论 3.1 两种沙蚕营养元素的比较分析,,,,,,,,,,, [14], :,,, Techaprempreecha [15] [16],, FAO/WHO, (EAA) (TAA) 40%, (EAA) (NEAA) 60% /(EAA/TAA) 40.27%, / (EAA/ NEAA) 67.45%; EAA/TAA EAA/NEAA 43.79% 77.92% (AAS)

6 5 : 1169 cultured sandworm wild sandworm 表 5 养殖和野生双齿围沙蚕不同重金属含量 Tab. 5 The content of different heavy metal in cultured and wild Perinereis aibuhitensis n=3; x SD Cr/(mg kg 1 ) Cu/(mg kg 1 ) Cd/(μg kg 1 ) As/(mg kg 1 ) Pb/(mg kg 1 ) Hg/(μg kg 1 ) 0.80±0.04 a 4.69±0.73 a 57.55±4.10 a 2.78±0.23 a 1.86±0.95 a 44.98±3.11 a 1.43±0.46 b 8.21±0.31 b ±10.26 b 14.08±1.46 b 2.58±0.94 b 96.07±3.41 b : (P<0.05). Note: Data with different letters in the same column are significantly different from each other (P<0.05). 1 WSSV M: maker; 1 2: ; 3 4: ; 5: ; 6:. Fig. 1 Detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in cultured and wild Perinereis aibuhitensis M: maker; 1, 2: cultured P. aibuhitensis; 3, 4: wild P. aibuhitensis; 5: the negative control; 6: the positive control. (CS),,,,,, FAO/WHO,,,, (UFA), [17],,,,, EPA DHA, EPA DHA,,,, [18], 1 #,,,, Wouters [17], Σω3/Σω , 3.. 1,, Σω3/Σω6 Σω3 4, Σω3, Σω6, Σω3/Σω6,,,,,,, Σω3, 3.2 两种沙蚕的安全性分析,,,

7 , As :,, [19],,,,,, ;,,, [20],,,,,,, WSSV( ) [21 22], IHHNV( ), IHHNV, [23 24],, WSSV IHHNV,,, WSSV IHHNV, WSSV IHHNV, WSSV, WSSV, WSSV [25] [26] WSSV, WSSV, Macías-Rodríguez [27] WSSV,,,,,,,, WSSV 4 结论 EAA/TAA 40%, EAA/NEAA 60%, FAO/WHO,, ; Σω3/Σω6, DHA EPA, ; Cr Cu Cd Pb Hg As,, As, ; WSSV IHNNV,,, WSSV,,,,,,,,,

8 5 : 1171 参考文献 : [1] Du S B, Hu C Q, Shen Q, et al. A comparative study on biochemical composition of main natural diets for broodstock Litopenaeus vannamei[j]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2005, 24(1): [,,,. [J]., 2005, 24(1): ] [2] Chen Y X. The effect of several diets on Litopenaes vannamei broodstock reproduction performance[d]. Nanning: Guangxi University, [. [D]. :, 2012.] [3] Xu S S, Hou N N. The study on ecological protection of sandworm in Guangrao, Dongying[J]. Agriculture and Technology, 2013, 33(9): 160. [,. [J]., 2013, 33(9): 160] [4] Guo X X, Li C L, Huang X H, et al. Determination of nutrient element of clamworm Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube from Maoming, Guangdong[J]. Study of Trace Elements and Health, 2011, 28(1): [,,,. [J]., 2011, 28(1): ] [5] Bischoff A A, Fink P, Waller U. The fatty acid composition of Nereis diversicolor cultured in an integrated recirculated system: Possible implications for aquaculture[j]. Aquaculture, 2009, 296(3): [6] Teng Y, Wang Y G, Wang C L. Nutritional analysis and function study of Perineries aibuhitensis[j]. Advances in Marine Science, 2004, 22(2): [,,. [J]., 2004, 22(2): ] [7] Palmer P J, Wang S, Houlihan A, et al. Nutritional status of a nereidid polychaete cultured in sand filters of mariculture wastewater[j]. Aquac Nutr, 2014, 20(6): [8] Tao N, Wang L, Gong X, et al. Comparison of nutritional composition of farmed pufferfish muscles among Fugu obscurus, Fugu flavidus and Fugu rubripes[j]. J Food Compos Anal, 2012, 28(1): [9] González S, Flick G J, O keefe S F, et al. Composition of farmed and wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens)[j]. J Food Compos Anal, 2006, 19(6): [10] World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Diagnostic Manual for Aquatic Animal Diseases[M]. Paris France, 2012: , [11] Pellett P L, Young V R. Nutritional evaluation of protein foods[j]. Tokyo: The United National University Publishing Company, 1980: [12] Wang Y H, Li P B, Li T, et al. Analysis and evaluation of amino acids of wheat seedling[j]. Amino Acids and Biotic Resources, 2011, 33(1): [,,,. [J]., 2011, 33(1): ] [13] NY , The Pollution-Free food The Safety Limit of Compound Feed in Fishing[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, [ [S]. :, 2002.] [14] Cheng H L, Jiang F, Peng Y X, et al. Comparison of nutrient composition of muscles of wild and farmed grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus[j], Food Science, 2013, 34(13): [,,,. [J]., 2013, 34(13): ] [15] Techaprempreecha S, Khongchareonporn N, Chaicharoenpong C, et al. Nutritional composition of farmed and wild sandworms, Perinereis nuntia[j]. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 2011, 169(3): [16] Yang S P, Liu H L, Qiu D Q. Analysis of nutritional compositions of natural and artificial culture Perinereis aibuhitensis[j]. Feed Industry, 2013, 34(10): [,,. [J]., 2013, 34(10): ] [17] Wouters R, Molina D, Lavens P, et al. Lipid composition and vitamin content of wild femal Litopenaeus vannamei in different stages of sexual maturation[j]. Aquaculture, 2001, 198: [18] Ma A J, Liu X F, Zhai Y X, et al. Biochemical composition in muscle of wild and cultivated tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis Gǜnther)[J]. Marine Fisheries Research, 2006, 27(2): [,,,. [J]., 2006, 27(2): 49 54]. [19] Cao H Y, Liang T, Wang L J, et al. Contents and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in water and sediment of intertidalite[j]. Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1): [,,.. [J]., 2006, 27(1): ] [20] Monikh F A, Maryamabadi A, Savari A, et al. Heavy metals concentration in sediment, shrimp and two fish species from the northwest Persian Gulf[J]. Toxicol Indust Health, 2015, 31(6): [21] Ding Z, Yao Y, Zhang F, et al. The first detection of white spot syndrome virus in naturally infected cultured Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis in China[J]. J Virol Methods, 2015, 220: [22] El-Shahidy M S, El-Gamal R M, Dessouki A A, et al. Detection of white spot syndrome in cultured penaeid shrimp in Egypt: histopathological observation and polymerase chain reaction[j]. MENA Sci J, 2015, 1(1): [23] Flegel T W. Review of disease transmission risks from

9 prawn products exported for human consumption[j]. Aquaculture, 2009, 290(3): [24] Karunasagar I, Ababouch L. Shrimp viral diseases, import risk assessment and international trade[j]. Indian J Virol, 2012, 23(2): [25] Yan D C. Review on shrimp white spot syndrime virus (WSSV) hosts[j]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2007(1): [. (WSSV) [J]., 2007(1): ] [26] Zhang J S, Dong S L, Dong Y W, et al. Primary investigation on the WSSV carrying status in Copepoda and their resting eggs in shrimp ponds[j]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2007, 37(3): [,,,. [J]., 2007, 37(3): ] [27] Macías-Rodríguez N A, Mañón-Ríos N, Romero-Romero J L, et al. Prevalence of viral pathogens WSSV and IHHNV in wild organisms at the Pacific coast of Mexico[J]. J Invert Pathol, 2014, 116: Nutritional composition and safety of cultured and wild sandworm (Perinereis aibuhitensis) from a coastal area of Shandong Province CAO Qimeng 1, 2, 3, LIU Qingbing 1, 2, 3, YU Yueqin 1, JIANG Keyong 2, 3, LIU Mei 2, 3, WANG Lei 2, 3, WANG Baojie 2, 3 1. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao , China; 2. Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao , China; 3. Key Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao , China Abstract: The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the nutritional value and safety of cultured and wild Perinereis aibuhitensis as prawn feed, with the ultimate aim of promoting the rational development and utilization of these sandworms. We investigated and compared the basic nutritional composition of the cultured and wild sandworms, determined their amino acid, fatty acid, and heavy metal contents, and evaluated their infection status with WSSV (white spot syndrome virus) and IHHNV (infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus). The results showed that the fat content was significantly higher in the cultured sandworms than in the wild ones (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the contents of crude protein, moisture, and ash (P>0.05). In both groups of nereids, the ratios of essential amino acids/total amino acids for shrimp feed were about 40%, and the ratios of essential amino acids/non-essential amino acids for shrimp feed were above 60%, which met the FAO/WHO standard for high-quality protein. Based on the amino acid score and chemical score of the two groups, the content of the most limiting amino acid was higher in the cultured sandworms than in the wild ones. The contents of unsaturated fatty acids and highly unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the cultured group [(67.75±3.77)% and (54.11±2.58)%, respectively] than in the wild group [(56.13±6.60)% and (43.28±5.50)%, respectively]. The contents of common heavy metals (chromium, copper, cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury) were significantly lower in the cultured sandworms than in the wild ones, and the arsenic content in the wild group significantly exceeded the standard. The cultured group was not infected with WSSV or IHHNV, while the wild group was infected with WSSV but not IHHNV. These findings indicated that wild sandworms may carry WSSV. In conclusion, based on their nutritional value and safety, cultured sandworms are better prawn feed than wild sandworms. Key words: Perinereis aibuhitensis; prawn feed; nutritional value; heavy metal; virus Corresponding author: WANG Baojie. wangbaojie@qdio.ac.cn

t, SN/ T GB/T ( 13 ( 57% ) [ 2] ),, 44%, 1. 3,, FAO/ WHO 1973, [ 3 ],,, [ ],,, : [ 4-5 ] [ 6

t, SN/ T GB/T ( 13 ( 57% ) [ 2] ),, 44%, 1. 3,, FAO/ WHO 1973, [ 3 ],,, [ ],,, : [ 4-5 ] [ 6 10 5 2 01 4 1 0 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 10, No. 5 Oct., 2014 doi: 10. 3969/ j. issn. 2095-0780. 2014. 05. 008 3 1, 3 1 1, 2,, ( 1., 310012; 2., 310012; 3., 310012) : ( Katsuwonus pelamis) (