母語教學及教育的縱、橫觀*

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1 * ( ) 36

2 (Richards, 1985) (Speakers Without Native Languages) ( ) ( ) -- ( ) ( Baetens Beardsmore, 1986) 37

3 i ( Cantor, 1993: ) Beowulf ii (Baugh & Cable, 1978:67) Life of Ste Enlalie (Ager, 1990: 218) Charlemagne Oaths of Strasbourg (Wardhaugh, 1987: 99) Tuscany 38

4 Nation-State (Nation) (State) Nation ( Fichte, 1807 (1922);Stalin,circa 1913 (1973);Deutsch,1966) (Hobsbawn, 1990: ) iii iv ( ) 39

5 ( Ager,1990:50-81) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Kleindeutsch Castille Castillian Iberia 40

6 (English-only Movement) ( ) Provisions of Oxford (Baugh & Cable, 1978:136) Tuscany (Ager, 1990:9) 41

7 (Hale, 1993: 154) Discourse de la methode Tuscany (Fulbrook, 1992) 42

8 Salman Rushdie 43

9 v Rushdie Rushdie Q Satyajit Ray Unesco Unesco (p.11) vi ( ) ( ) 44

10 ,, (Lebrun & Baetens Beardsmore 1993) (Gopinathan, 1994) (Genesee, 1987) Unesco vernacular languages (p.46) vii vernacular languages 45

11 Unesco ( Weinstein, 1987) (Dua, 1985:172), 46

12 :? ( )??? 47

13 : ( ) 3: Ager, D.E. Sociolinguistics and Contemporary French. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Baetens-Beardsmore, Hugo. Bilingualism: Basic Principles. 2nd ed. Avon0: Tieto, Baugh, Albert C. & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 3 rd Edn., N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1978 Cantor, Norman F. Civilization of the Middle Ages. New York: HarperPerennial, 1993 Deutsch, Karl W. Nationalism and Social Communication. 2 nd Edn., Cambridge: MIT press, 1966 Dua, Hans R. Language Planning in India. New Delhi: Harnam Publications, Fasold, Ralph W. The Sociolinguistics of Society. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1984 Fichte, Johann G. Addresses to the German Nation. Chicago, Oen Court, 1922 Fishman, Joshua A. Language & Nationalism: Two Integrative Essays. Rowley, MA: Newbury House Publishers, Fulbrook, Mary. A Concise History of Germany. Updated Edn., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992 Genesee, Fred. Learning Through Two Languages: Studies of Immersion and Bilingual Education, Newsbury House Publishers Gopinathan, Saravanan (Ed.) Language, Society and Education in Singapore: Issues and Trends. Singapore: Times Academic Press, 1994

14 Hale, John. The civilization of Europe in the Renaissance. London: Fontana Press, 1993 Hobsbawn, Eric J. Nations and Nationalism since Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990 Lebrun, Nathalie & Hugo Baetens Beardsmore. Trilingual Education in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in Baetens-Beardsmore, Hugo. (Ed.). European Models of Bilingual Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1993, pp Paulston, Christina B. Multilingualism in R.E.Asher, (Ed.). The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1994, pp Richards, Jack et al. (Eds) Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics. Essex: Longman, 1985 Stalin, Joseph. The Nation in Marxism and the Natural Question, in Bruce Franklin, (Ed.). The essential Stalin: Major theoretical Writings London: Croom Helm, 1973 UNESCO. The Use of Vernacular Languages in Education: Monographs of Fundamental Education. VIII. Paris: UNESCO, Wardhaugh, Ronald. Languages in Competition. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Weinstein, Brian. Language Planning and Interests in Lorne Laforge, (Ed.). Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Language Planning. Quebec: Les Pes de L'Université Laval, 1987, pp

15 (Groups) (Ethnic Groups) (Nations) (Nation-States) Nationalities Catalans Fishman, 1972 v The prose writing -- both fiction and non-fiction created in this period by Indian writers in English, is proving to be a stronger and more important body of work than most of what has been produced in the... official languages of India, the so-called vernacular languages, during the same time; and, indeed, this new, and still burgeoning Indo-Anglian literature represents perhaps the most valuable contribution India has yet made to the world of books. vi It is axiomatic that the best medium for teaching a child is his mother tongue. vii A language which is the mother tongue of a group which is socially or politically dominated by another group speaking a different language.

Microsoft Word - Singapore Lg policy and Lg Edun_Paper_TW[FIN]_fanti_.doc

Microsoft Word - Singapore Lg policy and Lg Edun_Paper_TW[FIN]_fanti_.doc 新加坡雙語教育政策的沿革與新機遇吳英成南洋理工大學國立教育學院 [ 新加坡 ] E-mail: yengseng.goh@nie.edu.sg 摘要 : 本論文分為八節 : 第一節從歷史背景與社會語言情境角度, 綜述新加坡語言景觀與雙語教育政策 ; 第二節