國立中山大學學位論文典藏

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1 A Study on the Categories and Constitutions of Members in the Collegial Administrative Organizations-A Case of Kaoshiung Municipal Government I

2 II

3 III

4 1 (administrative organ) (legislative organ) ( single-judge IV

5 system) ( colleague system) commissioncommittee task force( ) V

6 ( ) (proposition) (events) ( ) (ideal type) VI

7 1 2 3 VII

8 (serve as) (fallacy) 4 (logical). ( ) ( ). VIII

9 () () IX

10 (interest) () (organization theory). () () () () () X

11 (structure-functional analysis approach) 2 Talbot Parsons (functional requisites) (pattern maintenance ) (goal attainment) (adaptation) (integration). 3 Gabriel Almond James S. Coleman "Politics of the Developing Areas " (institution) , Talcott Parsons, The Structure of Social Action, (New York: The Free Press, 1949),pp XI

12 4 Almond 5 (role) 4 Gabriel A. Almond and G Bingham Powell, Jr., Politics, A Developmental Approach to Political Science.(Boston: Little, Brownand Company, 1966). 5 G. Almond & B. Powell 15~18 XII

13 () (ideal type) ~ ,5~7 XIII

14 8 9 (administrative organization) (administrative organ) (formal organization 10 ) XIV

15 (roles) 11 ( ) (network) ~ ~ ~105 XV

16 (legal authority) (advisory) (structure) (ends) (participators) (skill) () (normative structure) (behavioral structure) 15 (values) (norms) ~ Broom, L.,Bonjean, C.M., Broom, D.H., XVI

17 (interaction) (activities) (expression) (formal structure) 17 (formal organization) () (specific) ~ Broom, L.,Bonjean, C.M., Broom, D.H., 185 XVII

18 18 () (specialized) (authority) (bureaucracy) 19 () (diversity) Broom, L.,Bonjean, C.M., Broom, D.H., 179~180 XVIII

19 submit 1.2 ( ) XIX

20 1.2 commissioncommittee boardcouncil( )task force meeting conference( ) 20 () ~ ~ XX

21 () () XXI

22 (ideal type) 21 (Max Weber) (analytic conception Gedankenbild) 22 (means) 23 Hempel Typological ~ XXII

23 Methods in the Social Sciences (type) (classificatory type) ( ) (extreme type) (ideal type) 24 (classificatory type) Kretschmer Ernst 25 (classes) 24 Carl G Hempel, Typological Methods in the Nature and Social Sciences. (American Philosophical Association; Eastern Division,1,1959).pp.65~ Carl G Hempel, op. cit.,.65~86. XXIII

24 (more or less) T a T T T x y x y x y (rating scales ) (measuring procedures) (programatic) (fruitfulness) (mental) XXIV

25 (utopia) 26 (constitution of members) 26 John C. Mckinney, Constructive Typology and Social Theory, (Duke University:., Meredith Publishing Company.,1968) p12. XXV

26 XXVI

27 ( 1994 ) ( 203~39) () ( ) XXVII

28 ( ) () () XXVIII

29 Mirra Komarovsky 1975 "Sociology and Public Policy-The Case of Presidential Commissions" Louis Fisher 1987 " The Politics of Shared Power, Congress and the Executive"Kenneth J. Meier "Politics and the Bureaucracy 2 nd " XXIX

30 27 ( ) (Department Form or Single Head Organization) XXX

31 28 () () (overload) ~200 XXXI

32 ( ) () F. E. Kast J. E. Rosenzweig XXXII

33 31 A. Hamilton (execute) (advisory) ( ) ~ L. D. White, Introdution to the Study of Public Administration, (Macmillan: N.Y., 1955) p XXXIII

34 36 committee commission 37 commission Royal Commission 75~ commission committee Commission committee committee Robert K. Merton commission Robert K. Merton, "Social Knowledeg and Public Policy -Sociological Perspectives on Four Presidential Commissions" in Komarovsky, Mirra ed. Sociology and Public Policy-The Case of Presidential Commissions( Elsevier : Scientific Publishing Company, Inscorporation,1975) p.153 XXXIV

35 38 commission government 39 council board (Independent Agencies) (Department) (Tudor) commission ~5 39 Terry Chistensen,. Local Politics-Governing at the Grassroots (Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Com.,Belmont California.,1995) pp.101~ Louis Fisher, The Politics of Shared Power, Congress and the Executive XXXV

36 ( )(independent regulatory commission-irc) (Regulatory Agencies headed by collegial Bodies) 41 (Consumer Product Safety Commission) (Interstate Commerce Commission-ICC) 20 (Railroad Commission) ~ (The Interstate Commerce Act) 2 nd.(congressional Quarterly, Inscorporation., 1987)pp161~ Meier, Kenneth J. Politics and the Bureaucracy2 nd (Brooks/Cole Publishing Company., 1987) pp24~ Fisher, Louis. op. cit.p25. XXXVI

37 Ibid Ibid. XXXVII

38 2.1 (FTC) Fisher, Louis " The Politics of Shared Power, Congress and the Executive" 2 nd ed. Congressional Quarterly, Inc. p163. (Federal Trade Commission-FTC) (the Brownlow Committee) XXXVIII

39 (Branch) (Hoover Commission) ,pp163~ ~20 20 XXXIX

40 ~86 XL

41 (William E. Humphrey) (United States Supremacy Court ) Humphrey's Executor V. United States, 295 U.S. 602(1935) Humphrey's Executor V. United States, 295 U.S. 602(1935) 51 FTC- Federal Syllabus of Certificate From The Court of Claims, Humphrey's Executor V. United States, 295 U.S. 602(1935) XLI

42 Trade Commission - Federal Trade Commission Act is an administrative body created by Congress to carry into effect legislative policies embodied in the statute in accordance with the legislative standard therein prescribed, and to perform other specified duties as a legislative or as a judicial aid. 53 Op.cit. XLII

43 54 (Federal Trade Act) Commissioner Commissioner Chairman Commissioner Commissioner Executive Assistant XLIII

44 ~88 U.S. Government Manual Bruce D. Fisher, Michael J. Phillips, the Legal Environment of Business, 3 rd ed. West Publishing, 1989,p.616. (commissioner) (chairman) (execute assistant) (2.1) (The Advisory XLIV

45 Committee or Commission) (Federal Advisory Committees or Commissions-FAC) 55 (Presidential Commission) (assassination) 56 Robert K. Merton (the Royal Commissions of Inquiry in Britain) (Commissions of ~78 56 Otto N Larsen,., "The Commision on Obscenity and Pornography" in Komarovsky, Mirra ed. 5" Sociology and Public Policy-The Case of Presidential Commissions"op.cit.,p10. XLV

46 Inquiry) () (agenda setting) 57 Robert K. Merton, op. cit., pp155~ Otto N Larsen., op. cit., p Ohlin, Lloyd E., "Report on the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice " in Komarovsky, Mirra ed. "Sociology and Public Policy-The Case of Presidential Commissions"op.cit.,p Paul F. Lazarsfeld and Martin Jaeckel, "The Uses of Sociology by Presidential Commissions" in Komarovsky, Mirra ed. Op.cit.,.pp117~25. XLVI

47 ( ) () () () XLVII

48 ( ) () XLVIII

49 Paul F. Lazarsfeld and Martin Jaeckel, "The Uses of Sociology by Presidential Commissions" in Komarovsky, Mirra ed Sociology and Public Policy-The Case of Presidential Commissions Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Inc.pp117~19. (collegial) (plural) (multiheaded) (maximizes) 61 Alexander 61 Florence Heffron, Organization Theory & Public Organizations (Prentice-Hall, Inscorporation. 1989) pp48~49. XLIX

50 Hamilton Federalist Papers 62 (bargaining) (negotiating) (compromise) 63 Humphrey's Executor V. United States 62 Heffron, Florence Organization Theory & Public Organizations op.cit.,.pp48~ 63 Ibid.,.pp48~49 L

51 (President J. Carter) Meier, Kenneth J. op. cit pp26~27. LI

52 65 66 () () () 65 21~ LII

53 (Kabinettsausschusse) ~ LIII

54 a LIV

55 (). () ~ ~ ~124 LV

56 . (). (). () () () LVI

57 / 76 () () ( ) ( ) 76 () () () 128~134 LVII

58 ( ) () () ( ) () () ~ LVIII

59 LIX

60 LX

61 80 LXI

62 () LXII

63 () LXIII

64 ( ) () () () 82 () () () () () LXIV

65 () () () (.) ( 82 51~ ~ LXV

66 .) LXVI

67 LXVII

68 86 LXVIII

69 ( ) LXIX

70 Harvey C. Mansfield International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences LXX

71 (arbitration) (regulation) (operation of public enterprise) (advice-giving) (investigation) (latent function) (dysfunction) (patronage) Mansfileld Robert K. Merton, "Social Knowledeg and Public Policy -Sociological Perspectives on Four Presidential Commissions" Komarovsky, Mirra ed. Sociology and Public Policy-The Case of Presidential Commissions ( Elsevier Scientific LXXI

72 88 () (the control committee) () (coordination and discussion committee) () (investigatory and advisory committee) () (dissemination and education committee) Publishing Company Inc.,1975)p156. LXXII

73 (socialization) () (judicial committee) 89 () ~ ~39 LXXIII

74 () () LXXIV

75 () ( ) ( ) ( ) 227~228 LXXV

76 LXXVI (ideal type) ~10

77 ( ) (ad hoc committee) (standing or permanent committee) (task force) () (executive committee) (staff committee) ( ) 93 () (coordination committee) (consultation committee) 93 LXXVII

78 (execution committee) (commission or committee structure) ( collegial system) (decentralized) 8 LXXVIII

79 plural executives 94 ( 95 ) 96 (unit) (member) (communication ) Heffron, Florence Organization Theory & Public Organizations( Prentice-Hall, Inc.1989)pp48~ ~ LXXIX

80 () () () ~76 LXXX

81 101 (all-channel networks) (round table) Arther () () 250 LXXXI

82 3.1 (3.2) ( ~81 LXXXII

83 M. M. Shaw LXXXIII

84 (3.2 ) ~ (Max Weber) (structure) (differentiation of functions) ~68 LXXXIV

85 (hierachy ) 106 hierarchical bureaucratic structure 107 (groupings) 108 () () (control) () ~ Broom, L.,Bonjean, C.M., Broom, D.H., LXXXV

86 ( ) (pyramid) ~10 LXXXVI

87 3.5 (colleague) 3.6 ( ) LXXXVII

88 (dual hierarchy) (dual supervision) 110 A ( ) ~56 LXXXVIII

89 B X Y 3.7 () A LXXXIX

90 B () X (Executor) Y XC

91 A-X A-YB-XB-Y A-X A-Y B-X B-Y XCI

92 3.8 b a D c ( ) 3.8 XCII

93 ( 3.8 ab c) ( 3.8 D) ( 3.9 ) XCIII

94 (IRCs) XCIV

95 ( ) ( ) IRCs 111 XCV

96 3.10 ( ) XCVI

97 XCVII

98 (ideal type) XCVIII

99 XCIX

100 C

101 CI

102 CII

103 . CIII

104 112 (political socialization) ~81 CIV

105 CV

106 CVI 4.1 ( ) 113

107 CVII

108 A01~A07 / A /03/ A CVIII

109 CIX 88/07/ A03 89/04/

110 CX A04 68/12/ A05 81/03/ A

111 CXI 87/04/ A A03 31

112 ( ) 31 A05 A04 CXII

113 19 B01~B18 / B CXIII

114 86/02/ B02 87/11/ B /01/13 CXIV B04 13

115 CXV 87/03/ B05 88/10/ B06 88/11/ B

116 CXVI 74/04/30 B08 77/11/ B09 86/09/ B

117 CXVII 89/02/ B11 88/09/ B12 89/06/26 21 B13 88/07/

118 CXVIII B14 89/06/ B15 88/06/

119 B16 88/06/ B /07/27 B ~ /06/ ~5 4. 3~5 5. 1~3 B ~3 CXIX

120 77/02/26. B17 CXX

121 B01~B06B10B13 B14B16~B18 B B02 15~19 11~14 B B10 B01 B02 B03 B08 CXXI

122 B B CXXII

123 ... B11~B17 CXXIII

124 C01~C27 / C CXXIV

125 CXXV 85/08/ C02 84/03/30 C03 83/04/ C04 79/02/

126 CXXVI C05 89/07/ C06 86/06/ C07

127 CXXVII 84/03/ C08 86/01/ C09 86/11/ C10 82/09/

128 CXXVIII C11 89/10/05 22 C12 87/03/

129 CXXIX C13 89/10/ C

130 CXXX 89/04/ C15 88/11/ C16 86/08/ C17 10

131 87/01/ C18 12 C /06/ C /03/04 2. CXXXI

132 C C /05/ C CXXXII

133 CXXXIII 88/05/ C '7 C25 87/06/ ( ) 3 3. () 2 4. () C

134 89/12/07 3. C /01/ ( ) () C03 C04 CXXXIV

135 C07 C08 C09 C14 C16 C17 C18 C23 () C01 C02 C12 C13 C15 C21 C22 C24 () C05 C06 C11 C19 () C10 C20 C27 () C25 CXXXV

136 C26 () C01 C21 C19 C23 C14 () C08 C17 () () C03 CXXXVI

137 C04 C12 C14 C20 C23 () () C03 C04 C12 C14 C20 C23 CXXXVII

138 C09 C03 C04 C12 CXXXVIII

139 C18 12 CXXXIX

140 CXL / D01 69/01/

141 ( ) () () () CXLI

142 CXLII

143 CXLIII

144 ( ) 14 CXLIV

145 (). () () CXLV

146 () () CXLVI

147 () () CXLVII

148 CXLVIII 78/07/ /07/ /12/

149 86/12/ () CXLIX

150 . () CL

151 .. 65 CLI

152 CLII

153 CLIII

154 . CLIV

155 CLV

156 () () () CLVI

157 CLVII

158 . CLVIII

159 CLIX

160 CLX

161 CLXI

162 CLXII

163 CLXIII

164 CLXIV

165 () () () CLXV

166 ( ) () () () () CLXVI

167 CLXVII

168 Fred I. Greenstein, Nelson W. Polsby CLXVIII

169 David Dessler Richard L. Daft Broom, L.,Bonjean, C.M., Broom, D.H CLXIX

170 () CLXX

171 Kranz, Harry 1976 "The Participatory Bureaucracy " Lexington Books, D.C. Health and Company. Fisher, Louis 1987 " The Politics of Shared Power, Congress and the Executive" 2 nd ed. Congressional Quarterly, Inc. Page, Edward C 1992 "Political Authority and Bureaucratic Power " Harvester Wheatsheaf. CLXXI

172 Meier, Kenneth J 1987 "Politics and the Bureaucracy "2 nd ed. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Hill, Larry B. ed " The State of Public Bureaucracy" M.E. Sharpe, Inc. Komarovsky, Mirra ed "Sociology and Public Policy-The Case of Presidential Commissions" Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Inc. Warwick, Donald P., 1975 " A Theory Of Public Bureaucracy" Harvard University Press. Davis, Charles R., 1996 "Organization Theories and Public Administration" Preager Publishers. Heffron, Florence 1989 "Organization Theory & Public Organizations" Prentice-Hall, Inc. Wolanin, Thomas R 1975 "Presidential Advisory Commissions" The University of Wisconsin Press. Terry Chistensen "Local Politics-Governing at the Grassroots", Wadsworth Publishing Com.,Belmont Cal. Hempel, Carl G 1952,Typological Methods in the Nature and Social Sciences. American Philosophical Association; Eastern Division John, C. Mckinney, "Constructive Typology and Social Theory", Duke Univ., Meredith Publishing Company Flitner, Jr. David 1986 "The Politics of Presidential Commissions" Dobbs Ferry, New York:Transnational Publisher CLXXII

173 Hathorn, Guy B., Howard R. Penniman and Mark F. Ferber 1966 "Government and Politics in the United States" Princeton: D. Van Norstrand Popper, Frank 1970 "The President's Commission" Englewood Cliffs, N.J. :Prentice-Hall Ward, Peter C "Federal Trade Commission :Law, Practice and Procedure" New York: Law Journal Seminars Press Perterson, Steven A. and Rasmussen H. Thomas 1994 "State and Local Politics" McGraw-Hill, Inc. Moe, Ronald C "The Hoover Commission Revisited" Boulder, Colo. Westview Press. CLXXIII

B B002 1B102(a) 1B102 (a) ( ) (c) () (v) 1B115 1B115 ( 1B002 1B102 ) (a) 1C011(a) 1C011 1C111 1C011(a) 1C011 1C111 1B115 1B117 1B1

B B002 1B102(a) 1B102 (a) ( ) (c) () (v) 1B115 1B115 ( 1B002 1B102 ) (a) 1C011(a) 1C011 1C111 1C011(a) 1C011 1C111 1B115 1B117 1B1 B538 2004 65 2004 18 (t) (B) 1 1. 1A005 (v) 1A202 1A202 1A002 9A010 9A110 (a) 75 400 1C010(a) 1C010 1C210(a) 1C210(c) 1 1B (i) 1B001(c) 1B001(c) (ii) 1B002 1B102 (iii) 1B101(d ) 9A110 9C110 (iv) 1B102