2002 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ,,,,(),, :, :, 51, 1983,79 120

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1 , 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 119

2 2002 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ,,,,(),, :, :, 51, 1983,79 120

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27 strategy to link up and unite with international anarchist organizations. There were a number of special factors underlying AB cooperation in China, but the main one was the realization of this strategy in the contemporary international sit2 uation. The Evolution of China s Postwar Policy toward Vietnam : A Study Based on the Guomindang s Work with Vietnamese Political Parties L uo M i n (78) The Guomindang s work with Vietnamese political parties after the war went through three periods, focusing respectively onvietnamese pro2china par2 ties, thevietnam Independence LeagueandBao Dai. By reviewing the Guomindang s postwar work with Vietnamese political parties, we can see that ideology was not the sole criterion for choosing which parties to foster. In accor2 dance with changes in Vietnam and China s internal situations and the interna2 tional situation as a whole, it was China s own national interests, the strengths of the various Vietnamese parties, and France s policy toward Vietnam that be2 came the important factors for the Guomindang to consider in its Vietnam strate2 gy. As far as its methods are concerned, the Guomindang s work with Viet2 namese political parties after the war was mainly based on moral support and se2 cretly encouraging Vietnamese parties to cooperate with each other. It refused to assist Vietnam materially. As to the effect of the policy, the plans were compre2 hensive and sound on paper, but were heavily discounted in the execution. Some times this was because the Guomindang gave up its plan because of rapid changes in the situation in Vietnam, but more often the Guomindang s self2contradictory policies, disputes between Chinese branches in Vietnam and the intensification of conflict between the CCP and Guomindang left them with unable to carry out their plans. On Wu Tingfang s Relations wit h t he Revolutionaries during t he 1911 Revolution Zhang L iheng (119) During the 1911 Revolution, Wu Tingfang s relations with the revolution2 aries went through gradually moved from cooperation to alienation. As a feudal high official who had served the Qing government for thirty years, Wu Tingfang s entry into the ranks of bourgeois revolution was a union of contingen2 cy and necessity. On his side, his political convictions in favor of establishing a bourgeois republic and against the Qing government s stupidity and stubbornness led him to join the revolution. This was also the major premise for Wu s coopera2 tion with Sun Yat2sen and other revolutionaries. That the revolutionaries took the initiative to invite Wu to join them was due on the one hand to the effect of the bourgeois revolutionariesbiased political propoganda, and on the other to Wu s great influence at home and abroad. But most of all it was due to the demands of 2

28 the struggle between Shanghai and Hubei. Wu s cooperation with the revolution2 aries hastened the establishment of the Nanjing provisional government of the Re2 public of China. However, they had differences over how to govern the country. Their differing opinions over handling thesong Haizhang Case andyao Zerong Case fi2 nally led to alienation between Wu and Sun Yat2sen s revolutionaries. Zhang Taiyan seremitisticthought and it s Origins A o Guangx u (145) A Preliminary Look at t he Philosophy of Vigorous Action Huang Daox uan (179) The Philosophy of Vigorous Action had considerable influence as a bureau2 cratic philosophy in China during the 1930 s and 1940 s. Its formulation suited the needs of the social and political thought of the time, and was closely related to Chiang Kai2shek s philosophical train of thought. The Philosophy of Vigorous Action borrowed many ready2made concepts and intellectual resources from Wang Yangming and from Sun Yat2sen s idea thatknowledge is difficult, but action easy. At the same time, it also processed and altered them in order to achieve the practical objectives of these philosophies, and from this gave rise to a confu2 sion of concepts and conflicts with the essential spirit of philosophy. The Philoso2 phy of Vigorous Action was centered onaction,and the concept ofaction is complicated and unclear in itself. The carrying out ofactionis also fraught with difficulties. Of course, as a politicized philosophy, the unity of ideas was not really a paramount consideration. The appearance of the Philosophy of Vigorous Action and its objectives was intimately bound to political need. A Summary of Studies on Modern Chinese History in 2000 Zhang Hai peng (200) International Seminar Commemorating t he 90t h Anniversary of the 1911 Revolution A cadem ic S taf f of Sem i nar (245) International Seminar onthe 90th Anniversary of the 1911 Revolution in Taiwan X u Youw ei (276) Seminar onthe Drug Problem and Modern China W ang Hongbi n (292) Hu Sheng and the Institute of Modern History : Commemorating the First Anniversary of Comrade Hu ShengDeath Zhang Hai peng (303) English abstracts translated by Du Jidong and edited by Alexander Beels. 3

2002 1, AB,,AB,, ( ), () ,,,,:,,, ;,, ;,,,, A. Dirlik, The Origins of Chinese Com m unism (Oxford University Press,1989), p. 3., ,

2002 1, AB,,AB,, ( ), () ,,,,:,,, ;,, ;,,,, A. Dirlik, The Origins of Chinese Com m unism (Oxford University Press,1989), p. 3., , AB () () (B) (A), AB,,( ) AB, AB () AB, (anarchists) (Bolsheviks),,,,AB?,,, 43 2002 1, AB,,AB,, ( ), () 1919 4,,,,:,,, ;,, ;,,,, A. Dirlik, The Origins of Chinese Com m unism (Oxford University Press,1989),