國家圖書館典藏電子全文

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1 1 Adrienne Rich Of woman born P

2 Re-vision 4 (speculum) Bell Gale Chevigny 5 Susan Koppelman Andrienne Rich 1992 P ( Luce Irigaray) Symmetry P Gayle Greene and Coppelia Kahn P Susan Koppelman - 2 -

3 8 9 Woman who write fiction write stories about mothers and daughters. Often, a woman writer s first published story is about the relationship between mother and daughter. Nor do woman writers abandon this subject as they grow in contemplation and portrayal of mothers and daughters again and again throughout their careers. Edelman, Hope, Motherless Daughter, Delta: New York, ( 1998 ) P Helene Cixous P P

Nor do woman writers abandon this subject as they grow in contemplation and portrayal of mothers and

4 Sigmund Freud Melanie Klein ( Nancy Chodorow) Simone de Beauvoir Adrienne Rich Luce Irigaray - 4 -

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6 Roland Barth Theory of the text text [ ] 1994 P Judith Kegan Gardiner P P

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12 12 12 ( 1999 )

13 (speak as woman among woman) Sigmund Freud P

14 (Mother blaming) P Freud, Sigmund

15 ( lack)

16 17 (libido) 18 17, Jane Gallop Feminism and Psychoanalysis Freud, Sigmund 1980 Freud, Sigmund Gallop, Jane, Feminism and Psychoanalysis: The daughter s seduction, Macmillan, London: P

17 the Minoan-Mycenean civilization 19 ( the phallic mother) 20 Melanie Klein 19. Marianne Hirsch The Mother/Daughter Plot The archaeological image Freud uses to describe the discovery of the pre-oedipus highlights its concealed and subversive power-it is, he says, like the discovery, in another field, of the Minoan-Mycenean civilization behind the civilization of Greece. Freud stresses the almost total repression of the pre-oedipal stage of mother-love and the analyst s difficulty in reaching it. The pre-oedipus, he surmises, has no narrative and no history: it can be reached only retrospectively, after it has already been abandoned, more or less successfully. Lacan s later reformulation clarifies that the pre-oedipal stage coincides with the pre-verbal imaginary stage which has to give way to the symbolic. Hirsch, Marianne, The Mother/Daughter Plot: narratives, psychoanalysis, feminism, Indiana University Press: 1989 P

discovery, in another field, of the Minoan-Mycenean civilization behind the civilization of Greece.

18 vs This phantasy of the combined parents appears first when the infant becomes aware of his mother as whole object but does not fully differentiate the father from her; he phantasizes the penis or the father as a part of his mother; his desirable, breast, babies, penises. Sayers, Janet, Mothering Psychologysis-Helene Deutsch, Karen Horney, Anna Freud and Melanie Klein, London, England :Penguin Books,1992 P P

as a part of his mother; his desirable, breast, babies, penises.

19 oral, anal, and genital the paranoid-schizoid position the depressive position the reparation position the paranoid-schizoid position the depressive position the reparation position (libido)

position the paranoid-schizoid position (libido)

20 (combined mother) ( phallic mother) But in thus wanting to destroy his father inside the mother the boy fears the parents joint vengeance this giving rise to an avenging image of the parental couple attacking him within. Both this, and the boy s envy of his mother s childbearing, determine later sexuality-men feeling warmth or contempt for their sexual partners depending on the success with which they negotiated early ambivalent identification with the mother and subsequent Oedipal rivalry and identification with father. Mothering Psychologysis P : 1995 ) P

Both this, and the boy s envy of his mother s childbearing, determine later sexuality-men feeling warmth or contempt for their sexual partners

21 Simone de Beauvoir

22 25 26 (psyche) P P P

23 ( mother blaming) P P P

24 P. 284 P

25 P P P

26 37 38 Sylvie le Bon de Beauvoir 39 Nancy Chodorow The reproduction of mothering 37 P P Sylvie le Bon de Beauvoir. Brown-Guillory, Elizabeth, Women of color : mother-daughter relationships in 20th-century literature, Austin : University of Texas Press, 1996 P

27 40 41 Rosemarie Tong The different length and quality of the pre-oedipal period in boys and girls are rooted in woman s mothering, specially in the fact that a mother is of the same gender as her daughter and of a different gender from her son. Chodorow, Nancy, The reproduction of the mothering, Berkeley: University of California, 1978 P Because of their mothering by women, girls come to experience themselves as less separate than boys, as having more permeable ego boundaries. Girl comes to define themselves more in relation to others. Their internalized object-relation structure becomes more complex, with more ongoing issues. The reproduction of the mothering P P

28 (Lack) ( gender system) P

29 A negatively valued gender category and with an ambivalent maternal figure whose mothering and feminity are devalued and often conflictual for the mother herself The reproduction of the mothering P The reproduction of the mothering

30 ( Helen Deutsch) 46 Janne Lample de Groot Negative Oedipus complex ( Helen Deutsch) She(girls) define her self in a relational triangle: this relational triangle is imposed upon another inner triangle involving a girl s preoccupation alternately with alternately with her internal oedipal and internal preoedipal mother. The reproduction of the mothering 47 Janne Lample-de Groot Girls cathectedc their mothers and saw their fathers as rivals. The reproduction of the mothering The daughter at the prepubertal period is not exactly the same as the preoedipal. In the earlier period, the construction of ego boundaries, individuation, and emergence form primary love were completely open. In the later period, the issue is usually not individuation in its infantile sense: Most girls can act in the world according to the reality principle; know cognitively that they are differentiated. In relation to their mother, however (and similar, the mother in relation to her daughters), they experience themselves as overly attached, unindividuated, and without bundaries. The reproduction of the mothering P

31 Adrienne Rich 1970 Of woman born-motherhood as experience and institution 49 (Revision) Of woman born Of woman born (re-vision) 50 The mothernood and P Patricia Ticineto Clough ( 1997 ) P Helene Cixous P

32 daughterhood (negative Oedipus Complex) The motherhood and daughtrhood : This is the core of my book, and I enter it as a woman who, born between her mother s legs, has time after time and in different ways tried to return to her mother, to repossess her and be repossessed by her, to fine the mutual confirmation from and with another woman that daughters and mothers alike hunger for, pull away from, make possible for each other. Of Woman Born P Probably there is nothing in human nature more resonant with charges than the flow of energy between two biologically alike bodies, one of which has lain in amniotic bliss inside the other, one of which has labored to give birth to the other. Of Woman Born P Mothers and daughters have always exchanged with each other-beyond the verbally transmitted lore of female survival-a knowledge that is subliminal, preverbal: the knowledge flowing between two alike bodies, one of which has spent nine months inside the other. The experience of gibing birth stirs deep reverberations of her mother in a daughter; women often dream of their mothers during pregnancy and labor. Of Woman Born P Kaja Siilvernan Freud Kaja 1995 P

33 Few women growing up in patriarchal society can feel mothered enough. the institution the potential relationship institution of motherhood 56 For years, I felt my mother had chosen my father over me, had sacrificed me to his needs and theory. 57 And I know there must be deep reservoirs of anger in her; every mother has known overwhelming, unacceptable anger at her children 56 Helen. She was, Helen, my mother, my native shore of course; I think that in that poem I first heard my own longings, the longings of the female child, expressed by a male poet, in the voice of a man. Of Woman BornP Of Woman Born P

34 58 the essential human relationship, takes on an almost spiritual and primordial quality erely humiliate her, it mutilates the daughter who watches her for clues as to what it means to be a woman. 61 the old, institutionalized, sacrificial, mother love It is not simply that such 58 Of Woman Born P Of Woman Born P The institution of motherhood finds all mothers more or less guilty of having failed their children; and my mother, in particular, had been expected to create, according to my father s plan, a perfect daughter. Of Woman Born P Of Woman Born P

35 mothers feel both responsible and powerless. It is that they carry their own guilty and self-hatred over into their daughter s experience. 62 The woman who has felt unmothered may seek mothers all her life-may even seek them in men The mother knows that if raped she would be guilty; hence she tells her daughter she is guilty. She identifies intensely with her daughter, but trough weakness, not through strength. Its not simply that such mothers feel both responsible and powerless. It is that they carry their own guilt and self-hatred over into their daughters experiences. Of Woman Born P Of Woman Born P She may spend her life probing her strength in the mothering of others-as with Mrs. Ramsay, mothering men, whose weakness makes her feel strong, or mothering in the role of teacher, doctor, political activist, psycotherapist. In a sense she is ginving to others what she herself has lacked; but this will always mean that she needs the neediness of others in order to go on feeling her own strength. Of Woman Born P

36 castrate anxiety (phallus) courageous mothering Until a strong line of love, confirmation and example stretches from mother to daughter, from woman to woman across the generations, women will still be wandering in the wilderness Luce Irigaray 65 Of Woman Born P What do we mean by the nurture of daughters? What is it we wish we had, or could have, as daughter; could give, as mothers? Deeply and primally we need trust and tenderness; surely this will always be true of every human being, but women growing into a world so hostile to us need a very profound kind of loving in order to learn to love ourselves. But this loving is not simply the ole, institutionalized. Of Woman Born P

37 the phallic mother the castrated mother

38 The girl, indeed, has nothing more to fear since she has nothing to lose. Since she has no representation of what she might fear to lose. Since what she might, potentially, lose, has no value ( 1995 ) P Freud himself is enmeshed in a power structure and an ideology of the patriarchal type, which leads him to attribute a historical situation to nature or anatomy. The norm of the male, the one sex, in psychoanalytic discourse, reproduces the economy of the Same in philosophical discourse Whitford, Margaret, The Irigaray reader, Basil Blackwell: Oxford, 1991 P Luce Irigaray-Philosophy in the P : 1996 P

39 77 78 Jocasta Antigone Oedipus Creon The Orestela Aeschylus Agamemnon The Libation Beareers The Eumenidies Agamemnon Clytaemnestra Orestes 78 The Orestela Orestes The mother is no parent of that which is called her child, but only nurse of the new planted seed that grows. Thus a sort of international vendetta is set up, present more or less everywhere, which disorientates the female populace, the group and micro-societies which are in the process of being formed. Real murders take place as a part of it, but also cultural murders, murders of minds, emotions and intelligence, which women perpetuate amongst them Luce Irigaray-Philosophy in the Feminine 79 P

40 Margaret Whitford Irigaray-Philosophy in the Feminine, ( unsymbolize relationship) they make neither one not two, neither has a name, meaning, sex of her own, neither can be identified with respect to the other.how can the relationship between these two women be articulated? 81 Here for example is one place where the need for another syntax, another grammar of culture is crucial Luce Irigaray-Philosophy in the Feminine P78~79 81 Luce Irigaray-Philosophy in the Feminine 82 Luce Irigaray-Philosophy in the Feminine

41 83 ( feminime) mimicry A picture which superficially resembles a stereotypically misogynistic version of women s psychology is in fact attempting to state the conditions under which, say, hate or envy rivalry might be both operative and inescapable in relations between woman-because a way of negotiating them symbolically was not available, and to attribute the acting out of such unmediated feelings directly to the way in which woman figures in the structure of metaphysics and society. Luce Irigaray-Philosophy in the Feminine 84 Patricia Ticineto Clough P

國家圖書館典藏電子全文

國家圖書館典藏電子全文 1 7 2 1992 3 1991-150 - A body of one s own 5 4 Often their mothers do not welcome the daughter s early discoveries of her own body. Mothers prevent their daughters bodily pleasures and sexual activities,