國立中山大學學位論文典藏

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沛云王
7 years ago
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4 Abstract The long-term development of a democratic country stems from the establishment of a civil society. The substance and functional mechanisms of a democratic system are very closely connected with the state of the legal system. When the law rests on a basis of democracy, democratic legitimacy underpins the legality of the source of the country's power. In contrast, when the law and democracy have an equivalent relationship, especially under the influence of today's international social consensus and the growing human rights consciousness and social modernization, in the developmental process of the constitutional system, with regard to the people's fundamental rights, the quality of the judicial system and the law will determine the country's ability to realize a modern welfare state and reveal the objective value of a civil society with regard to human dignity; we can then deduce the reasonableness the judicial system must show in the face of objective conditions, which is the basis for the judicial system to represent judicial justice and judicial authority. Taiwan's judicial system has undergone extremely rapid reforms in recent years. The judicial system's interpretation of constitutional principles has led to clear acknowledgement that violations of the principle of equal protection by human rights values and rights and protections suggest that the law is inadequate. This confirms the equal basis of human dignity and rights. In particular, it is necessary to construct a trial system and suit procedures befitting a democratic society. The Judicial Yuan started holding judicial reform committee conferences and national judicial reform conferences in These conferences brought judicial, prosecutorial, defense, and academic personnel together for far-ranging discussions. The conclusions of the conferences, along with specific reform measures and their timetables, will help meet the challenges of the new century and accelerate judicial reform. A pyramid-shaped suit system and court organization will realize the Judicial Yuan's role as the highest i

5 judicial agency and achieve the constitutional intent of institutionalizing the trial system. The three-stage reform framework calls for the merger of agencies and revision of laws. The reforms will also entail the transformation of a "diverse, multi-track" system into a "unified, single-track" system. After the third stage has been completed in 2010, the judicial system will have an all new look, and will be ready to safeguard the people's judicial beneficiary rights. The main purpose of this study is to explore the major changes undergone by Taiwan's judicial system in recent years. These include the change in criminal suit procedures from the traditional inquisitorial system to the improved adversarial system, which serves to strengthen protection of defendants' fundamental human rights. The thorough implementation of the assumption of innocence conforms to the world's trend towards protection of human rights. The institution of a speedy trial system improves trial efficiency. Strengthening the factual review function of the first instance, changing the purpose of the second instance to subsequent review, the use of the third instance for strict legal review, the adoption of a appeal permit system, and various systematic reforms have truly meaningful. In a time of progressive democratic reforms, the practice of law must be comprehensive, feasible, and appropriate if overall reforms are to be completed. Judicial reform can strengthen maintenance of the constitutional order and the protection of fundamental human rights. Keywords: judicial system, trial system, human dignity, fundamental human rights, adversarial system, inquisitorial system ii

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9 Human rights infrastructure-building for a Human Rights State-2002 Human Rights Policy White Paper of the Republic of China

10 /judga-2.htm 2

12 Judicial Independence 11 Roger K.Warren (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) ;(3) (4) (5)

13 14 15 decisional independence 16 instituional independence See An Independent Judiciary-Report of the ABA on Separation of Powers and Judicial Independence,at 16 Roger K.Warren

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26 Francis Snyder, Law and Development in the Light of Dependency Theory, 14 Law and Society Review,pp (1980)

27 42 Die Dritte Gewalt

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35 Gerechtigkeitsstaat der materiale Rechtsstaat

37 (1) (2) (3)

38 originalism

39 66 rule-making power

45 (1) (2) (3)

46 . (1) (2) (3). (1) (2) (1) (2) (3)

47 83. (1) 77 (2) (3)

48 84 (4) 85. (1) (2) (3) 86 (4) (5)

49 (1) (2)

50 ( ) ( ) -- 42

51 -- 43

56 Verfassungsorgsn

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58 legislative powerexecutive power John Lock 1689 Two Treatieses of Government Montesquieu 1748 DE LÈSPRIT DES LOISThe Spirit of the Laws 93 Rousseau Montesquieu

59 The Social Contract 94 separation of governmental power (1) (2) (3) (4) J.S.McClelland

61 Conseil superieure de la magistrature Ľindépendance de ľautorite judiciaire Art.64-Le président est garant de ľindépendance de ľautorite judiciaire. Il est assisté par le Conseil supérieur de magistrature. Une loi organique porte statut des magistrats. Les magistrats du siége sont inamovibles

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63 External Independence Internal Independence Roger K.Warren Judicial Independence and Accountability

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67 menschenwüyrde

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73 (1) (2) (3) 268 (4)

75 Rechtsstaat rule of law 67

77 (1). (2). (3). (4). (5)

78 % 52.99% 50.25% 5% 45.37% 52.25% 45.37% 10% 5 10%

80 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 6 72

81 Sprungrevision 73

84 384 due process of law 76

85 Das rechtliche Gehör Vor Gericht hat jedermann Anspruch auf rechtliches Gehör

86 2. Der Anspruch auf ein faires Verfahren prozessökonomie

87 ,736 21, % 4.72% %

88 (%)

89 (%)

90 Entlastungsgesetz

92 Inquisitorial System Accusatorial System 134 Non-Adversary System Adversary System

94 Presumption of Innocence 139 Legalitätsprinzip Generalprävention

95 Beyond a reasonable doubt Preponderance of Evidence

97 Grundsatz der Unmittelbarkeit 145 Mündlichkeitsprinzip Grundsatz der Öffentlichkeit Konzentrationsmaxime (!) (2) (3)

98 148 90%

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104 1 159 fruit of the poisonous tree Doctrine of Tainteu Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Exclusionary Rule of Evidence

105 159 hearsay rule Cross Examination

106 Right to confronted with the witnesses against him

107 Wigmore,On Evidence,$1362,4 vol (1) 166 (2) (3) (4)

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127 Selbskontrolle

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129 Justitia debet esse et celeris,quia dilatio est quaedam negatio

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132 217 Roger K.Warren

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135 decisional indepence institutional independence See An Independent Judiciary-Report of the ABA on Separation of Powera and Judicial Independence,at The International Bar Association <>The International Bar Associational Code of Minimum Standards of Judicial Independence

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139 Habermas

140 Franz Michael.1998.Law:A Tool of Power,Human Rights in the People Republic of China Internatuonal Commission of Jurists.1966.The Rule of Law and Human Rights Ruti G.Teitel James R.Maxeiner,2003,Different Roads to the Rule of Law:Their Importance for Law Reform in Taiwan Roger K.Warren 132

國立中山大學學位論文典藏

國立中山大學學位論文典藏 i Examinations have long been adopting for the selection of the public officials and become an essential tradition in our country. For centuries, the examination system, incorporated with fairness, has