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1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Sep. 203, 2(9): DOI: /SP.J * 王琳李玲玲 ** 高立峰刘杰罗珠珠 2 谢军红 ( ; ) 长期定位试验研究了黄土高原西部旱农区不同耕作措施 ( 传统耕作 T 免耕 + 秸秆覆盖 NTS 免耕 NT 传统耕作 + 秸秆翻埋 TS 传统耕作 + 地膜覆盖 TP 和免耕 + 地膜覆盖 NTP) 对黄绵土土壤总有机碳和易氧化有机碳的影响结果表明, 土壤有机碳含量随土壤深度的增加而降低, 0~30 cm 土层土壤有机碳含量的下降较为明显, 并且在 0~5 cm 5~0 cm 和 0~30 cm 土层中, 均表现为由研究初期各处理相对差异较小到试验中后期各处理出现显著差异的变化不同耕作措施下 0~30 cm 土壤总有机碳和易氧化有机碳在年的平均含量均为 NTS>TS>NTP>NT>T>TP 与传统耕作相比, 免耕各处理和传统耕作秸秆翻埋处理可增加.2%~7.2% 的土壤总有机碳, 5.3%~6.6% 的土壤易氧化有机碳含量, 而传统耕作覆膜处理分别降低 4.3% 和 2.7% 免耕和秸秆覆盖处理均有利于黄绵土土壤有机碳和易氧化有机碳的积累, 免耕结合秸秆覆盖效果最佳, 而多年传统耕作覆盖地膜后有机碳明显降低免耕秸秆覆盖处理土壤总有机碳和易氧化有机碳含量平均值在 2004 年 2006 年 2008 年 200 年及 202 年分别较 2002 年提高 9.5% 和 42.9% 3.2% 和 67.6% 2.5% 和 7.5%.% 和 5.9% 2.7% 和 2.6% 因此, 在西部黄土高原黄绵土区, 采用免耕结合秸秆覆盖的保护性耕作措施有利于土壤总有机碳和易氧化有机碳含量的提高, 从而有利于土壤质量的持续改善易氧化有机碳对不同耕作措施的响应比总有机碳更灵敏, 可以将其作为指示黄绵土有机碳变化的早期指标免耕秸秆覆盖保护性耕作总有机碳 (TOC) 易氧化有机碳 (ROOC) 黄土高原 : S57.4 : A : (203) Effect of long-term conservation tillage on total organic carbon and readily oxidizable organic carbon in loess soils WANG Lin, LI Ling-Ling, GAO Li-Feng, LIU Jie, LUO Zhu-Zhu 2, XIE Jun-Hong (. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences; Faculty of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou , China; 2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou , China) Abstract The Loess Plateau is characterized by severe soil erosion. Soil organic carbon is an essential element of soil quality, including soil tilth, soil fertility, soil aggregate stability and soil erodability. Soil organic carbon formation, change and depletion are very slow processes. Labile fractions of soil organic carbon are more sensitive to agricultural operations than total organic carbon. Tillage is a main factor affecing soil organic carbon in agricultural soils. Although a lot of work has been done on soil organic carbon on the Loess Plateau, most have actually focused only on total organic carbon. Relatively less research has been done on changes in the fractions of soil organic carbon over the long-term in response to tillage practices. Hence in this paper, the changes in the fractions of soil organic carbon due to long-term tillage practices in loess soils were investigated. Total organic carbon (TOC) and readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROOC) of soils from a 2-year experiment with different tillage practices were analyzed in this paper. The long-term experiment was commenced in 200 in Dingxi City, Gansu Province, which is a typical semiarid rainfed area in * (, ) (GSCS ) ( ) ** : (977 ),,,, lill@gsau.edu.cn (987 ),,, wl248686@63.com : :

表明, 土壤有机碳含量随土壤深度的增加而降低, 0~30 cm 土层土壤有机碳含量的下降较为明显, 并且在 0~5 cm 5~0 cm 和 0~30 cm 土层中, 均表现为由研究初期各处理相对差异较小到试验中后期各处理出现显著差异的变化不同耕作

2 the western Loess Plateau. The experiment included conventional tillage (T) and 5 conservation tillage practices [no tillage with straw mulching (NTS), conventional tillage with straw incorporation (TS), no tillage (NT), no tillage with plastic film mulching (NTP) and conventional tillage with plastic film mulching (TP)]. The results showed that soil TOC content decreased with increasing soil depth, and this was especially true for soil depths within 0~30 cm. At the start of the experiment, differences among treatments were insignificant for soil depths of 0~5 cm, 5~0 cm and 0~30 cm. However, these differences became more significant with time. The order of the average content of TOC and ROOC in the 0~30 cm soil depth for the different treatments was NTS > TS > NTP > NT > T > TP. Compare with T, the average ranges of TOC and ROOC under NT, NTS, NTP and TS increased respectively by.2%~7.2% and 5.3%~6.6%. However, those of TP dropped by 4.3% and 2.7%, respectively. Both no tillage and straw mulching increased TOC and ROOC contents, and the combinative use (NTS) provided the optimum conditions for improving soil organic carbon. TP was the worst treatment in terms of soil TOC content. Compared with 2002, the average contents of TOC and ROOC under NTS increased respectively by 9.5% and 42.9%, 3.2% and 67.6%, 2.5% and 7.5%,.% and 5.9%, 2.7% and 2.6% in 2004, 2006, 2008, 200 and 202. ROOC was much more sensitive to the tillage practices than TOC. Therefore no tillage used in conjunction with straw returning was critical for improving both TOC and ROOC in loess soils. It was possible to use ROOC as an early indicator for changes in soil organic carbon in loess soil of the western Loess Plateau. However, further research was needed to confirm the reliability of the use of ROOC for thus purpose. Key words No tillage, Straw mulching, Conservation tillage, Total organic carbon, Readily oxidizable organic carbon, Loess Plateau (Received Dec. 8, 202; accepted Apr. 28, 203),,,,, [],,,, [2],, CO 2, [3], [4], CO 2 [5 7], Moraru [8],, 0.8% 22.%; Li [9], (readily oxidizable organic carbon, ROOC), [0] [],, 2,,, 材料与方法., m, kj cm 2, h, 6.4, , ; 40 d 39 mm, 53 mm, 2.53, 80% 365 mm, 24.3%,,,, ; 0~200 cm.7 g cm 3, 7.3%, 2.9% ,, 6 ( ),,, (W/P)

tillage with plastic film mulching (NTP) and conventional tillage with plastic film mulching (TP)].

3 9 : 059 (P/W),, 4, 4 m 20 m, ( ) 0~30 cm Fig. Table 图试验区年降雨量 Annual rainfall in in the studied area 表试验中不同耕作措施处理描述 Description of tillage treatments in the experiment Code Tillage practices Description T NTS NT TS TP NTP Conventional tillage + No tillage with straw mulching No tillage + Conventional tillage with straw incorporation + Conventional tillage with plastic film mulching + No tillage with plastic mulching The field was ploughed 3 times and harrowed twice after harvest., No-tillage throughout a year. Sowing and fertilization were performed with seeding-machine at the same time. All the straw of previous crop was returned to and mulched the original plot immediately after threshing.,, No-till throughout the experiment. Sowing and fertilization were performed with seeding-machine at the same time. T, The field was ploughed and harrowed exactly as T treatment, but with straw incorporated at the first plough. All the straw of the previous crop was returned to the original plot immediately after threshing and then incorporated into soil. T,, 40 cm,,, 40 cm, 0 cm, 25 cm The field was ploughed and harrowed exactly as T treatment, but covered with plastic film after the last harrow. Plastic film was set between crop rows and the covered belt width was 40 cm. Thus, the row spaces between crops were 40 cm and 0 cm alternatively, average of 25 cm., TP No-till throughout a year. The plastic film was laid in October using same machine as for TP treatment., 4, 80 kg hm 2, 22.5 cm N 20 kg hm 2 ( 43.0 kg), P 2 O 5 05 kg hm 2 ( kg) 35, 3, 87.5 kg hm 2, 20 cm, N 05 kg hm 2 ( kg), P 2 O 5 05 kg hm 2 ( kg) 7, 7 8, 2,4-D.3 :, 0~5 cm 5~0 cm 0~30 cm,, 3 [2], 333 mmol L [3 4] : 5 mg 00 ml, 333 mmol L 25 ml,, 25 r min h, r min 5 min, nm.4 Microsoft Excel, SPSS 7.0 (Duncan) (P<0.05) Sigma Plot 结果与分析 , 2 0~30 cm

NT TS TP NTP Conventional tillage + No tillage with straw mulching No tillage + Conventional tillage with straw incorporation + Conventional tillage with plastic film mulching + No tillage with

4 (TOC) 7.42~9.88 g kg NTS TOC, TS,, TP TOC T NT TOC T, NTS TS NTP NT.2%~7.2% TOC, TP 4.3% TOC 2008, 200, ,, 2002, T NT TOC NTS TP, NTP TS TOC , (NTS TS)TOC, TS TOC % 3.4% 4.6%, NTS TOC % 3.2% 2.5%, TOC 2008, 2 TS NTS TOC (T NT TP NTP) TOC, 202, TOC 202, TS TOC, T TOC, , 5~0 cm 0~30 cm TOC 0~5 cm, 0~30 cm, TOC T TP, TOC 0~5 cm 5~0 cm 表 2 不同耕作措施下 0~30 cm 土壤总有机碳含量的动态变化 Table 2 Dynamic changes of total organic carbon in the soil layer of 0~30 cm under different tillage practices g kg Year Treatment Mean T 8.89±0.33a 8.26±0.8c 8.07±0.27b 8.62±0.48c 7.6±0.36ab 7.70±0.73c 8.9±0.39b NTS 8.3±0.46c 8.90±0.34a 9.20±0.5a 9.88±0.63a 8.22±0.69a 8.35±0.53b 8.78±0.53a NT 8.64±0.4a 8.39±0.35bc 8.3±0.44b 8.64±0.36c 7.60±0.43ab 8.34±0.32b 8.29±0.39b TS 8.54±0.39ab 8.6±0.49ab 8.83±0.46a 8.93±0.64bc 7.67±0.49ab 8.82±0.54a 8.57±0.50a TP 8.6±0.36bc 8.9±0.2c 7.52±0.24c 7.96±0.57d 7.42±0.60b 7.80±0.40bc 7.84±0.40c NTP 8.49±0.42ab 8.6±0.67c 8.3±0.62b 9.37±0.43b 8.±0.20ab 8.4±0.46bc 8.43±0.47b 0.05, Different small letters indicate significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level. The same below. Fig. 2 图 2 不同耕作措施下土壤总有机碳的垂直分布 Vertical distribution of soil total organic carbon (TOC) under different tillage practices

5%, 200 202 TOC 2008, 2 TS NTS TOC (T NT TP NTP) TOC, 202, TOC 202, TS TOC, T TOC, 2.

5 9 : 06 0~30 cm 3, TOC TOC T, 202, TOC (TS NTS) 0~5 cm 5~0 cm, 2002 T TOC NTS TP, , 0~5 cm NTS TOC, T TP 5~0 cm, TOC TS, NTS 0~30 cm TOC, 2002 T, 202 TS, TS NTS, 0~30 cm TOC, 0~5 cm TOC , 2 0~30 cm (ROOC) 3.32~6.67 g kg ROOC NTS, T NT TP NT NTS NTP TS ROOC T 5.3%~6.6%, TP T 2.7% TOC, ROOC 2008, 200, ROOC TOC 2002, ROOC NTP, TP NTS , NTS ROOC 202, NT TS ROOC, NTS TP, T NTP ROOC NTS 0~30 cm ROOC % 67.6% 7.5% 5.9% 2.6% , 0~30 cm 表 3 不同耕作措施下 0~30 cm 土壤易氧化有机碳含量的动态变化 Table 3 Dynamic changes of readily oxidizable organic carbon in the soil layer of 0~30 cm under different tillage practices g kg Year Treatment Mean T 4.04±0.38ab 4.65±0.29b 5.58±0.48bc 5.59±0.34b 3.87±0.4ab 3.32±0.47c 4.5±0.40bc NTS 3.89±0.40b 5.56±0.37a 6.52±0.38a 6.67±0.38a 4.5±0.39a 4.38±0.36ab 5.26±0.38a NT 4.04±0.47ab 4.90±0.38b 5.4±0.36c 5.6±0.40b 3.90±0.42ab 4.66±0.27a 4.75±0.38bc TS 4.2±0.45ab 4.92±0.47b 6.0±0.47ab 6.08±0.54ab 3.75±0.54ab 4.3±0.5ab 4.88±0.48ab TP 3.84±0.43b 4.62±0.42b 5.23±0.32c 5.49±0.42b 3.62±0.42b 3.54±0.48bc 4.39±0.40c NTP 4.49±0.49a 4.87±0.43b 5.74±0.40bc 6.9±0.46ab 4.3±0.46ab 3.62±0.38bc 4.84±0.43ab Fig. 3 图 3 不同耕作措施下土壤易氧化有机碳垂直分布 Vertical distribution of soil readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROOC) under different tillage practices

6 ~5 cm 5~0 cm ROOC, 0~5 cm, 2002 ROOC , NTS ROOC, 5.8 g kg 7.3 g kg 7.4 g kg 5.2 g kg 5~0 cm, NTS ROOC, , NTS TS NTP ROOC T NT TP 0~30 cm, , ROOC 3 讨论与结论,,,, [5 6],, [7] Curtin [8], 4, 5~6 t hm 2, [9], [20],, 2 0~30 cm, NTS>TS>NTP>NT>T>TP + (NTS) + (TS) 0~30 cm % 2.6% 3.3% 4.6%; (NT) %, 5.3%; + (NTP) + (TP) (T) % 9.4% 4.4% 7.8% 3.4% 7.8%,,, + (TP) (T), [2], [22 23], [24], ( : ), [25 28] + (NTS) % 42.9% 3.2% 67.6% 2.5% 7.5%.% 5.9% 2.7% 2.6%,,,,,,,, +,, 参考文献 [],,,. Century [J]., 2008, 27(6): 9 95 Gao C S, Yang G T, Wang J G, et al. The changing trend of organic carbon in black soil under different farming systems: A prediction by using Century model[j]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2008, 27(6): 9 95 [2],. [J]., 2003, 2(4): Zhang J B, Song C C. The sensitive evaluation indicators of effects of land-use change on soil carbon pool[j]. Ecology and Environment, 2003, 2(4): [3],,. [J]., 2003, 34(6): Fang H J, Yang X M, Zhang X P. The progress of study on soil organic carbon dynamics in cropland[j]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2003, 34(6): [4] Gaiser T, Stahr K, Bernard M, et al. Changes in soil organic carbon fractions in a tropical Acrisol as influenced by the addition of different residue materials[j]. Agroforestry Systems, 202, 86(2): [5] Lal R, Kimble J M. Conservation tillage for carbon sequestration[j]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 997, 49(/3): [6] Lal R, Bruce J P. The potential of world cropland soils to sequester C and mitigate the greenhouse effect[j]. Environmental Science and Policy, 999, 2(2): [7],,,. [J]., 200,

0~30 cm 202 2002 2.7% 2.6% 3.3% 4.6%; (NT)202 2002 3.5%, 5.3%; + (NTP) + (TP) (T)3 202 2002 4.% 9.4% 4.4% 7.8% 3.4% 7.8%,,, + (TP) (T), [2], [22 23], [24], ( : ), [25 28] + (NTS) 2004 2006 2008 200 202 2002 9.

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5月15期

5月15期中国农学通报 2012,28(15):106-111 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 旱地小麦休闲期不同耕作措施对土壤水分蓄纳利用与产量形成的影响贺立恒, 高志强, 孙敏, 李青 ( 山西农业大学农学院, 山西太谷 030801) 摘要 : 为了提