2 171 脂类和脂肪酸组成分析 mm USA 5% ~ 8% 3 h ml /min 300 ml /min ml 10 ~ 12 1 ml 50 2 = g 2 ~ 5 ml

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1 JOURNAL OF FISHERIES OF CHINA Vol. 38 No. 2 Feb DOI /SP. J * d 30 ~ 60 d 42% 2 60 d d d Q 956 S A Portunus trituberculatus t 1-2 EFA EAA ZR DZ C yxcheng@ shou. edu. cn

2 2 171 脂类和脂肪酸组成分析 mm USA 5% ~ 8% 3 h ml /min 300 ml /min ml 10 ~ 12 1 ml 50 2 = g 2 ~ 5 ml mol /L 1 μl S- hepatosomatic index HSI = / 100% 1 gonadosomatic index GSI = / 100% 2 meat yield MY = / Wu 8 IAROSCANTM MK - 6s IATRON LABORATRIES INC Tokyo Japan phospholipids PL cholesterol CHO 140 ~ triacyglycerol TG free fatty acids 230 g FFA monoacylglycerol MG cholesterolesters CE Sigma 40 m 2 8 m 5 m 1. 5 m 12 m 2 8 ~ 10 cm 1 m 14% - 2 ~ 3 30% ~ 50% 7 ~ 10 d h Agilent 6890 Sinonovacula constricta Omegawax m d 25 ml /min ~ 25 8 ~ 22 ph 7. 0 ~ kpa 9. 0 > 5 mg /L < 0. 5 mg /L < 氨基酸分析 Chen mg /L g 6 mol /L h 433D 10% 590 nm FAO /WHO /UNU 1985 essential amino acid score EAAS 100% 3 EAAS = /FAO ± 常规营养成分测定 AOAC 1995 SPSS Levene Folch 1957 V /V = ANOVA Tukey P <

3 Tab. 1 Nutritional composition of trash fish and razor clam % 2. 1 trash fish razor clam proximate / moisture /wet weight / protein / dry weight / lipid /dry weight / carbohydrate / dry weight fatty acids C C C C SFA C16 1n C16 1n C18 1n C18 1n C20 1n MUFA C18 2n C18 3n C20 4n C20 4n C20 5n C22 5n C22 6n PUFA HUFA DHA /EPA SFA MUFA PUFA HUFA Notes SFA means total saturated fatty acids SFA means total mono-unsaturated fatty acids PUFA means total poly-unsaturated fatty acids HUFA means total highly unsaturated fatty acids. The same as below GSI P < ~ 30 d GSI 2 90 d HSI 0 ~ 30 d % % 0 ~ 30 d P < ~ 90 d P > d 0 ~ 30 d % % 90 d 3 P > P < d 78% 17% 1% % 60 ~ 90 d % 0 ~ 30 d 4 2 Tab. 2 Effects of fattening period on ovarian development and edible yield of female P. trituberculatus % 0 d 30 d 60 d 90 d GSI ± a ± b ± bc ± c HSI ± a ± a ± a ± a MY ± b ± c ± ab ± a total edible yield ± a ± b ± b ± ab P < Notes Values in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different P < The same as below

4 2 173 ovary 3 % Tab. 3 Effect of fattening period on proximate composition of different edible tissues of female P. trituberculatus % tissue 0 d 30 d 60 d 90 d moisture ± a ± b ± b ± b protein ± a ± b ± b ± b lipid ± a ± b ± bc ± c carbohydrate ± a ± a ± a ± a hepatopancreas moisture ± a ± ab ± b ± ab protein ± a ± b ± b ± b lipid ± a ± a ± a ± a carbohydrate ± a ± a ± b ± ab muscle moisture ± a ± a ± a ± a protein ± a ± a ± a ± a lipid ± a ± b ± ab ± ab carbohydrate ± a ± a ± a ± a ovary 4 Tab. 4 % Effect of fattening period on main lipid classes of different edible tissues of female P. trituberculatus % tissue 0 d 30 d 60 d 90 d TG ± a ± ab ± a ± b FFA ± a ± ab ± b CHO ± a ± a ± b ± b PL ± b ± b ± b ± 4. 0 a hepatopancreas TG ± ab ± b ± a ± ab FFA ± c ± a ± c ± b CHO ± a ± b ± c ± ab PL ± ab ± ab ± b ± a muscle TG ± a ± a ± a ± a FFA ± b ± a ± ab ± a CHO ± a ± a ± a ± a PL ± a ± a ± a ± a TG. FFA. CHO. PL. Notes TG. triglyceride FFA. free fatty acids CHO. cholesterol PL. phoshpholipids 2. 3 C SFA MUFA 0 ~ 60 d P < C16 0 P < C16 1n7 C16 1n5

5 C18 1n7 C20 1n P < PUFA n-3pufa n- 6PUFA HUFA PUFA 20 4n6 ARA 20 5n3 20 5n3 EPA 22 6n3 DHA 3 0 ~ EPA 22 6n3 DHA 30 d DHA P < n6 ARA 0 ~ 30 d P < C SFA C14 0 C16 0 C18 0 C14 0 SFA C16 1n7 C18 1n7 90 d C16 0 SFA SFA 60% 30 ~ 90 d MUFA0 ~ 60 d MUFA C16 1n7 C18 1n9 MUFA 60 ~ 90 d % % C18 0 SFA P < P < HUFA EPA DHA 30 ~ 60 d C18 1n7 C18 1n9 EPA P < Tab. 5 % Effect of fattening period on principal fatty acid profile of ovary of female P. trituberculatus % fatty acid 0 d 30 d 60 d 90 d C ± a ± c ± b ± a C ± a ± d ± c ± b C ± b ± c ± ab ± a C ± b ± a ± a ± a SFA ± a ± b ± a ± a C16 1n ± a ± b ± b ± b C16 1n ± a ± b ± b ± b C18 1n ± b ± ab ± a ± ab C18 1n ± a ± a ± a ± b C20 1n ± a ± b ± b ± b MUFA ± a ± ab ± b ± b C18 2n ± a ± a ± a ± a C18 3n ± a ± b ± b ± b C20 4n ± b ± a ± a ± a C20 4n ± a ± b ± b ± b C20 5n ± b ± a ± c ± bc C22 5n ± b ± ab ± a ± ab C22 6n ± c ± ab ± a ± b PUFA ± b ± a ± a ± b n3pufa ± c ± a ± a ± b n6pufa ± ab ± a ± ab ± b n3 /n ± b ± ab ± ab ± a HUFA ± c ± a ± a ± b DHA /EPA ± c ± bc ± a ± ab 0. 3% Notes The fatty acid with more than 0. 3% of total fatty acids is shown in the table

6 Tab. 6 % Effect of fattening period on principal fatty acid profile of hepatopancreas of female P. trituberculatus % fatty acid 0 d 30 d 60 d 90 d C ± a ± ab ± b ± a C ± a ± b ± ab ± a C ± ab ± a ± bc ± c C ± a ± a ± a ± a SFA ± ab ± a ± bc ± c C16 1n ± a ± a ± a ± a C16 1n ± a ± b ± b ± b C18 1n ± b ± a ± ab ± ab C18 1n ± a ± ab ± b ± c C20 1n ± a ± b ± b ± c MUFA ± a ± a ± a ± b C18 2n ± a ± a ± a ± a C18 3n ± a ± b ± b ± b C20 4n ± a ± a ± a ± a C20 5n ± a ± a ± a ± a C22 5n ± b ± a ± a ± ab C22 6n ± b ± a ± a ± a PUFA ± a ± a ± a ± a n-3pufa ± b ± a ± a ± ab n-6pufa ± a ± ab ± b ± b n-3 /n ± b ± a ± a ± a HUFA ± b ± a ± a ± ab DHA /EPA ± b ± a ± a ± a 7 % Tab. 7 Effect of fattening period on principal fatty acid profile of muscle of female P. trituberculatus % fatty acid 0 d 30 d 60 d 90 d C ± a ± a ± a ± a C ± a ± a ± a ± a C ± c ± c ± b ± a C ± c ± bc ± b ± a SFA ± d ± c ± b ± a C16 1n ± a ± ab ± ab ± ab C16 1n ± a ± a ± a ± a C18 1n ± a ± a ± a ± a C18 1n ± ab ± a ± b ± b C20 1n ± a ± a ± a ± a MUFA ± a ± ab ± b ± b C18 2n ± a ± a ± a ± a C18 3n ± a ± ab ± ab ± b C20 4n ± a ± a ± a ± a C20 4n ± a ± ab ± b ± b C20 5n ± a ± a ± b ± b C22 5n ± b ± ab ± a ± a C22 6n ± a ± a ± a ± a PUFA ± a ± a ± ab ± b n3pufa ± a ± a ± ab ± b n6pufa ± a ± a ± a ± a n3 /n ± a ± a ± a ± a HUFA ± a ± a ± ab ± b DHA /EPA ± ab ± b ± a ± a

7 FAO /WHO / 18 EAAS d EAA NEAA EAAS 1000 ~ 30 d 0 ~ 30 d + 0 ~ 30 d EAAS 100% 30 ~ 60 d EAAS 60 ~ 90 d NEAA TAA EAAS 8. 47% 7. 97% UNU EAAS d 30 d + EAAS 0 ~ 30 d EAA /TAA ~ d EAAS 3 8 Tab. 8 mg /g Effect of fattening period on amino acids content of ovary of female P. trituberculatus amino acids 0 d 30 d 60 d 90 d Lle ± a ± bc ± c ± b Leu ± a ± b ± b ± b Lys ± a ± b ± b ± b Met ± a ± b ± b ± b Cys ± a ± b ± b ± b Phe ± a ± bc ± c ± b Tyr ± a ± b ± b ± b Thr ± a ± bc ± c ± b Val ± a ± bc ± c ± b Trp ± a ± b ± c ± bc EAA ± a ± b ± b ± b Asp ± a ± bc ± c ± b Ser ± a ± bc ± c ± b Glu ± a ± c ± c ± b Gly ± a ± b ± c ± b Ala ± a ± bc ± c ± b His ± a ± bc ± c ± b Arg ± a ± b ± b ± b Pro ± a ± b ± c ± bc NEAA ± a ± bc ± c ± b TAA ± a ± bc ± c ± b EAA /TAA ± a ± b ± b ± b EAA. NEAA. TAA. Notes EAA means essential fatty acids NEAA means no-essential fatty acids TAA means total amino acids. The same as below mg / g

8 Tab. 9 mg /g Effect of fattening period on amino acid content of muscle of female P. trituberculatus amino acids 0 d 30 d 60 d 90 d Lle ± a ± a ± a ± a Leu ± a ± a ± a ± a Lys ± a ± a ± a ± a Met ± a ± a ± a ± a Cys ± a ± a ± a ± a Phe ± a ± a ± a ± a Tyr ± a ± a ± a ± a Thr ± a ± a ± a ± a Val ± a ± a ± a ± a Trp ± a ± a ± a ± a EAA ± a ± a ± a ± a Asp ± a ± a ± a ± a Ser ± a ± a ± a ± a Glu ± a ± a ± a ± a Gly ± a ± ab ± ab ± b Ala ± a ± a ± ab ± b His ± a ± a ± a ± a Arg ± a ± a ± a ± a Pro ± a ± a ± a ± a NEAA ± a ± a ± a ± a TAA ± a ± a ± a ± a EAA /TAA ± a ± ab ± bc ± c mg / g Tab. 10 EAA 10 Effect of fattening period on essential amino acids score EAAS of ovary and muscle ovary 0 d 30 d 60 d 90 d muscle 0 d 30 d 60 d 90 d Lle Leu Lys Met + Cys Phe + Tyr Thr Trp Val mean value d

9 d Callinectes ~ 60 d sapidus 22 0 ~ 60 d 60 ~ 90 d ~ 30 d d 90 d d ~ 90 d Eriocheir sinensis d 19 % ~ 30 d SFA MUFA PUFA n PUFA HUFA HUFA 0 ~ 30 d 18 2n6 18 3n3 0 ~ 30 d 2 yolk SFA MUFA

10 ~ 90 d 13 mg /g 5 MUFA 23 EAA ~ 60 d EPA 60 ~ 90 d EPA 25 EAAS 100 ARA EPA DHA 26 FAO /WHO /UNU 1985 / EAA /TAA 0. 4 HUFA 16 EAA /TAA FAO /WHO /UNU conditional essential fatty acids EPA DHA HUFA mg /g HUFA 3 HUFA n-3pufa / n-6pufa FAO / 4 WHO 1994 n-3 /n ~ ~ 60 d d n-3 /n ARA EPA DHA n-3 /n ~ 90 d PUFA HUFA d HUFA PUFA EAA /TAA FAO /WHO / 3. 4 UNU 60 d EAAS 0 ~ 30 d 60 d 100% 4 EAA

11 characteristics and nutritional quality of Chinese J mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis J. Food 2. Chemistry J Matheson N A. The determination of tryptophan in purified proteins and in feeding-stuffs J. British 3. Journal of Nutrition J Spindler M Stadler R Tanner H. Amino acid 4 Wu X G Cheng Y X Zeng C S et al. Reproductive performance and offspring quality of wild-caught and analysis of feedstuffs determination of methionine and cystine after oxidation with performic acid and pond-reared swimming crab Portunus hydrolysis J. Journal of Agricultural and Food trituberculatus broodstock J. Aquaculture report of a Joint FAO / WHO / UNU expert consultation. World Health Organization technical J Chaiyawat M Eungrasamee I Raksakulthai N. Meat quality of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus report series 724 R. Geneva WHO D Linnaeus 1758 fattened with different diets J. Kasetsart Journal Natural Science J Wu X G Zhou B Cheng Y X et al. Comparison of gender differences in biochemical composition and nutritional value of various edible parts of the blue swimmer crab J. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis AOAC. Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists M. 16th edition. Arlington VA USA Association of Analytical Communities Folch J Lees M Sloane-Stanley G H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues J. Journal of Biological Chemistry Kochert A G. Carbohydrate determination by the phenol-sulfuric acid method C Hellebust J A Craigie J S Eds. Handbook of Phycolocical Methods Physiological and Biochemical Methods. Cambridge London. UK Cambridge University Press Morrison W R Smith L M. Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron fluoride-methanol J. Journal of Lipid Research M Shrestha S. Compositional 13 Chen D W Zhang Chemistry FAO /WHO /UNU. Energy and protein requirements 18. J D J Lee R F Walker A. Lipovitellin and lipid droplet accumulation in oocytes during ovarian maturation in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus J. Journal of Experimental Zoology Walker A Ando S Lee R F. Synthesis of a highdensity lipoprotein in the developing blue crab Callinectes sapidus J. Biological Bulletin J J J Innis S M. The role of dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids

12 2 181 in the developing brain J. Developmental Neuroscience Muskiet F A J van Goor S A Kuipers R S et al. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in maternal and infant nutrition J. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids Harper C R Jacobson T A. Usefulness of omega-3 fatty acids and the prevention of coronary heart disease J. The American Journal of Cardiology Roynette C E Calder P C Dupertuis Y M et al. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and colon cancer prevention J. Clinical Nutrition FAO /WHO. Fats andoils in human nutrition report of a joint expert consultation M. Rome Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations J Effects of fattening period on ovarian development and nutritional quality of female swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus WU Xugan 1 WANG Qian 1 2 LOU Bao 3 LIU Zhijun 1 CHENG Yongxu 1 2* 1. Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Education Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China 2. Aquatic Animal Breeding Center of Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China 3. Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Zhoushan China Abstract The swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus is a commercially important fisheries resource and mariculture species in East Asian countries. Female crab w ith fully developed ovary is considered as the highly nutritious seafood. Therefore the decline in natural stock and increase in market demands have driven substantial aquaculture interests for this crab species since 1990 s. However our previous studies have show n pond-reared females generally have poor ovarian development and low er nutrition value compared to w ild females w hich leads to low percentage of high quality females w ith fully developed ovaries from pond culture of P. trituberculatus. Fattening with high quality live food such as trash fish and clam has proven to be an effective practice for the improvement of crab ovarian development and nutritional composition. Unfortunately to date optimal fattening period is unclear for female P. trituberculatus. The present study w as conducted to investigate the effects of fattening period on ovarian development and nutritional quality of female sw imming crab by fattening culture and biochemical analysis. The results show ed that gonadosomatic index GSI increased significantly during the 90-day fattening period while the trend of low -high-low was found in muscular yield and total edible yield. The highest total edible yield more than 42% was in the females fattened for days. Fattening period did not affect the proximate composition of muscle but the highest protein lipid and carbohydrate contents together with the lowest moisture contents in ovary and hepatopancreas were found in the females with 60 days fattening. The cholesterol percentage % total lipids in ovary and hepatopancreas decreased significantly during the course of 0-60 days fattening w hile phospholipids levels of ovary and hepatopancreas increased significantly during days fattening. For

13 the different edible parts hepatopancreas had the highest triacyglycerol levels. As for the fatty acid composition the increasing trend was found in mono-unsaturated fatty acids MUFA for ovary and hepatopancreas while the trend of high-low -high was found in poly-unsaturated fatty acids PUFA and highly unsaturated fatty acids HUFA. Muscle contained significant higher percentage of HUFA than ovary and hepatopancreas. Total amino acids TAA of ovary increased dramatically during the early period of fattening w hile the contents of three sw eet amino acids gradually increased during the process of 90-dayfattening. Essential amino acid scores EAAS of ovary and muscle were greater than 100 for all essential amino acids EAA after females fattened for days which indicated no limited amino acid was found in ovary and muscle. For fattening females EAA /TAA ratios of ovary and muscle were close to or higher than FAO /WHO /UNU recommended values for healthy food. In conclusion the fattening w ould not only improve the total edible yield but also optimize the nutritional values for female P. trituberculatus. Our results suggested the appropriate fattening period w as approximately 60 days for pond-reared females post puberty molting. Those results w ould not only provide valuable information for the future culture and fattening of female P. trituberculatus but also facilitate the further study on the nutritional regulation of female quality. Key words Portunus trituberculatus fattening period ovarian development nutritional quality fatty acids amino acids Corresponding author CHENG Yongxu. yxcheng@ shou. edu. cn 檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹檹

t, SN/ T GB/T ( 13 ( 57% ) [ 2] ),, 44%, 1. 3,, FAO/ WHO 1973, [ 3 ],,, [ ],,, : [ 4-5 ] [ 6

t, SN/ T GB/T ( 13 ( 57% ) [ 2] ),, 44%, 1. 3,, FAO/ WHO 1973, [ 3 ],,, [ ],,, : [ 4-5 ] [ 6 10 5 2 01 4 1 0 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 10, No. 5 Oct., 2014 doi: 10. 3969/ j. issn. 2095-0780. 2014. 05. 008 3 1, 3 1 1, 2,, ( 1., 310012; 2., 310012; 3., 310012) : ( Katsuwonus pelamis) (